NUTRITION IN PLANTS

1. DAV INSTITUTIONS
ODISHA ZONE- 1
SUBJECT – SCIENCE, CLASS-VII
NAME OF THE TOPIC – NUTRUTION IN LIVING ORGANISMS - PLANTS
Prepared By:
Banhimayee Biswal
EMIL DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, JILLING,
JAJANG, KEONJHAR

2. Book Link: PDF format
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1
AsrAfdgXXfDQuiZhCkmCIyQVC6H
gcPMo/view?usp=drivesdk

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students will be able to :
• Recall nutrition
• Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
• Define and classify heterotrophic nutrition with examples.
• State and describe the equation of the process of photosynthesis
• Recognize the condition necessary for photosynthesis.
• Point out the ways of up taking the raw materials for photosynthesis.
• Explain the structure and working of stomata.
• Understand and explain the heterotrophic modes of nutrition in plants.
• Compare autotrophic mode of nutrition with that of Saprotrophic mode of nutrition.
• Realize the requirement of sunlight for photosynthesis by demonstration and performing
experiment.
• Demonstrate Saprotrophic Nutrition in bread mould.
• Define Symbiotic Relationship.
• Explain the process Soil Replenishment.

4. INTRODUCTION
LET’S HAVE A LOOK ON THE
CONVERSATION OF TIKI AND TIKU !!!
Tiki : Hello ! Tiku
Tiku : Hi!! Tiki
Tiki : Where are u going?
Tiku : I am going to a Family function with my parents. Ohhh !!! I am so
excited about the party.. I will have so much of fun , delicious food……
Tiki : Ok ! That means you are excited about the food. Tell me one thing-
Why do we eat food ?
Tiku : Yes I know. We Eat food to get nutrients, energy , stay fit and healty.
Tiki : Do you know- What is this process of getting nutrients called?
Tiku : Yes I know….It is Called NUTRITION
Tiki : Yes you are correct. You Know Tomorrow our science teacher will also
start this chapter in our class. We will have lots of fun… See you tomorrow
in the class… Byeeeee…..

5. Nutrients
The components of food like carbohydrates, fats, proteins vitamins and minerals are called nutrients.
NUTRIENTS Help to
provide energy to carry out
life processes
repair the damaged parts of
their bodies
Grow and build their bodies

6. Nutrition
The mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization in the body is called nutrition.
NUTRITION
AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
Mode of nutrition in
which organisms prepare
their own food
Mode of nutrition in which
organisms cannot prepare its
food and depend upon others

7. HETEROTROPHIC
NUTRITION
Saprotrophic
Nutrition
Holozoic
Nutrition
Parasitic
Nutrition
Organisms who derive their
nutrition from dead and
decaying matter
Organisms who derive their
nutrition from other living
organisms and harm them
Organisms who takes up
complex substances and
converting them into simpler
forms to derive its nutrition
Euglena is an
organism which shows
both autotrophic and
heterotrophic mode
of nutrition

8. Photosynthesis - Food making process in plants
Photosynthesis – Photo (light) + Synthesis (to combine)
Sunlight
Carbon dioxide + Water Carbohydrate + Oxygen
Chlorophyll
Raw materials for Photosynthesis
• Water and minerals
• Carbon dioxide
• Sunlight
• Chlorophyll

9. 1. Water and minerals :
2. Carbon dioxide
Water and minerals
Absorbed by the
root hairs of plants
Transported to the
various parts of
plants through
VESSELS
VESSELS are the long
tubes that runs through
out the plants and
transport water and
minerals
Carbon
Dioxide
Taken up by the
plant through
STOMATA STOMATA are the tiny
pores present on the
leaf surface surrounded
by GUARD CELLS

10. • 3. Sunlight :
Light That helps plants to Prepare their food
Energy
4. Chlorophyll :
Ohhhh !! That is why
the process is called
PHOTOsynthesis.
PHOTO means LIGHT
Wowww!!!
So Green you
are…
Who Are You?
I am the green color pigment
present in the leaves which gives
leaves its color and help it to trap
the sunlight so that it can prepare
the food

11. Then what about this?
It is not green in color.
How does it prepare its
food. No no!!! You are
mistaken….I have also
chlorophyll. But my
green color is masked
due to the presence of
some other pigment
like red and purple. But
I still can perform
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is an unique process that supplies food directly or indirectly for all
living organisms and also passes the energy of the sun to all organisms through
plants. It also maintain the balance between Oxygen and Carbon dioxide in
atmosphere.

12. CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
AIM : To show that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis
MARERIALS REQUIRED : A healthy potted plant, test tube, beaker, black paper strip,
watch glass, spirit(alcohol), iodine solution, bunsen burner, tripod stand
PROCEDURE : Take a potted plant and Keep it in a dark room for24 hours. Then take the
plant out from the dark room. Cover one leaf with the black paper strip and keep it again in
sunlight for another 24 hours. Pluck the stripped leaf from the plant and put it on a watch
glass then boil it in water followed by boiling in alcohol on bunsen burner. Then take out the
leaf from the test tube to a watch glass, remove the black strip and add few drop of iodine
solution to it.
OBSERVATION : The leaf turns blue black except the stripped potion.
CONCLUSION : This shows that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis as the starch portion
of the leaf turns blue black due to photosynthesis performed in the unstripped portion of leaf.

13. Product of Photosynthesis
1. Carbon
2. Oxygen
3. Hydrogen
4. Nitrogen
Carbohydrate
(Glucose)
Initial product of
Photosynthesis
Starch
Indicates the
occurrence of
Photosynthesis
Now, Where does this
NITROGEN come
from
Nitrogen is present in air that
plant cannot use it directly.
Some bacteria (Rhizobium)
convert gaseous nitrogen into
its usable and soluble form in
the soil so that root can uptake
it from soil

14. Other modes of nutrition in plants
1. Parasitic nutrition
Cuscuta Plant (Amarbel)
So clever this
plant is !!
Cuscuta – A yellowish thread like structure without
leaves
Grow on other living plant - HOST
Hence called PARASITE
Derive its nutrition from other living organisms and
causes harm to them
That results in poor growth of the host plant

15. 2. Insectivorous Plant
Pitcher Plant
Insectivorous plant feed on insects
The leaf of the pitcher plant gets
modified to form a pitcher with a lid
Pitcher Lid
Lined with
downward pointing
hair and secrets
digestive juice
Able to open
and close the
mouth of
pitcher
When any insect enters into the pitcher,
gets trapped inside it and digested by the
digestive juices and the plant derive
nutrition from it
POOR
INSECT !!!

16. 3. Saprotrophic Nutrition
Rhizopus (Bread Mould)
Agaricus
(Mushroom)
Derives Nutrition from dead
and decayed matter
Performs Extracellular
Digestion
Absorbs the digested food
directly into the body
EXTRCELLULAR
DIGESTION ???
The type of digestion in which The
food is being digested outside the
body and absorbed by the
organisms.

17. Hey!!!
I am back with
my doubt bank…
Why do the
Pitcher Plant Feed
on Insect. As these plants grow on swap areas and lack nitrogen in
soil, so it feeds on insects to fulfill its nitrogen requirement.
REMEMBER : Nitrogen is very important for plant growth
Dodder plant
derive its nutrition
from other plants.
How does it do so?
Dodder plant sucks its nutrition from the host
plant as it has sucking roots.
I saw some yellow
patches on the leaf of
variegated plant. What
does that indicate?
The yellow patches on the leaves indicates the
absence of chlorophyll in that portion where
photosynthesis doe not occur

18. CLASSROOM ACTIVITY
AIM : To observe the fungus bread mould in bread.
MATERIALS REQUIRED : A slice of bread, water, magnifying glass
PROCEDURE : Take a piece of bread and moisten it with water. Leave it
in a warm place for 2 – 3 days till fluffy patches appear on them.
Observe the patches under a magnifying glass or microscope. Cotton
like threads are seen on the bread.
OBSERVATION : Some black –white patches with cotton like threads are
observed.
CONCLUSION : The white patches are Bread mould (Rhizopus). Bread
mould is a saprotroph. Saprotrophs get their food from dead and
decaying organic matterhttps://youtu.be/TUOUE3YLVuQ

19. 3. Symbiotic Relationship : A relationship in which two organisms live in a
close association and develop a relationship that is beneficial to both.
LICHEN
Simple !!! It has Chlorophyll
A close
association
between
An Alga
A Fungus
Prepares food by
photosynthesis
Absorbs water and
provide shelter
Yes I have seen
LICHEN – they
are found on the
bark of tree as
grey patches
But I have a
doubt…How this
Alga can prepare
food ?

