The clinical cases in livestocks and giving the medicine by prescriptions or free from prescription, must be carefully. The residues of the drug on beef will be hazardous to human who are consumption of the beef.

1. THE MEDICINE, THE
DISEASES AND
THERAPEUTICS
ACTIVITIES FOR
VETERINARIAN
Principles the doctor for giving
profesional treatment :
• PRIMUM NON NOCERE
Principles using the medicine for
treatments :
• LOGIC AND RESPONSIBILITIES
(Don't using principles : RASIONAL)
Principles therapeutics :
• CITO TUTO CURARE et JUCUNDE
FOR CLINICAL
SUBJECT : BEEF
CATTLE

2. THE MEANING FOR SLIDE 1 MUST BE LEARNING AT
:

3. Other sources for learning :
1. https://mooc.unair.ac.id/enrol/index.php?id=11
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FS9Q3nPHR9E&t=75s
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj8eB4CYVd4&t=65s
4. https://www.slideshare.net/ProfMochamadLazuardi/veterinary-pharmacy-
tx-vet
5. https://www.slideshare.net/ProfMochamadLazuardi/dasardasar-veteriner
6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323571497_E-_Vet_Prescription
7. Merck Veterinary Manual 2017
8. Martindale, 2017

4. THE USUAL CLINICAL CASES IN CATTLE BEEF
Topical cases
• Ectoparasite (Tick Infestation)
• Abcess super infections
• Vulnus acute and chronic
• Dermatophytosis
Systemic
• GIT : - Tymphani and Colic
- The worms invasion and
Protozoa (Coccida
species), Other corpora
aliena in GIT
- Intoxication after grassing
• Infection by bacteria and virus,
and other blood parasites

5. Other systemic clinical cases
• Screwworms in livestock :Larvae of the blow fly (Cochliomya
hominivorax)
• Trypanosomiasis in cattle beef because intermadiate host of fly
(Tsetse fly)
• Babesiosis in cattle by the protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia,
order Piroplasmida, phylum Apicomplexa.
• Anaplasmosis is a vector-borne, infectious blood disease in cattle
caused by the rickesttsial parasites Anaplasma marginale and
Anaplasma centrale. It is also known as yellow-bag or yellow-fever.
This parasite infects the red blood cells and causes severe anemia.

6. Other clinical cases in Cattle
• Hypocalcemia in cattle after partus
• Infection Bronchopneumonia chronis
• Infection by bactery in reproduction organ (brocellosis)
• Infection virus Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (Ingus jahat)
• Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-
shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis. Although it is rare,
people can get sick with anthrax if they come in contact with infected
animals or contaminated animal products.

7. Topical treatments
Pulvis adspersorius
Easilyattachestomovable
skinandskinwithouthair
Drug dispensing form
Dusting powder
Cream, Unguentum
Pasta
Aerosol
Solutio by dipping, or by spray
Suspension by Dipping or Spray

8. Acaricyde, anti-mycotic and antibiotic, repellent ,
protective of the skin
• Pulvis adspersorius : for exampes Pulvis Carbamate 2 % for acaricyde
• Dusting powder : - for examples Slicylic acid powder for antimycotic
- for examples Neomycine sulfate powder 2-4 % for
antibiotic
• Unguentum : For examples for anti-mycotic and repellent Ung 2-4,
Ung 3-5 and ung 5-10
• Cream : For protective of the skin All purpose cream
• Pasta : Pasta lasaris cum Tetracycline 2-4% for antibiotic activities
• Aerosol : Gusanex® as a patent product for ectoparacyde (Myasis)
• Solutio : Rivanoli, Alcohol 70 % or Povidone Iodine (Betadine®), Sol KMNO4
0.5 mg/L and Boorwater for antiseptic desinfectan

9. Systemic cases :
Onset of action vs. Drug Dispesing Form
Onsetofaction
Drug dispensing form
Tablet, caplet, dragee, coated tablet briquete, bolus, granulae
Pulveres, Pulvis ad usum internum, Oral pasta
Capsule, Suppositoria
Suspension, oral jelly
Solutio, Saturatio, Aerosol
Parenteral ekstr- vascular
Parenteral intra-vascular

