Climates 2019

1. The atmosphere: components and
layers.
Atmosphere is a layer of gases that surround the Earth. It’s 1000 km.
thick. Oxygen and nitrogen are the main components, but it has other
gases as CO2 or Ozone, vital for life.
Low temperatures
High temperatures
(ozone layer)

2. Heliograph

3. ELEMENTS
OF CLIMATE
AND WEATHER
CLIMATE IS
DESCRIBED
BY…
TEMPERATURE:
How warm is the air in
the atmosphere
PRESSURE:
The weight of the air in
the atmosphere.
PRECIPITATION:
Water vapour in the
atmosphere and rainfall.
GLOBAL WARMING
Greenhouse effect

4. TEMPERATURE
It depends on:
LATITUDE
ALTITUDE
DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
ORIENTATION
Thermometer
It is created by the impact of sun’s
Rays in the surface of the planet.

8. Depending on the orientation,
there are sunny areas and shady areas in mountains

9. Earth´s climate zones

10. ISOTHERMS MAP

11. PRESSURE
The weight of the
air.
It depends on
altitude and the
movement of
masses of air in the
atmosphere
(low pressures and
High pressures)

12. Different pressure in the
atmosphere
creates masses of air:
Depressions and anticyclones
Counterclockwise: H
Clockwise: L

13. High pressure
(antyciclone)
WEATHER CHART
Cold front
Warm front
Low pressure
(depression)
Isobars

14. Where are the anticyclones and depressions?

15. Depression weather
Thick cloud
(nymbus)
Rainfall

16. Katrina hurricane
2005
Eye
Heavy rainfall

17. Anticyclone weather
(stable and dry, can be cold or
Hot)
Sunny weather
High clou
(cyrrus)
fog

18. Cáceres,
Cerro Arropé
570 metros de altura,
Navidad.
Nieblas
anticiclónicas

19. Atmospheric
circulation
in the world

20. Orographical rain
FOEHM EFFECT
“Efecto sombra”

22. Frontal rain

23. Examples of frontal rain
Frentes
Frentes
Low Pressure

25. convectional
rain: storms
“anvil cloud”
(Nube yunque)
over Cáceres
-sept. 2014-
1. Formation of the
Anvil.
2. Dispersion of the
Storm cell.

26. Tornadoes and
Heavy storms
Appear when
Two masses of
Air colide...
Kansas, USA
Cold and humid air
Hot and dry air

27. Representation of rainfall
We use isohyets,
To show the
distribution of
Rainfall in a
territory.

28. Why does it rain more in some
regions than in others?
Shadow
Effect
Inlands
(far from
The sea).
Latitude

29. Why does it rain more in some regions than in
others?
Close to
The ocean:
Frontal
rain
Orographical
rain
Convectional
rain

30. Why does it rain more in some
regions than in others?

31. FACTORS
OF RAINFALL
RAIN IS
INFLUENCED
BY…
LATITUDE
Depending on the latitude, there are
High pressures or low pressures
(equator = low pressure = rain
Tropics / poles = high pressure = dry
ALTITUDE
The higher, the colder= more
precipitation because air is cooled.
PROXIMITY TO SEAS AND
OCEANS
The closer to an ocean, the milder and
more humidity.
MOUNTAIN RANGES
Shadow effect.

32. Atmospherical global risks
Global warming by greenhouse effect:
More amount of CO2 increases Earth
temperatures
Ozone hole:
It lets the ultraviolet
Radiation reach Earth

33. Factors: greenhouse effect
Global warming by greenhouse effect:
More amount of CO2 increases Earth
temperatures

34. What could happen in
Spain if there is a rise
of 2.5ºC in the
temperature of the
Iberian peninsula?

35. Analysing consequences…
RISE OF
TEMPERATURE
2.5
ECONOMICAL
CONSEQUENCES
ENVIRONMENT
CONSEQUENCES
HEALTH
CONSEQUENCES
IMPACT ON CLIMATE

36. WORLD CLIMATES

37. Example of climograph (Cáceres)
Red curve shows
Temperature.
Light blue boxes
Shows rainfall.
Every capital letter
means a month of
The year.

38. When happens the maximum
precipitation?
When is the minimum
temperature?
When is the highest
temperature?

39. EQUATORIAL CLIMATE
Temperatures are very high
and without variation.
Rainfall: 1500 mm all the year
Round.

40. Tropical climate
Between the Equator and the tropics.
Temperatures are high all the year round.
There is a dry season and a wet season.
depending on rainfall, it will be a dry tropical
climate or wet.
Monzonic climate

41. Temperatures are high
(average 25ºC),
But may fall below 18º
some months
Precipitation is scarce,
less than 300 mm
HOT DESERT CLIMATE
Arizona, USA

42. Anatolia plateau, Turkey
STEPPES CLIMATE
Precipitation is similar
to hot deserts.
Temperatures are less
than 5ºC in winter.
Steppes depend not only on latitude
But in mountains ranges as well.

43. Mediterranean Climate
Cape Town, South Africa
Located on 60º latitude
Summers are hot and dry,
And winters are mild.
Most precipitations fall
In spring and autumn
(300-800 mm)

44. Continental climate
Inlands, Northern Hemisphere
Sharp contrast between cold
Winter and warm summer.
Rainfall: 300-1000 mm

45. Oceanic climate
Close to west coasts of oceans
Summers and winters
are mild. Preciptations are
Abundant (+1000 mm)

46. Polar climate
Temperatures are very low
During the whole year.
There is no summer and
Rainfall is scarce.
Sun rays are weak and angled
In sharp contrast with Equator.

47. MOUNTAIN CLIMATE
High amount of precipitations.
Low temperatures.
The higher altitude we are,
the lower precipitations
And higher precipitations.

48. Which climates can we identify in
the following climographs?

51. Santiago de Chile

58. The last climograph refers to..Tabernas, Almería