Self-describing nature of a database system. Insulation between programs and data, and data abstraction. Support of multiple views of the data. Sharing of data and multiuser transaction processing.

1. TOPIC NAME:
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS

2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATABASE
SYSTEMS:
• TO DISCUSS THE LEGACY OF DATABASE, FIRST LEARN THE CONCEPT OF
DATABASE THAT WHAT IS DATABASE?
• ` WHY WE USE IT?
• WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF USING IT?

3. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATABASE
SYSTEMS:
• SO THE DATABASE IS JUST LIKE YOUR DIARY WHERE YOU CAN TYPE YOUR DATA,
SAVE YOUR DATA, ARRANGE IT AND WHENEVER YOU NEED IT YOU CAN GET ANY
KIND OF INFORMATION (STORED IN THE DOCUMENT) INFORMATION FROM IT.
FOR EXAMPLE:
YOUR MOBILE PHONE ARE ALSO JUST LIKE A DATABASE.

4. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATABASE
SYSTEMS:
• NOW UNDERSTAND WHY WE USE IT?
• WHAT ARE THE REASONS BEHIND IT THAT WE USE IT?
• WE USE THE DATABASE BECAUSE IT IS THE WAY TO SAVE, UPDATE AND RETRIEVE
THE DATA AUTOMATICALLY.
• AS THE WORLD IS NOW BECOME GLOBAL VILLAGE THEREFORE USE OF DATABASE
IS VERY COMMON.

5. ADVANTAGES:
FOLLOWING ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASE:
• IT IS THE EASIEST WAY OF STORING DATA.
• THE DATA CAN BE USE FURTHER IN FUTURE.
• IT SAVES THE TIME.

6. DATABASE TYPES:
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF DATABASE SYSTEMS:
• FLAT FILES DATABASE
• HIERARCHY DATABASE
• NETWORK DATABASE

7. FLAT FILES DATABASE:
• IN THIS TYPE OF DATABASE, DATA IS STORED IN THE FORM OF HORIZONTAL
ROWS.
• THE HORIZONTAL RECORDS SHOW A RECORD.
• EACH RECORD HAS A SPECIFIC DATA.
• THIS TYPE OF DATABASE IS GENERALLY USED IN GROCERY STORES.
• THE DISADVANTAGE OF USING THIS TYPE OF DATABASE IS THAT IN WHICH THE
DATA IS STORED WITH THE SAME AND WHEN YOU RETRIEVE THE INFORMATION,
IT IS DIFFICULT FOR COMPUTER TO FIND OUT THE EXACT DATA AND THERE IS A
POSSIBILITY THAT A ERROR MAY OCCUR.

8. FLAT FILES DATABASE:
• LET’S CONSIDER AN EXAMPLE:
IT IS THE DATA OF A GROCERY STORE. IN THIS DATABASE IT INCLUDES A NAME,
PRODUCT, QUANTITY, PRICE AND THE TOTAL OF EACH CUSTOMER.
• THIS DATABASE CAN ALSO BE CREATED IN MS-EXCEL.
Name Product Quantity Price Total Bill
ABC Fan 2 150 150*2=300
XYZ Pen 5 10 10*5=50
MNO Rubber 10 5 5*10=50

9. HIERARCHY DATABASE:
• DUE THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE FLAT FILE DATABASE SYSTEMS, HIERARCHY
DATABASE SYSTEM IS USED.
• IN THIS TYPE OF DATABASE SYSTEMS, THE DATA IS STORED IN THE
ORGANIZATIONAL TREE.
• IT IS INTRODUCED IN 1968.
• IN THIS TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP, THERE IS ONLY ONE PARENT AND THE PARENT HAVE
MORE THAN ONE CHILD.
• THERE ARE MANY CHILDREN OF ONLY PARENT.
• THE HIERARCHICAL DATABASES HANDLE ONE-TO-MANY RELATIONSHIP VERY WELL.

10. HIERARCHY DATABASE:
• CONSIDER THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE OF A GROCERY STORE THAT HOW IT WORKS
ON A HIERARCHY DATABASE SYSTEMS. IN THIS SYSTEM THE DATA IS RETRIEVED
THROUGH THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:

11. HIERARCHY DATABASE:
• THE HIERARCHICAL DATABASES HANDLE ONE-TO-MANY RELATIONSHIP VERY
WELL.

12. NETWORK DATABASES:
• THE PROBLEM IN THE HIERARCHICAL DATABASE MODEL IS REMOVED IN THIS
MODEL.
• IT WAS PUBLISHED IN 1971 BY A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE COBOL.
• IT WORKS SAME TO A HIERARCHICAL DATABASE SYSTEMS.
• IT WORKS ON MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS, INSTEAD OF ONE TO MANY
RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HIERARCHY DATABASE SYSTEM.
• IN ONE TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS, THERE MUST BE A PARENT OF EACH CHILD.
• BUT IN MANY TO MANY RELATIONSHIPS, THERE ARE MANY CHILDREN OF A
PARENT AND MANY PARENT OF EACH CHILD.

13. NETWORK DATABASES:
• IT ALSO HAVE A SAME FORMAT TO A HIERARCHICAL DATABASE SYSTEM.
• BUT IN THIS THE BRANCHES OF THE TREE ARE SHARED.
• TO RETRIEVE ANY INFORMATION ANY INFORMATION OF THE CUSTOMER AND
THE PRODUCT START WITH THE SAME TO A ORDER HEADER.
• THERE IS ALSO A DISADVANTAGE OF BOTH THE HIERARCHY AND THE NETWORK
DATABASE SYSTEM. BOTH ARE PROGRAMMER’S DOMAIN. IN BOTH OF THEM,
CREATION OF DATA STRUCTURE IS MUST AND THEN IT WILL CREATE AN
OUTPUT. PROGRAMS WERE NOT PORTABLE AND TOOK ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF
TIME TO WRITE.

14. NETWORK DATABASES:

15. NETWORK DATABASES:
• THERE IS ALSO A DISADVANTAGE OF BOTH THE HIERARCHY AND THE NETWORK
DATABASE SYSTEM.
• BOTH ARE PROGRAMMER’S DOMAIN. IN BOTH OF THEM, CREATION OF DATA
STRUCTURE IS MUST AND THEN IT WILL CREATE AN OUTPUT.
• PROGRAMS WERE NOT PORTABLE AND TOOK ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF TIME TO
WRITE.

16. THANK YOU 
----------------
ANY QUESTION??????