20. LEGUMINOUS PLANT WITH
ROOT NODULES
A close
association
between
A Bacterium
(Rhizobium
Root of
Leguminous
Plant
Fixes Atmospheric
Nitrogen and make it
available in the soil in
its usable and soluble
form
Provides food and
Shelter to the
Bacterium
WoW!! This Bacteria
are so helpful…
Thank you Rhizobium

21. REPLENISHMENT OF SOIL
REPLENISHING
THE SOIL
WHAT
HOW
WHY
To enrich the
soil with
different types
of nutrients
Process of
giving the lost
nutrients from
the soil 1. Decomposition of dead parts of the
organisms
2. Bacteria like Rhizobium
3. Adding Manures and Fertilizers

22. WAYS OF
REPLENISHING
THE SOIL
Decomposition
of dead parts of
the organisms
Adding
Manures and
Fertilizers
Bacteria like
Rhizobium
Decomposition of dead plant
parts add give the nutrients back
to soil that is up taken by the
plants from the soil
Manures and
fertilizers contain
one or more of the
nutrients that plants
need to grow
Fixes the
atmospheric
nitrogen and make it
available for the
plants in the soil in
its usable form

23. ART INTEGRATED SCIENCE
PARTS OF LEAF – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION DURING
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

24. ART INTEGRATED SCIENCE
CYCLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TREE DIAGRAM SHOWING NUTRIENT
CYCLE -REPLENISHING THE SOIL

25. CONCEPT MAP ON NUTRITION IN PLANTS
NUTRITION IN PLANTS
PLANTS NUTRITION
Autotrophs
Can synthesize their food
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Process of making food in plants
Products
Essential
requirements
Substances
Used
Minerals
Carbon
Dioxide
Water
Chlorophyll
Sunlight
Oxygen
Carbohydrates
Utilized by
organisms
for survival
MODES OF NUTRITION
Other modes
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
All the Green
Plants
Can prepare their
own food
Animals, non-
green plant, fungi
Obtain food from
other organisms
Symbiotic
Insectivores
Saprotrophs
Parasites

26. LEARNING OUTCOMES
Learners now able to :
• Differentiate between different modes of nutrition .
• Cite example for different modes of nutrition.
• State and Explain the equation of Photosynthesis.
• Elaborate the role of sunlight and chlorophyll in the process of Photosynthesis
• Point out the way of taking water and Carbon dioxide into the leaf.
• Define stomata along with its role.
• Compare different types of heterotrophic nutrition.
• Realize the role of microorganisms in soil.
• Understand the symbiotic relationship in lichen and Leguminous plants
• Understand the process of extracellular digestion in saprotrophs.
• Identify the formation of bread mould and the condition required for its growth.
• Identify the structure of bread mould and recognize its parts.
• Define keywords like parasite and host.

27. WORKSHEET –I (BASIC)
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS [1 MARK EACH]
1. Green plants are called ___________ since they synthesize their own food.
2. The food synthesized by the plants is stored as _______________.
3. In photo synthesis solar energy is captured by the pigment called _________.
4. During photo synthesis plants take __________ and release __________.
5. Farmers enrich the soil by adding ___________ and _____________.
6. Plants ate unable to use atmospheric ______________.
7. During photosynthesis, ____________ energy is captured by the leaves and stored as food.
8. The food factories factories of the autotrophic plants are their______________.
9. ____________ is an organism which shows both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
10. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plant through an opening called _____________.
11. Rhizobium bacteria lives in the roots of ______________.
12. The tube like structure that transport the food in plants are called ______________.
13. Light energy is converted to chemical energy during the process of ______________.
14. Carbohydrate is made up of ____________, ______________ and _______________.

