scientific paper presentation on research articles on study to assess the knowledge about A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF STAFF NURSES REGARDING PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PERINEAL TEAR DURING NORMAL DELIVERY AT SELECTED HOSPITALS OF LUCKNOW (U.P.) WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE (SIM

1. TOOL
SECTION – B
SELF ADMINISTERED STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
QUESTIONNAIRE REGARDING PERINEALTEAR, ITS
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Alternative for each question are given in questionnaire.
2. Select only one alternative answer and tick mark () in appropriate bracket
3. Please do not leave any question unattempt.
It consists of structured knowledge questionnaire on perineal tear. It has 3
parts:
Part I: Question related to concept of perineal tear
Part II: Question related to prevention of perineal tear
Part – III Question related to management of perineal tear
Part I: Question related to concept of perineal tear
1. What do you understand by term „Perineal Tear?
a. Tear in the layers of peritoneum ( )
b. Tear in the layers of perineum ( )
c. Rupture in part of pelvis ( )
d. Rupture in the layers of pancreas ( )
2. How many types of perineal tears are there?
a. 1º ( )
b. 2º ( )
c. 3º ( )
d. 4º ( )

2. 3. Who is more prone to perineal tear?
a. Primi-gravida ( )
b. Multi- gravid ( )
c. Grand multi-gravida ( )
d. Both a and b ( )
4. Which kind of perineal tears are mostly visible?
a. Superficial or 1º tear ( )
b. 2° tear ( )
c. 3° tear and 4° tear ( )
d. All of the above ( )
5. How many percent of women, after vaginal delivery face severe form of
perineal tears?
a. 2% ( )
b. 10% ( )
c. 50% ( )
d. 70% ( )
6. Sub- standard management of which stage of labour, leads to the formation
of 4º tear?
a. First stage of labour ( )
b. Second stage of labour ( )
c. Third stage of labour ( )
d. Fourth stage of labour ( )
7. What are the maternal risk factors that can increase the chances of perineal
tear?
a. Age more than 25 years ( )
b. Vaginal birth after cesarean section ( )
c. Longer perineal length ( )
d. Multiparity ( )

3. 8. Which one is the fetal risk factor that can cause perineal tear?
a. Neonatal sepsis ( )
b. Large fetal weight ( )
c. Vertex presentation ( )
d. Cleft palate ( )
9. Which are the intra- partum risk factors, that can cause perineal tear?
a. Instrumental delivery ( )
b. Prolonged second stage of labour ( )
c. Broader vaginal opening ( )
d. Both A and B ( )
10. In which type of clients perineal tears are mostly seen?
a. Microcephaly ( )
b. Macrocephaly ( )
c. Still birth ( )
d. ABO incompatibility ( )
11. Which type of tears can effect women‟s quality of life?
a. Superficial tears ( )
b. Episiotomy ( )
c. 2° tears ( )
d. 3º tears ( )
Part II: Questions related to prevention of perineal tear.
12. Which procedure is mostly performed to prevent perineal tear
a. Placental separation ( )
b. Episiotomy ( )
c. Suturing ( )
d. All of the above ( )

4. 13. Which type of episiotomy is most commonly used?
a. Median ( )
b. Lateral ( )
c. Medio-lateral ( )
d. J-shaped ( )
14. In the second stage of labour which technique can be used to reduce
incidence of third and fourth degree lacerations?
a. Warm compresses and perineal massage ( )
b. Cold applications ( )
c. Ointments and lubricants ( )
d. Water births ( )
15. What do you understand by the term “controlled pushing”?
a. The women pushes harshly ( )
b. The woman pushes slowly and steadily ( )
c. The woman do not push in anyway ( )
d. The woman pushes continuously ( )
16. Which measure may help make the tissue around the vagina more flexible
and reduce the chance of having a perineal tear or an episiotomy?
a. Perineal massage ( )
b. Local anesthesia ( )
c. Aseptic practice ( )
d. Careful suturing ( )
17. In order to reduce chances of infection either in pubic hair shaving or
vaginal examinations for labour assessment or vaginal births which of the
following things are used as a preventative measure-
a. Antiseptic agents & antibiotics ( )
b. Astringents ( )
c. Lotions and lubricants ( )
d. Ointments ( )