10. Systemic cases : Risk of residues of the vet drugRiskofresidues
Drug dispensing form
Rute of Adminstration Oral : Tablet, Film
Coated Tablet, Lozenges tablet, Caplet,
Granulae, Suppositoria, Pilulae, Briquete, Block ,
Pulveres, Pulvis, Suspension, Oral pasta
Rute of Administration : Intra-vascular
and Extra-vascular

11. Risk of Residues
RiskofResidues
Molecular profile of active substances by
phisical characteristic
Lipo phobiic for physical molecular characterized
Hydro phobic for physical molecular characterized
Hydro phylic for physical molecular characterized
Lipo phylic for physical molecular characterized

12. Good keeping for quality Remedium CardinaleRiskofMolecularoccursunstable
Drug dispensing form
Tablet, Film Coated tablet, granula, Caplet, Pilulae,
Suppositoria, Briquete and Block
Pulvis ad ususm internum, Pulveres,
Suspension, Gelly, oral pasta
Solutio, Saturatio, Injection solutio, Mixtura,
aerosol

13. Examples of drug ingredients are not stable
1. Change color, change smell
2. If the injection in the solution solution there will be sediment
3. If the tablet or tabulae comprasae preparation will easily be
destroyed
4. If the tablet dosage form takes more than 15 minutes or does not
meet pharmacopoeia requirements
5. If the Aerosol dosage form, the exit speed of the piston will be
different from the existing provisions

14. B-COMPLEX IN BEEF CATTLE
• B-vitamin complex : thiamin, biotin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid,
pyridoxine, folic acid, vitamin B12 and choline. Once the rumen becomes
functional, bacterial synthesis is considered to supply the normal requirement
of cattle for B-vitamins. Milk is a source of B-vitamins for the calf.
• The lack of a trace mineral, cobalt, can result in a vitamin B12 deficiency in
cattle. This is because cobalt is a part of the vitamin B12 compound and is
essential for rumen bacteria to manufacture this vitamin.
• Choline supplementation of rations for fattening cattle has appeared to
increase performance in Washington State trials, but has not been effective in
most other areas of the United States.

15. To keep the medicine from being damaged it must
be done :
• Must comply with the provisions of the drug usage instructions
• Avoid the conditions of high room temperature or the presence of
sunlight
• If homogenization is needed, shake the action before using it
• If the dosage form is in a tube then simply open the tube cover so the
drug will come out by itself unless it cannot come out
• If the dosage form in the drench, it is necessary to do the shaking
before using it
• If the dosage form drops then the dropper must be perfect because
the error is a little pressing, the dose will be large

16. Examples injection bad conditions
Change the color

17. Tablet with bad condition
Surface area spot
color

18. • Using for large animal as a beef cattle : Injection product
• Warning : Cattle with hyper sensitive Thiamine
• Injection of B complex very irritant and must be local anasthesi
Compositions each mL :
Thiamin HCl (B1) 12.5 mg
Riboflavin (B2) (as Riboflavin 5’-Phosphate
Sodium)
2.0 mg
Niacinamide 12.5 mg
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (B6) 5.0 mg
d-Panthenol 5.0 mg
Cyanocobalamine B12 5.0 μg

19. Dosage and Administration
Inject intramuscularly. May be administered subcutaneously
The following are suggested dosages, depending on the condition of the animal
and the desired response.
Adult Cattle- 1 to 2 mL per 45,3592 kg body weight.
Calves, 5 mL per 45,3592 kg of body weight.
May be repeated daily, if indicated.
The injection flacon or vials :
Store at controlled room temperature between 15° and 30°C (59°-86°F).
Protect from light (Vials bottle in actinis)

20. SULPIDON® IN BEEF CATTLE
• The composition consists of
Dypiron and Lidocaine
• Dypiron was a C13H16N3NaO4S
• Dipyrone is a non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID),
commonly used in the past as a
powerful painkiller and fever
reducer

21. • Mechanism action of Dipyrone (metamizole) is thought to be similar
to that of other NSAIDs: inhibition of the production of
prostaglandins. It commonly is used in the large animal as an
antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory.
• Dipyrone Side Effects : The most-common side effect for dipyrone is
injection-site reactions. These reactions usually irritation
• Prolonged use of dipyrone may cause bone-marrow suppression
(leukopenia, agranulocytosis). Animals receiving prolonged courses of
dipyrone should be followed with regular CBCs.

