The document provides information about the senses of balance, hearing, sight, taste, and touch. It includes diagrams of the inner ear, vestibule, semicircular canals, and eye. It describes the organs involved in balance such as the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals. It also explains dynamic and static equilibrium for balance. The document defines the structures of the eye such as the iris, retina, vitreous humor, and more. It also includes a word search puzzle related to vision.

1. Complete Lesson Plans
Workbook
Aldana, Lexi, Syeda, Thomas and Erycha

2. Draw arrows to connect the correct boxes with the correct term
 Free Nerve Endings Specialized receptors in the skin that respond to
pain
 Root Hair Plexuses
 Merkel Disks
They are located at the point of junction between muscle tissue
and tendon. They are stimulated my excessive muscle
 Meissner Corpuscle contraction
They are large mechanoreceptors. They are found
 Pacinian Corpuscles especially I the hands and feet and are numerous
in joint capsules.
 Muscle Spindles
Activated by light pressure. Low frequency
vibration and discriminative touch.
 Golgi Tendon Organs
Discriminative touch. Activated by light pressure.
Activated by stretch. Skeletal muscle. Sense of muscle
strenth
Delicate web like arrangements of free nerve ending
Diagram of Nose Indicating Receptors

3. 1. Olfactory receptors-the olfactory receptors are chemoreceptors. The receptors
potentials are generated in olfactory receptor neurons when chemicals dissolved in the mucus
covering the nasal epithelium bind to receptors in the membrane of the olfactory receptor
neurons.
2. Olfactory Pathways- if the level of odor –producing chemicals dissolved in the mucus
surrounding the olfactory cilia reaches a threshold level, then an action potential will be
generated and passed through the olfactory tract and in to the thalamic and olfactory centers of
the brain for interpretation , integration and memory storage.
3. Compare Olfaction in a Human and with a canine- A dog has more than 220 million
olfactory receptors in its nose when humans have only 5 million. Thus they have a sense of
smell that is a lot better than a human.
Fill in the blanks using the following words associated with taste buds .
Difference Sense chemoreceptors Fungiform
Saliva gustatory/taste foliate circumvallate
-Taste buds are _______ organs that respond to ______ stimuli
-Taste buds house the ________responsible for taste
-Taste buds are stimulated by chemicals called testants, dissolved in ______
-There is no regional _________ in where a particular
taste can be protected
- _______, ________, and _______ papillae contain taste
buds.

4. Neural Pathways:
2/3 Three Medulla Oblongata Parietal
Relays taste Thalamus Cerebral Cortex
Nervous impulses generated in the anterior ______ of the tongue travel over the facial (VII)
nerve
All _____ cranial nerves carry impulses into the ___________
______ then carry the impulses into the ________ and then into the _______ area of the
_________ in the _______ lobe of the brain
Mechanisms of Hearing:
Neuronal pathway of hearing:
Dendrites cochlear Corti Upper auditory
temporal
Axons Organ pons midbrain movement
stimulates medulla Thalamus
______ of neurons whose cell bodies lie in the spiral ganglion and whose ______ make up the
_______ nerve terminate around the bases of the hair cells of the ______ of ________ and the
tectorial membrane adheres to their ______ surface
The ______ of the hair cells _______ the dendrites
Before reaching the ________ area of the ______ lobe, impulses pass through “Relay stations”
in nuclei in the ______, _______, _______ and _______

5. Mechanism of Hearing:
Sounds vibrate stimulates Cranial nerve
tympanic endolymph transmit Auditory sound
_______ Waves strike the _____membrane and cause it to ______
This causes the membrane of the _______ window to vibrate, which cause the ______ in the
______ labyrinth of the cochlear and the _________ in the membranous labyrinth or the
cochlear duct to move.
The movement of the _____ causes the basilar membrane to vibrate, which in turns ______ hair
cells on the organ of Corti to ____ nerve impulses along the ______ ______. Eventually, nerve
impulses reach the _____ cortex and are interpreted as _____.

6. The retinal image is shown through 4 different processes. Refraction of the light rays,
accommodation of the lens, constriction of the pupil, and convergence of the eyes. Each
part of this helps you see clear images.
Photopigments are in both rods and cones and they are light sensitive pigmented
compounds. Rods are also called Rhodopsin. And they are highly light sensitive. Light
causes it to change its shape and the opsin molecule to expand. Cones have three
different types in the retina. Each of the primary colors reflects light rays of different
lengths. Cones are less sensitive than Rods and so therefore they need bright lights to
breakdown. Thus this is why deer can’t see bright orange vests because they do not
have cones to let them see bright lights. People that are farsighted can only see stuff
that is close up and people that are nearsighted can only see stuff far away.
Directions: Use the information above to answer the questions.
What is another name for Rods?
How many different types of cones are there?
Why can’t deer see bright orange vests?
What are the 4 different processes to show the retinal image?
Match the correct terms with the correct blanks:
Exteroreceptors Visceroceptors Proprioceptors
The ____________ are usually near the body’s surface near the top layer of skin. They
are activated when there is pressure applied to the skin. Other receptors are not as near
to the surface of the skin and are actually located within the substance of the body
organs, such as ____________. Lastly, some receptors such as ___________ are only
located in the skeletal muscles, joint capsules, and tendons.
Write the number of the correct example with the correct term
___Mechanoreceptors 1.) Breathing
___Chemoreceptors 2.) Getting your ears pierced
___Thermoreceptors 3.) Squinting when the sun is in your eyes

7. ___Nociceptors 4.) Goosebumps
___Photoreceptors 5.) Pressure applied to skin
Word Search
Balanced and Vision
R A S A E Y E B R O W S S F P
B O V A I A G L H P O E Q O Y
L A D G Q T O T X U N Z S C T
F A L S H R A I P O E T L A I
S I L A R T N E C A E V O F V
E C R O N Q I L E R M B P N A
H H V O S C T Y I S V B X D C
S O V I T R E O U S H U M O R
A R U Y E L R I R I S R K I O
L O H R I C K Q C X M Q B S I
E I X D A V A I U I M L H M R
Y D S V A R E L C S B Q A V E
E C I L I A R Y B O D Y E J T
V T R O M U H S U O E U Q A N
Y A E T U L A L U C A M L E A
ANTERIOR CAVITY AQUEOUS HUMOR BALANCE
CHOROID CILIARY BODY CONES
EYE BROWS EYE LASHES EYE LIDS
FOVEA CENTRALIS IRIS MACULA LUTEA
POSTERIOR CAVITY RETINA RODS
SCLERA VITREOUS HUMOR

8. Detailed image of the inner ear, vestibule, and
semicircular canals
Detailed structure of the Eye
Description on the Sense of Balance:
- The sense organs in the sense of balance are found in the vestibule and
semicircular canals. The sense organs located in the utricle and saccule function
in the static equilibrium (which is a function needed to sense the position of the
head relative to gravity or the sense acceleration or deceleration of the body).
The sense organs associated with the semicircular canals function in dynamic
equilibrium (which is a function needed to maintain balance when the head or
body itself is rotated or suddenly moved).

9. Dynamic Equilibrium:
- Depends on the crista ampullaris, located in the ampulla of each semicircular
canal. Each cone shaped crista is composed of many hair cells with their process
embedded in the gelatinous cap, called cupula. The cupula is a not weighted with
otoliths and does not respond to the pull of gravity.