WATER POLLUTION IN PAKISTAN

1. 1
Business Research and Report Writing
Topic:
Water Pollution In Pakistan
Submitted to:
Sir Shehzad Rafique

2. 2
Submitted by:
Aqsa Tabbasum (2014-ag-4122)
Tehreem Ashraf (2014-ag-4195)
Maryam Khalid (2014-ag-4205)
Maryam Rabia Zafar (2014-ag-4132)

3. 3
Water Pollution
o Water pollution is any chemical, biological, or physical change in water quality that has a
harmful effect on living organism or makes water unsuitable for desired uses.
Use of Water Resources in Pakistan
i. Agriculture
ii. Industry
iii. Domestic/public
Types
Surfacewater pollution
 Found on the exterior of the Earth’s crust, oceans, rivers and lakes
93%
2%
5%
Water distribution in Pakistan
agriculture
industry
domestic

4. 4
Groundwater Pollution
 Found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers
Microbiological pollution
 Microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that can cause illness to land animals
and humans
Oxygen Depletion pollution
 Microorganisms that in water and feeds on biodegradable substances
Sources of water pollution
 Municipal Sewage/household
 Drinking Water Supply Lines Conditions
 Industrial Water Pollution
 Agriculture Water Pollution
1. Municipal Sewage
About 2,000 million gallons of sewage is being discharged to surface water bodies
every day in Pakistan (Pak-SCEA 2006)
RESULT:
• NCS states that 40% of death are related to water borne diseases
2. Drinking Water Supply Lines Conditions
Water is contaminated with:
• Lead
• Cyanides
• Mercury
• Hospital waste
• Pharma waste
Only 10% of collected sewage is effectively treated
3. Industrial Water Pollution
Major Industrial Contributors to Water Pollution in Pakistan
o Petrochemicals
o Paper and pulp
o Food processing
o Sugar
o Textile

5. 5
o Cement
o Fertilizer
Textile, Cement and fertilizer produce more than 80% of the total industrial
Waste
 In Pakistan only 1% of water waste is treated by industries before being discharged
directly into rivers and drains
INDUSTRIAL WASTES PER CITY
 In K.P, 80,000 m3 of industrial effluents containing a very high level of
pollutants are discharged every day into the river Kabu
 In Karachi, Sindh Industrial Trading Estate (SITE) and Korangi Industrial and
Trading Estate (KITE), two of the biggest industrial estates in Pakistan, there
is no effluent treatment plant and the waste containing hazardous materials,
heavy metals, oil etc. is discharged into rivers.
 In Multan, a fertilizer factory discharges its waste untreated to cultivated
land causing death of livestock and increasing health risk to humans. (WB-
CWRAS Paper 8, 2005)
 In Lahore, only 3 out of some 100 industries using hazardous chemicals treat
their wastewater. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels in water courses
receiving these wastes are as high as 800mg/l and Mercury levels over 5 mg/l
 In Faisalabad, one of the biggest industrial cities, there is little segregation of
domestic and industrial wastes

6. 6
4. Agriculture
Fertilizers(nitrates and phosphates)
Pesticide
5. Otherssources
 Bacteria from sewage or livestock operation
 Petroleum hydrocarbons like Diesel, Gasoline, Jet fuel, Motor oil, Detergent
EFFECTS of Water Pollution
Effects on Humans
40% deaths in Pakistan annually
Diseases caused by:
 Drinking contaminated water
 Swimming in polluted water
 Contact with chemically polluted water
51%
30%
5%
3%
11%
Effects
nutritional deficiencies
infection diseases
diarhoeal diseases
malaria
other

7. 7
Effects on Environment
 Toxic water
 Thermal heating
 Our sources of
 water
Solution
Nonpoint Sources
Reduce runoff:
Infiltration trenches, FOR Lawns, Use Filters
Buffer zone:
Vegetation land near lack
Reduce soil erosion:
Filtration plants
POINT SOURCES
Pakistan’s Environmental Protection Act:
Environment protection agency should monitor investigate and control
pollution
National Drinking Water Policy:
Ensure water quality standards

8. 8
Current issues of water pollution in Pakistan
Over 70pc water samples in 13 districts found ‘unfit for human consumption:
KARACHI: A majority of water samples collected from surface and underground sources in 13
districts of Sindh, including all six Karachi districts, by a federal institution in a recent survey
have been found to be unfit for human consumption, it emerged on Saturday.The Pakistan
Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) collected 300 water samples from Sukkur,
Larkana, Shikarpur, Tando Mohammad Khan, Badin, Tharparkar, Hyderabad and Karachi’s six
districts — East, West, South, Central, Malir and Korangi — and tested the same for a detailed
physiochemical and bacterial analysis. Later, the findings were compared with the World Health
Organisation and the National Environmental Quality Standards on safe drinking water.
“We have been regularly carrying out analysis of water samples for the past many years in
Sindh and I can say with authority that there hasn’t been any improvement in the quality of
water being supplied to the various parts of the province,” said Dr Ghulam Murtaza of the
PCRWR.
According to him, the poor quality of water being supplied to Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur —
the three districts whose water quality has continuously been monitored since 2005 — can be
gauged from the fact that the number of unsafe water samples have usually ranged between 80
and 90 per cent.
Recent findings
Around 80pc samples had bacterial contamination in Karachi. Of them, 30pc samples
had faecal contamination. The samples, more than half, also showed elevated turbidity
levels and high concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness and sulphate,
sodium and chloride and were unfit for human consumption.
Only 20pc samples were found safe in Karachi.
The water samples collected from Hyderabad, Larkana and Sukkur showed similar
results; more than 80pc samples were found unfit for human consumption on account
of bacterial contamination, whereas many samples had TDS, sulphate, hardness,
calcium, chloride and iron content beyond permissible limits.

9. 9
In case of Tando Mohammad Khan and Badin districts, more than half of the collected
samples were found unsafe due to high TDS and bacterial contamination, whereas many
were found with hardness beyond permissible limits and had elevated levels of calcium,
magnesium, sodium, sulphate, chloride and iron content.
Between 50pc and 60pc of water samples were found unsafe due to bacterial
contamination in Tando Mohammad Khan and Badin. Thirty per cent to 40pc samples in
these districts were found safe.
More than half of the water samples collected from reverse osmosis plants installed in
Tharparkar were found unsafe due to bacterial contamination and high TDS.
A significant number of samples were unsafe on account of high sodium and chloride.
According to experts at the PCRWR, these results were more or less similar to those
published last year in a report titled Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.
In 2014, the PCRWR conducted the water analysis of five districts of Sindh (which are
not included in the present analysis) — Jacobabad, Kashmore-Kandhkot, Shikarpur,
Khairpur and Ghotki. Out of 1,661 samples collected from subsoil sources of these
districts, 970 (58pc) were found unsafe.
The major contaminants were turbidity, bacterial contamination, TDS, hardness,
calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrate, iron, etc.
Published in Dawn, March 5th, 2017
Suggestions and Recommendations

10. 10
Save water, turn off running water
Fertilize correctly
Participate in a clean up
Join a special society dedicated to the prevention of water pollution
Spread awareness

11. 11
Participate in clean up
THANK YOU