The document discusses protein isolation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Plasminogen activator, an enzyme that prevents blood clotting, is being isolated from Hela cells using magnetic nanoparticles. Chromatography and zymography help determine the presence and activity of proteins. PAGE was then used to separate the isolated proteins by size. During the experiment, it was found that one of the reactants was contaminated based on abnormal absorbency readings.

1. Protein Isolation and PAGE Electrophoresis
By Amanda M. Icazatti-Burtell
The body produces a certain amount of metabolites that are required for physiology and
functioning. Many of these metabolites are proteins which act as catalysts in chemical
reactions. If there are any damages to these proteins or enzymes, our body can be affected
by its deficiency or malfunctioning.
Plasminogen activator (PA), an enzyme within our body, which activates other enzymes
to prevent clotting in the bloodstream, is being isolated from Hela cells using magnetic
nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles are being used because they are easy to separate
from other suspended solids, can be easy automated, present affinity binding, and make
the process much faster.
Chromatography and Zymography are important processes in determining the presence of
a protein and the enzyme activity, respectively. In chromatography, components of a
mixture are separated or purified in order to measure the relative proportions of the
substance in study. It is known that proteins have an absorbance to a specific wavelength
of 280nm and by using chromatography the substrate obtained can reveal the presence or
absence of a protein. Moreover, zymography supports the purification process, since it is
through this technique that can be determined if the substrate under study has any
enzymatic activity.
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed to obtain a separation of
proteins by size isolated in the experiment. This process is very useful for the analysis of
proteins and can help determined their magnitude.
During the course of the experiment a reactant used seem to be contaminated, because the
absorbency results obtained for the elute buffer were too high at a stage in which the
absorbency had to be much lower.
Biochemistry is a key to understanding how the biological world and the chemical world
support and complement each other.