3 Ans False Transformation is a method where foreign DNA is introduced into a bacterium, which can then amplify, or clone the DNA. 4 Ans F+: present as separate circular DNA, donor in conjugation F-: absent, recipient in conjugation Hfr: present, integrated into bacterial chromosome, high-frequency donor in conjugation F\': present as separate circular DNA, carrying some bacterial genes, donor in conjugation 5 Ans Virulent phages reproduce through lytic life cycle and always kill host cells. Temperate phages form a prophage in the bacterial chromosome during lysogenic life cycle Solution 3 Ans False Transformation is a method where foreign DNA is introduced into a bacterium, which can then amplify, or clone the DNA. 4 Ans F+: present as separate circular DNA, donor in conjugation F-: absent, recipient in conjugation Hfr: present, integrated into bacterial chromosome, high-frequency donor in conjugation F\': present as separate circular DNA, carrying some bacterial genes, donor in conjugation 5 Ans Virulent phages reproduce through lytic life cycle and always kill host cells. Temperate phages form a prophage in the bacterial chromosome during lysogenic life cycle.