28. 15. The initial product of carbohydrate is _______________.
16. The Parasitic plant has ___________ type of roots.
17. Some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients. This is called ______________.
18. The organism on which a parasite grows is called ________________.
19. In insectivorous plants the leaf is modified in to a _________________.
20. The process of obtaining and utilizing food is called ______________.
21. Leguminous plant Fix the nitrogen by forming ________________.
22. . _____________ is used to test the presence of starch.
23. The tiny pores on leaves are surrounded by ______________.
24. An essential raw material needed for the process of photosynthesis, available in the atmosphere is _____________.
25. ____________ energy is ultimate source of energy.
B. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION [1 MARK EACH]
26. Lichen is a close association between
(a) A bacterium and an algae (b) A bacterium and Fungus (c) A fungus and an algae (d) A fungus and Parasite
27. Amarbel is an example of;
(a) Host (b) Parasite (c) Symbiont (d) Saprotroph

29. 28. Which of the following statement is not true?
(a) Heterotrophs cannot prepare their own food.
(b) Dodder is an example of parasite.
(c) Saprophytes care green.
(d) Pulses and Beans are legumes.
29. Iodine used to detect presence of starch. It gives starch;
(a) red color (b) green color (c) blue-black color (d) colorless appearance
30. Which of the following is not an end product of photosynthesis?
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Water (d) Glucose
31. Which of the following organisms gets its food from dead and decaying matter?
(a) Algae (b) Amoeba (c) Fungi (d) Insectivorous plants
32. Photosynthesis is not possible in the absence of ,
(a) Guard cells (b) Vacuole (c) Space between the cells (d) Chlorophyll

30. WORKSHEET –II (STANDARD)
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
1. Differentiate between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs. with example(s). [2]
2. Explain the role of Chlorophyll in the process of Photosynthesis. [2]
3. Define Photosynthesis along with equation for the same. [2]
4. There are some yellow patches found on some variegated leaves. Give reason. [2]
5. Some plants feed on insect. Why? [2]
6. Name the Products of photosynthesis. [2]
7. Name the raw materials required for photosynthesis. [2]
8. Manures and Fertilizers are added to enrich the soil. Justify the statement. [2]
9. Define extracellular digestion. Name the Group of organisms performing such type of digestion. [2]
10. Mention the role of Leguminous plants in replenishing the soil Fertility. [3]
11. Show with a help of a sketch that plants are the ultimate source of energy. [3]
12. Write down the way of transportation of water and mineral in plant body. [3]
13. Point out the way of availability of nitrogen in soil. [3]
14. Whether food is made in all parts of a plant or only in certain parts? Explain. [3]
15. Explain, how Decomposition of Dead plant part helps in replenishing the soil. [3]
16. Define Lichen. It is considered as a symbiotic relationship. Justify. [3]

31. 17. Explain the different types of heterotrohic modes of nutrition with examples. [3]
18. Dodder plant is considered as a parasitic plant. Justify. [3]
19. Mention and explain various method of replenishing the soil. [3]
20. Explain the process of Saprotrophic nutrition in bread mould. [3]

32. WORKSHEET –III (ADVANCED )
1. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. But farmers who cultivate pulsed as crops like green gram,
bengal gram, black gram etc., do not apply nitrogen fertilizers during cultivation. Justify the statement. [2]
2. Pooja is worried about her new shoes which she wore on special occasions that they were spoiled by fungus
during rainy season. Is she right to worry, if yes then tell why does fungi suddenly appears during the rainy
season. [2]
3. If a few leaves of a potted plant are coated with a thin layer of vaseline or oil, what effect would it have on
leaves? [2]
4. A herbivore animal eats away all the leaves of a small plant. However, in a few days, new leaves could be seen
sprouting in the plant again. How did the plant survive without leaves? [2]
5. Heterotroph animlals eats both plants and animals . Why? [2]
6. Wild animals like tiger, wolf, lion, and leopard do not eat plants. Does this mean that they can survive without
plants. Provide a suitable explanation. [3]
7. If we provide carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to a person, can he make food like plants. Justify your
answer. [3]
8. Wheat dough if left in the open, after few days, starts to emit a foul smell and become unfit for use. Give
reason. [3]
9. Potato and Ginger are both underground parts that store food. Where is the food prepared in these plants.
[3]
10. “Both deer and Lion depend on plants.” Explain the statement. [3]