5. Part III: Questions related to management of perineal tear.
18. What are the aspects that a REEDA scale measures after a normal delivery
with episiotomy?
a. Rush, Eagerness, Exudate, Depth, Accuracy ( )
b. Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation ( )
c. Risk, Evidence, Exclusion, Diameter, Autolysis ( )
d. Regulation, Erythema, Epidermis, Density, Acute ( )
19. What do you understand by providing ‟perineal support‟ to mother?
a. Pulling the perineum for enhancing tearing ( )
b. To put a cloth on perineum without any force ( )
c. Pushing against the perineum to protect it from tearing ( )
d. To provide hot application on perineum ( )
20. What should be used during the first 24–72 hours after delivery?
a. Cold ice packs ( )
b. Topical applications ( )
c. Hot applications ( )
d. Both a and b ( )
21. What can be done for the repairment of perineum?
a. Sitz bath ( )
b. Pelvic floor exercises ( )
c. General rest ( )
d. Both a and b ( )
22. Which position will you recommend to women during perineal-tear
management?
a. High- fowler ( )
b. Supine ( )
c. Prone ( )
d. Trendelenburg ( )

6. 23. What are the medication that should be given to reduce pain and promote
healing of perineal tears?
a. Antacids ( )
b. Antiemetics ( )
c. Antibiotics ( )
d. Anaesthetic sprays ( )
24. What is the ideal time for women to resume sexual intercourse after
delivery?
a. Less than 2 weeks ( )
b. 2-4 weeks ( )
c. 4-6 weeks ( )
d. 6-8 weeks ( )
25. What is the major role of midwives after successful completion of labour
process?
a. Ignoring the client ( )
b. Early detection of complications for prompt referrals ( )
c. Preparing discharge ( )
d. Prescribing medications ( )
26. In labour room which position is given to the patient for performing the
procedure of suturing?
a. Supine ( )
b. Lithotomy ( )
c. Left lateral ( )
d. Knee-chest ( )
27. Inclusion of which nutrients are responsible for faster healing of perineal
tear in mother after delivery?
a. Carbohydrates and fats ( )
b. Protein, calcium and iron ( )
c. High fibers or roughage ( )
d. Only water ( )

7. 28. Mother may be afraid of tearing of stitches or more pain due to
constipation. In order to prevent it, what steps should be taken?
a. High-fiber diet ( )
b. Consuming less fruits and vegetables ( )
c. High-carbohydrate diet ( )
d. Plenty of water along with high fibrous diet ( )
29. How can you encourage mother for fast healing of stitches? Advice her-
a. Keep the area wet and moist ( )
b. Not to change pads regularly ( )
c. Not to clean area after urinating ( )
d. Keep the area clean and dry ( )
30. What are the symptoms that represents infection to the episiotomy wound?
a. Decreasing pain ( )
b. The wound appears to break open ( )
c. Having no discharge or bad odor ( )
d. Having no lump in the area ( )

8. ANSWER KEY
QUESTION NO. ANSWER QUESTION NO. ANSWER
1 B 16 A
2 D 17 A
3 A 18 B
4 C 19 C
5 A 20 D
6 B 21 D
7 B 22 B
8 B 23 D
9 D 24 C
10 B 25 B
11 D 26 B
12 B 27 B
13 C 28 D
14 A 29 D
15 B 30 B

9. BLUE PRINT OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE TOOL
S. No. Content No. Of Item Total No. Of Items Percentage
1. Questionnaires related
to concept of perineal
tear
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,
8,9,10,11
11 36.66%
2. Questionnaires related
to prevention of
perineal tear
12,13,14,
15,16,17
6 20%
Questionnaires related 18,19,20,21,
3.
to management of
perineal tear.
22,23,24,25,
26,27,28,29,
13 43.33%
30
Total 30 30 100%
Remarks:
Date: Signature and Seal