22. • Precautions
• Although dipyrone is a very mild NSAID, these types of drugs should be avoided or very
carefully monitored in animals with liver disease, kidney disease or GI problems. Therapy
should be stopped at the first sign of any adverse reaction such as anorexiaoral ulcers,
depression, decreased plasma protein, increased creatinine, anemia or leukopenia.
• Dipyrone should be given slowly when used intravenously. Rapid administration may
cause seizures.
• Dipyrone should be used with caution in older or debilitated animals particularly those
with cardiac disease.
• Dipyrone should not be used in large animals with a history of blood or bone marrow
abnormalities.
• Dipyrone once was considered a "masking drug" in racehorses. If used in racehorses,
inquiry should be made with the individual racing jurisdiction regarding withdrawal
periods. Older information suggests a five-day withdrawal period.

23. Drug Interactions
• Dipyrone should not be used concurrently with chlorpromazine due
to potentially serious hypothermia.
• Dipyrone should not be used in conjunction with phenylbutazone or
barbiturates.
Overdose :
• Convulsions have been reported following acute overdose.

24. • Injection formula very irritation
• In the form of injection very sick at the injection site lidocaine 2 %
added
• Sulpidon in 2 ml contains 250 mg dipyrone and 2% lidocaine
• Sulpidon by product at 20 mL, 50 mL, 100 mL at vial and flacon
• Withdrawal time in milk of cattle was consumption after 2 day post
therapy
• Dose of Sulpidon 10-20 ml each 200-400 kg body weight
• Route of administration by intra muscular or subcutan.

25. Albendazole pasta®
• Albendazole, also known as albendazolum, is a medication used for the
treatment of a variety of parasitic worm infestations.It is useful for giardiasis,
trichuriasis, filariasis, neurocysticercosis, hydatid disease, pinworm disease,
and ascariasis, among others.It is taken by mouth.
• Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pains, and headaches.
Potentially serious side effects include bone marrow suppression which
usually improves on stopping the medication. Liver inflammation has been
reported and those with prior liver problems are at greater risk.
• It is large animal with pregnan category, it may cause harm if taken by
pregnant large animal. Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent
of the benzimidazole type.
• Albendazole was developed in 1975.It is on human drug List as an Essential
Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a human health
system.

26. Pasta
• Pasta is a semi solid dosage form with a composition of 60%
containing solid ingredients and 40% is fat or oil.
• The solid ingredient is :
- Zn. Oxydum
- Mg Carbonat
- Talcum purifyed
- Kaolin
- Aluminium stearat
- Yeast dry powder

27. Oral pasta
• Oral pasta is semi solid preparation with one or more then one
compound that are criterium oral pasta as described by
pharmacopoeia
• Oral pasta is systemic ingredient by route of administration by oral
• Oral pasta : exampes Albendazole pasta, Bephenium oral pasta
containing Bephenium hydroxy naphtate 56 %
• The container of oral pasta is tube, or syring

28. Albendazole is an effective treatment for:
Flatworms
• Fasciolosis
• Cestodes (tapeworms), as an alternative to praziquantel or niclosamide for
adult beef tape worms (Taenia saginata) and as an alternative to praziquantel
for pork tapeworms (T. solium).It is also given for infections by T.
crassiceps.Though praziquantel is often better at treating tapeworm
infections, albendazole is used more often in endemic countries due to being
cheaper and having a broader spectrum.
• Cysticercosis[ (especially neurocysticercosis), which is caused by the larval
form of the pork tapeworm (i.e. albendazole is the drug of choice for larval
pork tapeworms, but not adult pork tapeworms). Old cysts are not affected.