33. MODEL QUESTION PAPER
Class – VII F.M.- 25
Sub – Science Time – 45 minutes
General Instruction :
• All questions are compulsory.
• Question paper consists of 12 questions.
• Question no. 1 – 5 is MCQs Type carrying 1 mark each
• Question no. 6 – 8 and 9-11 are Short Answer Type Questions carrying 2marks and 3 marks respectively.
• Question no.12 is Long Answer Type Question carrying 5 mark.
1. Which of the following is a parasite ?
(a) Mushroom (b) Dodder (c) Rhizobium (d) Pitcher plant
2. The gas that is released by the plants in the process of Photosynthesis is –
(a) Oxygen (b) Nitrogen (c) Carbon dioxide (d) Hydrogen
3. The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from simpler substances is called –
(a) Saprotrophic Nutrition (b) Parasitic nutrition (c) Autotrophic Nutrition (d) Holozoic Nutrition

34. • 4. Rhizobium bacteria fixes nitrogen in which part of the leguminous Plant-
(a) Root (b) Stem (c) Leaves (d) Flower
5. The Raw material used for Photosynthesis are –
(a) Carbon dioxide and water (b) Water and Oxygen (c) Carbon dioxide and Oxygen (d) Oxygen and
Nitrogen
6. Some plants have deep red, violet or brow coloured leaves. Can these leaves perform photosynthesis ?
Justify your Answer.
7. Differentiate between Saprotroph and Parasite with one example each.
8. Mention the Role of Stomata in leaves. Also Write down its regulation.
9. Point out the importance of Photosynthesis for living world. (3 points)
10. In what unique manner Pitcher plant derives its nutrition.
11. Elaborate Symbiotic Relationship with one example.
12. (a) Define Replenishment of soil.
(b) State the reason that why, the soil needs to be replenished.
(c) Mention and explain various method of replenishing the soil.

35. MARKING SCHEME
SL.
NO.
ANSWER KEY / VALUE POINTS MARKS
ALLOTED
1 (b) Dodder 1
2 (a) Oxygen 1
3 (c) Autotrophic Nutrition 1
4 (a) Root 1
5 (a)Carbon dioxide and water 1
6 Yes, plants having deep red, violet or brown color leaves can also carry out photosynthesis
because they contain chlorophyll but their green color of chlorophyll is masked by a large
amount of all other colored pigments.
2
7 Saprotroph
The organisms those who derive their
nutrition from dead and decayed matter are
called saprotrophs.
Ex - Mushroom
Parasite
The organisms those who derive their
nutrition from other living organisms and
harm them are called Parasites.
Ex - Dodder
2

36. SL.
NO.
ANSWER KEY / VALUE POINTS MARKS
ALLOTED
8 Stomata are the tiny pores present on the leaf surface and responsible for gaseous exchange i.e. it
allows the Carbon dioxide to move into the leaf Oxygen to move out of the leaf during
Photosynthesis. It is regulated by Guard cells.
1+1=2
9 (a) Being the autotrophs plants manufactures food for the living world.
(b) It maintains a balance between Carbon dioxide and Oxygen in atmosphere
(c) It is important for the existence of life on earth.
1+1+1=
3
10 Pitcher plant has a leaf modified into a pitcher with a lid which can open and close. The pitcher has
downward pointing hair and it also secrets digestive juices in it. When the prey enter into the pitcher,
gets trapped in it an digested by the digestive juice present in the pitcher.
3
11 A relationship in which two organisms live in a close association and develop a relationship that is
beneficial to both.
Lichen : Association between an alga (That prepares food) and fungus (that provides shelter)
1+2=3
12 (a) Process of enriching the soil with the lost nutrients
(b) Due to continuous use of nutrients by the plants for their growth causes lack of nutrients in soil
(c) Decomposition of dead part of plants, Adding manures and fertilizers, with the help of Rhizobium
1+1+3=
5

37. THANK YOU