This document provides an overview of a structural dynamics and earthquake engineering module being taught by Dr. Alessandro Palmeri. The module aims to develop knowledge of vibrational problems in structural engineering and provide tools to assess dynamic response, with emphasis on seismic analysis per Eurocode 8. It will cover dynamics of single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom systems, as well as topics in earthquake engineering including response spectra, lateral force methods, and performance-based design. Students will be assessed through a 2-hour exam and a group coursework assignment. The module will be delivered over 12 weeks through lectures, tutorials, and assignments.

1. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Structural Dynamics
& Earthquake Engineering
Lecture #1: Introduction
Dr Alessandro Palmeri
Civil and Building Engineering @ Loughborough University
Tuesday, 2nd February 2016

2. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Why bother about Structural Dynamics?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
uzdQer1gvsU
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_(1940)
The 1940 Tacoma
Narrows Bridge
It was a steel suspension bridge
in the US state of Washington.
Construction began in 1938, with
the opening on 1st July 1940
From the time the deck was built,
it began to move vertically in
windy conditions (construction
workers nicknamed the bridge
Galloping Gertie).
The motion was observed even
when the bridge opened to the
public.
Several measures to stop the
motion were ineffective, and the
bridge’s main span finally
collapsed under 64 km/h wind
conditions the morning of 7th
November 1940.

3. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Why bother about Structural Dynamics?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
eAXVa__XWZ8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Millennium_Bridge,_London
The Millennium Bridge
It is an iconic steel suspension
bridge for pedestrians crossing
the River Thames in London.
Construction began in 1998, with
the opening on 10th June 2000.
Londoners nicknamed the bridge
the Wobbly Bridge after
participants in a charity walk to
open the bridge felt an
unexpected and uncomfortable
swaying motion.
The bridge was then closed for
almost two years while
modifications were made to
eliminate the wobble entirely.
It was reopened in 2002.

4. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Why bother about Structural Dynamics?
http:
//dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2963929
http://www.enea.it/en/en/
research-development/
new-technologies/
materials-technologies
Shaking Table Tests
The video shows the last,
destructive shaking table test
conducted in 2007 on a 1:2
scale model of a masonry
building resembling a special
type (the so-called Tipo Misto
Messinese), which is proper to
the reconstruction of the city of
Messina after the 1783 Calabria
earthquake.
The model, incorporating a novel
timber-concrete composite slab,
has been tested on the main
shaking table available at the
ENEA Research Centre
Casaccia in Rome, both before
and after the
reinforcement with FRP materials.

5. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Why bother about Structural Dynamics?

6. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Aim of the Module
This module is aimed at:
developing knowledge and understanding of
vibrational problems in structural engineering
and to provide the basic analytical and numerical tools
to assess the dynamic response of structures
with special emphasis on the
seismic analysis and design to Eurocode 8

7. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Intended Learning Outcomes of the Module
On completion of the module you should be able to:
Discuss the equations ruling the free and forced
vibration of single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) oscillators
... and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDoF) structures
Illustrate the role of damping and ductility in SDoF and
MDoF systems
Exploit the concepts of mode of vibration and
Rayleigh’s quotient
Calculate the dynamic response of SDoF and MDoF
systems
...

8. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Intended Learning Outcomes of the Module
... And also to:
Interpret provisions of Eurocode 8
Evaluate the seismic performance of frame structures
using linear models
Compare the behaviour of structures under static and
dynamic loads.
Critically assess advantages and disadvantages of
different options for the analysis and design of
engineering systems under dynamic loads

9. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Module Description: Part 1
Dynamics of single-degree-of-freedom (SDoF) systems
Equations of motion for SDoF oscillators
Modelling and evaluation of damping in SDoF
oscillators
Dynamic response of SDoF oscillators in both time and
frequency domains

10. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Module Description: Part 2
Dynamics of multi-degree-of-freedom (MDoF) systems
Equations of motion for MDoF structures
Modal analysis and mode superposition method
Classically and non-classically damped MDoF
structures
Dynamic response of MDoF structures in both time and
frequency domains

11. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Module Description: Part 3
Earthquake engineering
Engineering seismology (basics) and seismic action on
structures
Elastic response spectrum and ductility-dependent
design spectra
Lateral force method
Response spectrum method
Design options to improve the seismic performance of
existing and new buildings
A look into the (near) future: performance-based
earthquake engineering (PBEE)

12. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Assessment of Module
2-hour examination (75% of the module)
Section A (50% of the exam marks) on Parts 1 and 2
Solving 2 out of 3 questions (each one weighting 25%)
Section B (50% of the exam marks) on Part 3
Solving 1 out of 2 questions (including some
discursive reasonings, NEW with respect to previous
years)
Coursework comprising an group written assignment
based on Part 1 (25% of the module)
Issued in Week 4 (Tuesday 23rd
February 2016)
Handed in Week 9 (Monday 25th
April 2016)
Returned in Week 12

13. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Schedule of the Module
Lecture #1 Lecture #2 Tutorial
Week 1 Introduction Equation of motion for SDoF
oscillators
—
Week 2 Fourier analysis for structural
dynamics applications
Frequency response function
for SDoF oscillators
Part 1
Week 3 State-space formulation for
SDoF oscillators
Energy dissipation devices for
vibration control
Part 1
Week 4 Equations of motion for
undamped MDoF structures
Modal analysis Part 1
Week 5 Classically and non-classically
damped MDoF structures
Newmark-β method Part 2
Week 6 State-space formulation for
MDoF structures
4th
-order Runge-Kutta method Part 2
Week 7 Basics of engineering
seismology
Strong motion characteristics Part 2
Easter break
Week 8 †
Elastic response spectrum Ductility µ, behaviour factor q
and design spectra
Part 3
Week 9 Lateral force method Part 3
Week 10 Response spectrum method Part 3
Week 11 Performance-based earthquake engineering Part 3
Week 12 ‡
Revision —
Coursework brief is issued in Week 4
† Group report is handed in Week 9 (after Easter) – On Monday 25th
April 2016
‡ Feedback is given in Week 12 (before the Exams)

14. Structural
Dynamics
& Earthquake
Engineering
Dr Alessandro
Palmeri
Motivations for
this module
Introduction to
the module
Equations of
motion for
SDoF
oscillators
Questions?