29. Nematodes
• Ascariasis, which can be cured with a single dose of albendazole.
• Baylisascariasis, caused by the raccoon roundworm. Corticosteroids
are sometimes added in cases of eye and CNS infections.
• Enterobiasis (pinworm infection)
• Filariasis; since albendazole's disintegration of the microfilarie ("pre-
larva") can cause an allergic reaction, antihistamines or
corticosteroids are sometimes added to treatment.
• In cases of lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) caused by Wuchereria
bancrofti or Brugia malayi, albendazole is sometimes given as an
adjunct to ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine in order to suppress
microfilaremia. It can also be given for loa loa filariasis as an adjunct
or replacement to diethylcarbamazine.

30. • Albendazole has an embryotoxic effect on Loa loa adults and thus
slowly reduces microfilaremia.
• Gnathostomiasis when caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum.
Albendazole has a similar effectiveness to ivermectin in these cases,
though it needs to be given for 21 days rather than the 2 days needed
for ivermectin.
• Gongylonemiasis
• Hookworm infections,including cutaneous larva migrans caused by
hookworms in the genus Ancylostoma. A single dose of albendazole is
sufficient to treat intestinal infestations by A. duodenale or Necator
americanus

31. • Intestinal capillariasis, as an alternative to mebendazole
• Mansonelliasis when caused by Mansonella perstans. Albendazole
works against the adult worms but not against the younger
microfilariae.
• Oesophagostomumiasis, when caused by Oesophagostomum
bifurcum
• Strongyloidiasis, as an alternative to ivermectin or thiabendazole.
Albendazole can be given with diethylcarbamazine to lower
microfilaremia levels.
• Toxocariasis, also called "visceral larva migrans", when caused by the
dog roundworm Toxocara canis or cat roundworm T. catis.
Corticosteroids can be added in severe cases, and surgery might be
required to repair secondary damage.

32. • Trichinosis, when caused by Trichinella spiralis or T. pseudospiralis.
Albendazole has a similar efficacy to thiabendazole, but fewer side
effects. It works best when given early, acting on the adult worms in
the intestine before they generate larva that can penetrate the
muscle and cause a more widespread infection. Corticosteroids are
sometimes added on to prevent inflammation caused by dying larva.
• Trichostrongyliasis, as an alternative to pyrantel pamoate.A single
dose is sufficient for treatment.
• Trichuriasis (whipworm infection), sometimes considered as an
alternative to mebendazole and sometimes considered to be the drug
of choice. Only a single dose of albendazole is needed.It can also be
given with ivermectin.

33. • Giardiasis, as an alternative or adjunct to metronidazole, especially in calves
(young beef cattle)
• Microsporidiosis, including ocular microsporidiosis caused by Encephalitozoon
hellem or E. cuniculi, when combined with topical fumagillin
• Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, when caused by the ameba Balamuthia
mandrillaris, in combination with miltefosine and fluconazole
• Contra indication :
• Hypersensitivity to the benzimidazole class of compounds contraindicates its
use
Side effect and contra indication of albendazole
and Dose-Route of administration

34. • Side effects can be different when treating for hydatid disease versus
neurocysticercosis; for example, those being treated for the former
are more likely to experience elevated liver enzymes and abdominal
pain; those being treated for the latter are more likely to experience
headache.
• Treating hydatid disease can also unmask undiagnosed
neurocysticercosis. Animal receiving albendazole for the treatment of
neurocysticercosis can have neurological side effects such as seizures,
increased intracranial pressure, and focal signs caused by the
inflammatory reaction that occurs when parasites in the brain are
killed.
• Steroids and anticonvulsants are often given with albendazole when
treating neurocysticercosis to avoid these effects.

35. • Elevation of liver enzymes occur in 16% of animal receiving treatment
specifically for hydatid disease and goes away when treatment ends.
• The liver enzymes normally increase to two to four times the normal levels
(a mild to moderate increase).
• The headache, nausea, and vomiting are thought to be caused by the
sudden destruction of cysticerci (tapeworm larvae), which causes acute
inflammation.
• Dose and route of administration :
Albendazole pasta 4% (40 mg/ sachet 25 g)
Albendazole 16 % (160 mg/ sachet 25 g)
• Withdrawal time : 10 days
• Beef cattle 1 sachet (25 g) albendazole 16 % pasta / 400 g body weight with
feed or drench

