12.16 In each parts (a)-(c), we have given the likely range for the observed value of a sample proportion. Based on the given range, identify the educated guess that should be used for the observed value of p to calculate the required sample size for a prescribed confidence level and margin of error. a. 0.4 to 0.7 b. 0.7 or greater c. 0.7 or less d. In each parts (a)-(c), which observed values of the sample proportion will yield a larger margin of error than the one specified if the educated guess is used for the sample size computation? Solution I have not heard of this term educated guess in thiscontext. There is a term, conservative estimate, which would be thenumber that you enter into the SD formula for proportions so thatthe SD is maximized. SD = [p(1-p)] So the conservative estimate for the SD is to let p =0.5. The sample size formula is: z1-/2 = / SE(phat) whichimplies below n = (z1-/2)2p(1-p) /2 In part a) p = 0.5. In part b) p = 0.7. In part c) p = 0.5. By using these numbers, we would get an upper bound in findingthe sample size calculation. However, my guess of the definition of an educatedguess is probably not right, because part d asks for what values ofthe sample proporiton will yield a larger margin or error. I\'musing the values of p that would guarantee the largest marginof error. Send me a PM for post a clarification asto the definition of an educated guess. Thanks, Mike.