2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Artificial intelligence
3. Machine learning
4. Natural language processing
5. Immersive experiences
i. Virtual reality
ii. Augmented reality
6. Robotics
7. Big data
8. Internet of things
i. Web of things
ii. Sensors
iii. Smart cities
9. Cloud computing
10. Grid computing
11. Blockchain technology
3. INTRODUCTION
A number of technologies are introduced almost every day.
Various technological Trends like cloud computing, mobile
computing, social media, ubiquitous computing, etc., are growing
rapidly. Some of these do not succeed and fade away over time.
Some of these new technologies prosper and persist overtime,
gaining attention from users. Emerging trends are the state-of-
the-arttechnologies, which gain popularity and set a new trend
among users
4. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
• Artificial Intelligence endeavors to simulate the natural
intelligence of human beings into machines, thus making
them behave intelligently.
• An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the
cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision-making
and problem solving.
• The Intelligent digital personal assistants like Siri, Crotona,
Google Assistant, Alexa are all powered by AI.
5. APPLICATIONS OF AI
• AI is being tested and used in the healthcare industry for
dosing drugs, various other treatments and also for surgical
procedures in the operating room.
• AI is a field of science and technology based on disciplines
such as Computer Science, Biology, Psychology, Mathematics
and Engineering.
6. MACHINE LEARNING
• Machine Learning is a subsystem of Artificial Intelligence,
wherein computers have the ability to learn from data using
statistical techniques, without being explicitly programmed
by a human being.
• It comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own
and make predictions. These algorithms, called models, are
first trained and tested using a training data and testing data,
respectively.
• After successive training, once these models are able to give
results to an acceptable level of accuracy, they are used to
make predictions about new and unknown data
8. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) system deals with the
interaction between human and computers using human
spoken languages, such as Hindi, English, etc.
• An NLP system can perform text-to-speech and speech-to-
text conversion.
9. IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCES
• Immersive experiences allow us to visualize, feel and react by
stimulating our senses. It enhances our interaction and
involvement, making them more realistic and engaging
• Immersive experience can be achieved using virtual reality
and augmented reality.
10. VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)
Virtual Reality (VR) is a three-dimensional, computer-
generated situation that simulates the real world. The user
can interact with and explore that environment by getting
immersed in it while interacting with the objects and other
actions of the user.
11. AUGMENTED REALITY (AR)
• It is the superimposition of computer-generated perceptual
information over the existing physical surroundings. It adds
components of the digital world to the physical world,
making the environment interactive and digitally
manipulable.
• Travelers can access real-time information of historical
places through a location-based AR App by pointing their
camera. Users can also find information about nearby places
based on their current location.
12. IKEA is the first company to use augmented
reality which allows you to select anything
from the stores catalogue and see how a
certain piece of furniture will fit in your space
13. ROBOTICS
• Robotics is an interdisciplinary research area at the interface
of computer science and engineering. Robotics involves
design, construction, operation and use of robots.
• A robot is essentially a machine that can complete one or
more activities accurately and precisely on its own. A robot is
programmable by a computer, which implies it can obey
commands supplied by computer programs, unlike other
devices.
14. 1. Sophia is a humanoid robot that mimics human movements
and facial expressions and uses artificial intelligence, visual
data processing, and facial recognition.
2. Mars Exploration Rover (MER) is a robotic space mission
launched by NASA to learn more about the planet Mars.
3. An unmanned aircraft called a drone can be remotely piloted
or can fly on its own using software-controlled flight plans
in embedded systems in conjunction with onboard sensors
and GPS.
Robots that resemble humans are known as humanoids.
Some examples are:
16. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of Inter- related
computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects,
and people that are provided with unique Identifiers (UIDs)
and the ability to transfer data over a network without
requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction
• It has the ability to send data over the internet, allowing the
device to communicate with people and other loT-enabled
things
17. WEB OF THINGS (WoT)
• IoT allows us to interact with different devices through
Internet with the help of smartphones or computers.
• Web of Things (WoT) allows the use of web services to
connect anything in the physical world, besides human
identities, on the web. It paves the way for creating smart
homes, smart offices, smart cities and so on.
18. SENSORS
• Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently used to
detect and respond to electrical or optical signals.
• A sensor converts the physical parameter into a signal which
can be measured electrically.
• The accelerometer sensor in mobile phones detects the
orientation of the phone.
• The gyroscope sensor tracks the rotation or twist of your
hand and adds to the information supplied by the
accelerometer.
• Sensors are commonly used for monitoring and observing
elements in real-world applications.
19. SMART CITIES
• A smart city makes use of computer and communication
technology along with IoT, WoT to manage and distribute
resources efficiently.
• Smart buildings use sensors to detect earthquakes and then
warn nearby buildings so that they can prepare themselves
accordingly.
• The smart bridge uses wireless sensors to detect any loose
bolt, cable or crack. It alerts concerned authorities through
SMS
21. BIG DATA
• Big Data refers to a huge volume of data that cannot be stored
and processed by any traditional data storage or processing
units. Big data is generated on a very large scale and used by
many multinational companies to process and analyze in
order to uncover insights and Improve the business of many
organizations.
• Analysis of Big Data allows analysts, researchers and
business users to make better and faster decisions using data
that was previously inaccessible or unusable.
22. CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing is a technology
of distributed data processing in
which some scalable information
resources and capacities are
provided as a service to multiple
external customers through the
internet technology. It allows
storing, accessing data and
programs using the internet
23. Cloud computing further consists of services such as:
1. IaaS (Infrastructure as a service): The IaaS providers can offer
different kinds of computing infrastructure, such as servers, virtual
machines (VM), storage and backup facility, network components,
operating systems, or any other hardware or software.
2. PaaS (Platform as a Service): It enables users to install and run
applications without worrying about their setup or underlying
infrastructure.
3. SaaS (Software as a service): SaaS provides on-demand access to
application software, usually requiring a licensing or subscription by the
user.
4. DaaS (Desktop as a service): It is a slightly improved model of SaaS.
It involves delivering virtual apps and desktop to end-users over the
internet.
24. GRID COMPUTING
• Grid Computing can be defined as a network of computers
working together to perform a task that would be rather
difficult for a single machine
• The task that these machines work on may include analyzing
huge data sets or simulating situations which require high
computing power. Computers on the network contribute
resources like processing power and storage capacity to the
network
• Grid Computing is a subset of distributed computing where a
virtual supercomputer consists of machines on a network
connected by some bus, mostly Ethernet, or sometimes the
internet
25. Grid can be of two types —
1. Data grid, used to manage large and distributed data having
the required multi-user access
2. CPU or Processor grid, where processing is moved from one
PC to another as needed or a large task is divided into
subtasks, and allotted to various nodes for parallel
processing
26. BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
• The block chain technology is based on the idea of a shared,
decentralized database that is replicated on every computer.
A block is a safeguarded section of data or a legitimate
transaction.
• Only the block’s owner has access to the block’s private data,
which is hidden behind the header of each block, which is
visible to all other nodes. These blocks come together to form
the block chain.