36. Alben-125® and Lagantor®
Alben-125®
• Containing albendazole 125 mg/mL
• Cattle with 25 kg body weight giving the medicine each 2 mL
• Drug dispensing form : Oral Suspension
Lagantor® :
• Oral suspension
• Containing albendazole (drenching or dispense gun) 7,5 ml
each 100 kg body weight (if without faciola hepatica)
• 70 ml/100 kg body weight (if by faciola hepatica)

37. Kloksan = solutio dispensing form
• Anthelmintic :
- Broad spectrum
- Injection dispensing form
• Containing closantel 1 ml/200 mg closantel
• Closantel (C22H14Cl2I2N2O2), is the Salicylanilid derivate plus halogen
compounds.
• For human drugs (extra labels) is compunds with dangeraous
because toxic for human

38. History of Closantel
• Salicylanilid by synthesis and added with phenol for make the new
product as follows:
(1) Niclosamida, (2) Teranol, (3) Oxyclozanide, (4) Brotianide,
(5) Hilamide, (6) Rafoxanide, (7) Clioxanide, (8) Closantel
• Point 1 to 8 are killing for tape worm and faciola hepatica
• The Closantel is producing as a veterinary drugs esspecially in large
animal Point 1 to 7 is development for human anthelmintics.
• Niclosamide combination by Tetramisol is potency for anthelmintic
human and producing namely Niclomisol-O. Some day that product is
producing for veterinarian.

39. Closantel
• Effective for : - Haemonchus species,
- Faciola hepatica
- Blood feeding parasites
• Contra indication:
• In hypersensitive patient the drug will be against to neuron eyes
esspecially in young of the age and will be produced
neurodegeneration of the eyes neuron. Clinical cases in large animal
(horses) is making produce retina lesion and following to loss photo
receptor layer.
• Tho closantel is producing in injection as a solution.

40. Dose and route of administration of Kloksan
• Kloksan in injection product containing 200 mg closantel each mL
Kloksan.
• Regiment dose for : cattle : 100-125 mg/kg body weight
• Regimen dose for horse 200-300 mg/kg body weight

41. Vetoxy®
• The vetoxy is produce injection product
• The vetoxy is containing oxytetracycline and lidocaine 2 %.
• Vetoxy each 5 ml containing Oxytetracyline HCl 50 mg or 100 mg
• Oxytetracycline is broad spectrum anti biotics and usefully for coccus
bacterial.
• The oxytetracycline is also use fully for

42. • Oxytetracycline works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to
produce essential proteins. Without these proteins, the bacteria
cannot grow, multiply and increase in numbers. Oxytetracycline
therefore stops the spread of the infection and the remaining bacteria
are killed by the immune system or eventually die.
• Oxytetracycline is still used to treat infections caused by Chlamydia
(e.g., the chest infection psittacosis, the eye infection trachoma, and
the genital infection urethritis) and infections caused by Mycoplasma
organisms (e.g., pneumonia).

43. • Oxytetracycline is also used to treat in pet animal for acne, due to its
activity against the bacteria on the skin that influence the
development of acne (Cutibacterium acnes).
• It is used to treat flare-ups of chronic bronchitis, due to its activity
against the bacteria usually responsible, Haemophilus influenzae.
Oxytetracycline may also be used to treat other rarer infections, such
as those caused by a group of micro-organisms called rickettsiae (e.g.,
Rocky Mountain spotted fever).
• To make sure the bacteria causing an infection are susceptible to it, a
tissue sample is usually taken, for example a swab from the infected
area, or a urine or blood sample.

44. Dose for vetoxy
• For large animal 1 ml of Veteoxy
100 mg for cattle in 10 kg body
weight
• The route of administration is
intra musculair
• Withdrawal time is 30 days after
injection

45. Collibact®
• Collibact is injection product for agains to bacterial. The compound is
two compound (Sulfadiazin and Trimethoprim)
• Sulfadiazine as an antibacterial was using since 1950
• Trimethoprim as an antibacterial was using start in 1980
• That combination is potency for treatment high infection by injection
(solution)
• The 1 mL of Collibact containing Sulfa diazine 200 mg ad
Trimethoprim 40 mg

