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Management is also defined as the process of designing and maintaining an environment for
efficiently accomplishing selected aims. (Heinz, Weirich, and Koontz, 2005)
1. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
2. Management applies to any kind of organization.
3. It applies to managers at all organizational levels;
4. The aim of all managers is the same to create a surplus.
Management
Management is the process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of individuals
working together in organizations, so that they could efficiently accomplish their chosen aim or
goals.
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Definition of Terms:
Management functions- functions needed in order to accomplish the management process
of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of individuals working together in
organizations
Coordination- harmonious, integrated action of the various parts and processes of an
organization
Efficiency- the character of being able to yield the maximum output from a minimum
amount of input
Effectiveness- being adapted to produce an effect that will help the organization attain it
aims.
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Function of Management
1. Planning : It involves setting goals and objectives for the organization and developing work maps
showing how these goals and objectives are to be accomplished. Planning includes both the broadest view
of the organization, eg. Its mission, and the narrowest, eg : a tactic for accomplishing a specific goal.
2. Organizing: It involves bringing together resources – the people capital and equipment – in the most
effective way to accomplish the goals. It therefore, involves an integration of resources. And also it is
establishing the internal organizational structures of the organization. The focus is on division,
coordination and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization. It is in this function
that managers distribute authority to holders.
2. Staffing: It indicates filling in the different job positions in the organization’s structure; the factors that
influence this function include: size of the organization, types of jobs, number of individuals to be
recruited, and some internal or external pressures.
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Function of Management
4. Leading: It entails influencing or motivating subordinates to do their best so that they would be able to
help the organization’s endeavor to attain their set goals. with plans and to make appropriate adjustments
where outcomes have deviated from expectations.
5. Controlling: Controlling is the function that evaluates quality in all areas and detects potential or actual
deviations from the organization plan. This ensures high quality performance and satisfactory results while
maintaining an orderly and problem free environment controlling includes information management
measurement of performance and institutions of correcting actions.
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Evolution of Management Theories
Scientific Management Theory
-This management theory makes use of the step by step, scientific methods for finding the single best
way for doing a job.
Frederick W. Taylor(1856-1915) is known as the Father of Scientific Management.
General Administrative Theory
-This management theory concentrates on the manager’s functions and what makes up good
management practice or implementation. Henri Fayol and Max Weber are the personalities most
commonly associated with it.
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HENRI FAYOL’S MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
1. Work division or specialization
2. Authority
3. Discipline
4. Unity of Command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of individual interest to general interest
7. Remuneration/pay
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain of authority
10. Maintenance of orde
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HENRI FAYOL’S MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
11. Equity/fairness
12. Stability/security of tenure of workers
13. Employee initiative
14. Promotion of team spirit or esprit de corps
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Evolution of Management Theories
Total Quality Management (TQM)
-This management philosophy focuses on the satisfaction of customers, their needs, and
expectations
-Quality experts W. Edwards Deming (1900-1993) and Joseph M. Juran (1904-2008)
introduced this customer-oriented idea in 1950’s, however, the concept had few
supporters.
Organizational Behavior Approach
-This theory is the study of the conduct, demeanor or action of people at work. Research
on behaviors helps managers carry out their functions-leading, team building, resolving
conflict, and others.