46. Dose and route of administration for collibact
• Beef cattle 180-200 kg body weight must be injection about 6.25 to
12.5 ml of Collibact
• The product of Collibact is vials at 20 mL, 50 mL and 100 mL
• Treatment is repeated every 24 hours
• Route of administration : Intra musculair or subcutan
• The withdrawal time is 96 hours or 3 days

47. Ivomec®
• Ivomec is ivermectin 1 % and producing in injection to intra muscular
steril solution
• 1 mL of Ivomec is 10 mg of ivermectin
• The ivermectin is a member of the macrocyclic-lactone class of
endectocide dewormers.
• The dose for beef cattle 1 ml ivomec for 0.453 kg body weight
• The withdrawal time Ivomec is more than 50 days.
• Ivermectin is anthelmintic for cattle and useffully for Strongylus
species and onchocerca species and also Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia
malayi, and Brugia timori.

48. • Ivermectin is a broad spectrum antihelmintic as well as
ectoparasiticide that belongs to Avermectin class.
• It acts by binding GABA-gated chloride and invertebrates specific
glutamated-gated anion channel in peripheral neuromuscular
synapses, suppressing conduction of nerve impulse
• The bioavailability of ivermectin is highest with SC route with overall
higher bioavailability in plasma with longer duration of action and
better efficacy compared to oral route.
• Also intraruminal administration of ivermectin in cattle revealed that
the bioavailability was 26% of that following SC administration.
• Lower absorption of Ivermectin by oral route could be influenced by
P-glycoprotein which is also present in intestinal epithelium leading to
comparatively less bioavailability.

49. • Contra indication : Cattle pregnant must be cerefully because can be
abortus.
• Side effect : ivermectin toxicosis observed in animals are mydriasis
and depression followed by ataxia, recumbency and death.
Ivermectin toxicity is characterized by GABA mediated cholinergic
effects leading to symptoms like salivation, difficulty in breathing,
diarrhea and ataxia in calves .

50. Alcohol and Iodine
• The alcohol is R-OH with strenght at 70 % as a desinfectantia or anty
micotic
• The alcohol have a potency as a anti-septic and usefully for
sterilization.
• The absolute alcohol is 90% and don't use as a desinfectant or anti-
septic.
• Iodine is antiseptic and desinfectant substance esspecially in 10 %.
• The iodine is ussually reaction by other compound namely Povidon.
• The povidone-Iodine 10% is producing like Betadine®

51. The Stand Operation Procedure using :
Vit B Complex, Sulpidon, Albendazol pasta, Lagantor, Klosan,
vetoxy, Collibact, Ivomec, alcohol-iodine
• Vit B complex injection is order by prescription of veterinarian but
oral Vit B Complex is free from prescription.
• Sulpidon, Albendazole pasta, Lagantor, Klosan, Vetoxy, Collybact and
Ivomec : Must be order by prescription and always controlling for
elimination of the drug using withdrawal equation of the drug
• Esspecially Sulpidon, Vetoxy and Collibact : must be giving by
Veterinary Doctor
• Other product as Albendazol pasta, Lagantor, Klosan, Ivomec : can be
use by supervision by Veterinary doctor
• Alcohol and Povidon Iodine : Free from prescription

52. The alternative of Herbal medicine
• Did not much alternative anti bacterial for herbal medicine but Pliuk
Plant from Aceh can be usefully for anti bacteri
• Anthelmintic from Herbal Medicine : Not clearly but Benalu duku
Leaves extracted by ethanol at consentration 10 % can be usefully for
larvae of the worm.

53. Equation the calculate withdrawal time
T½β x (Ln R x Dose - Ln C lim)
• Equation =---------------------------------------------- X Safety factor
Ln 2
T1/2β = Elimination half live
R = Acumulation factor = 1,306
Dose = Amount ingestion of the drug
C Lim = Limit of detection instrument analysis
Safety factor = 1 X or 2 x dst
Ln = anti log

54. The value of equation :
• Elimination half live in cattle = 0.001 second
• T1/2 β = 0,693/β = 693 second-1
• C Lim = 0.001 to 0.01
• Safety factor = 0.5x ; 1x; 2x; 3x etc

55. Thank You