Federalists Essays

Federalism Essay
Throughout history there have been a large quantity debates to decide the fate of America. In the late
18th century, America had finally broken off from Britain's control and was looking for a new form
of government. Originally, the Articles of Confederation connected the founding thirteen states of
America, which was a beginner version of a constitution. This eventually became an issue since these
articles did not give any power to the central government. Because of this, the states had many
problems in international politics since they had just found freedom and did not have the respect of
other countries. Eventually there was talk of the necessity of a new document of some sort to
attempt to give the central government a higher purpose...show more content...
Men like Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and Richard Henry strongly believed in the Anti–Federalist
movement, they tried to prove that a strong government could be found if the states could possess
most of the nation's control. "Nevertheless, great States have their own particular advantages which
it is necessary to recognize" (Tocqueville 70). The Anti–Federalists received their support from rural
areas, such as farmers, because these were the people who feared a stronger central government and
the addition to their tax burden. Many civilians who supported minimizing a strong central
government did not appeal to the fact that each state would have a representative, which basically
spoke for the entire state, since this representative cannot share multiple opinions. Anti–Federalists
were afraid of not being heard because under a strong central government in a large nation like
America, many opinions or concerns would not be taken under consideration. They believed that a
proper government would function better if all concerns are heard and dealt with. The
Anti–Federalists had written a series of articles arguing the constitution, called The Anti–Federalist
papers. These articles argued that the constitution would take away the freedom and rights that
America had won in the American Revolution and that the government would ignore the states and
only protect the rich. The Federalist Party clearly opposed most ideas from the Anti–Federalist party.
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Federalism Essay
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government that divides power between a national government and a
regional government with the use of a constitution. Throughout the United States history, federalism
has played a significant role in the constitution and the system of government adopted by the United
States of America. Federalism has also changed throughout the course of America's history to fit the
constitution and the government. Montesquieu was a French philosopher who was very important
in the American constitutional thought. He was a man who was referred to more that any other
theoretical writer and wrote, "The Spirit of the Laws." Some of Montesquie's theories or views were
that the Republic form of government was only...show more content...
He also believed that a right is of two kinds–– power and property. Hume was a man that was lead
by the influence of John Locke and George Berkeley. Hume also believed that we should just keep
and improve our ancient governments; hence, we prevent any new radical forms of government.
Federalism was incorporated in the constitution for many different reasons. One of the main reasons
federalism was added was to prevent the new form of government in the United States after the
Articles of Confederation of abusing its powers. Under federalism, state governments and the
national governments would have specific limit, and rights. Some of the limits and rights on the
national government were the right of habeus corpus, and control of interstate commerce. States
could not tax imports and exports, could not impair obligation of contracts. Federalism was created
to ensure both separate governments certain privileges. The Framers of the Constitution believed
that the competition between both of the governments would create an effective limitation on each
governments power. The Federalist Papers, numbers forty–five and forty–six, were written by James
Madison and supported some of the ideas of federalism in them. In Federalist Papers 45, Madison
wrote about "The Alleged Danger from the Powers of the Union to the State Governments."

Federalists Essay
The early years of the Constitution of the United States were full of political strife. The two
prominent political ideals were complete opposites. The Jeffersonian Republicans were focused
on giving power to the people and maintaining a pastoral economy, while the Federalists supported
the control of the government by the elite class, and maintaining "positive" democracy. Both
parties feared the influence and effect the other party would have on the public. In Linda K.
Kerber's article, "The Fears of the Federalists", the major concerns Federalists held in the early
19th century are described. Ever since the war with and separation from England, the citizens of
America were seen to be continually drive to "patriotic rebellion" as a way to...show more content...
Despite the vast amount of land available for agriculture, industry was created regardless, in order
to become more independent from Europe. Machinery was developed that would eliminate the
need for actually laborers, but at the same time this machinery needed laborers to work it6. Thus
the Proletariat formed. This class was negatively viewed by the Federalists as they believed that any
one who was dependent upon others was not virtuous and thus not a proper citizen. The condition of
the proletariat class was also poor, and the Federalists believed that the poor were more prone to
indecent behavior and unpredictability7. Kerber quotes Federalist Philip Barton Key, who stated
that men and boys in workshops were not expected to have the same stable constitution as those
who were in charge of their own salaries and independent in their lives8. What is meant is that those
who are rich and assured of their social and economic standing are not going to rebel. They have
influence in what matters to them politically, unlike those who are poor, who would have more
reason to start an uprising. Federalists also feared that the Republicans would "'...break down the
'barrier of habitual morality...both as it respects our civil & religious institutions..."9. Of course, this
referred to the cultivation of the public desire rather than the elite rich and educated. As

Federalist Papers #10 Essay
United we stand, divided we fall The Federalist Papers Number 10 is written by James Madison
and explains the necessity of the Constitution to protect our country from factions. A faction is "a
number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or minority of the whole, who are united and
actuated by some common impulse of passion or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens,
or to the permanent aggregate interests of the community (Publius, 72)." Publius states that there
are two ways to get rid of factions. The first way to eliminate a faction is to take the Liberty away
from all of the people in the faction. The other way to cure a faction is to give everyone the same
opinion. Both of this solutions are not possible...show more content...
Publius states that it is not possible to smother a faction but what our country can do is control its
effects. A republican form of government promises the cure of controlling factions. Through
elected officials, the peoples voice will be channeled and there will be, "more consonant to the
public good then if pronounced by the people themselves (Publius,77)." One way in which a
republic deals with factions is the delegation of government to elected officials. The object of the
elected officials is "to refine and enlarge the public views by passing them through the medium of
a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country
(Publius,76)." This in effect will put the power of our country into the hands of qualified
individuals. These individuals will be able to hear the voice of the people and decide what is the
right decision for the country. Another way that a republic guards against a faction is expanding to
include more people. In a large republic each representative will be chosen by a greater number of
citizens. The greater number of citizens will make it more difficult for unworthy candidates to gain
elected office. Elections are designed to allow people to choose the men that they want to be
represented by. People are more likely to choose the man with the most attractive merit and the most
established character thus preventing a man with vicious views to gain

Federalist Arguments
The document was ratified by 9 out of the 13 states. To generate support for ratification The
Federalist was published. In the Federalist, Alexander Hamilton argued that the there was a
perfect balance of liberty and power created by the Constitution. In the Federalist number 10 and
51, Madison had an new idea of the relationship between gov and society. He argued that the US
was not a source of weakness by stability. He also made the liberal idea that men were driven by
interest in themselves and that the good of society arises from the clash of private interests popular.

Federalist vs. Anti–Federalist
The road to accepting the Constitution of the United
States was neither easy nor predetermined. In fact during and after its drafting a wide–ranging
debate was held between those who supported the Constitution, the
Federalists, and those who were against it, the
Anti–Federalists. The basis of this debate regarded the kind of government the Constitution was
proposing, a centralized republic. Included in the debate over a centralized government were issues
concerning the affect the
Constitution would have on state power, the power of the different branches of government that the
Constitution would create, and the issue of a standing army. One of the most important concerns of
the...show more content...
46, James Madison addresses these concerns about the well being of the state governments under the
Constitution. Madison argues that the interests of the states will not be lost in Congress, because
the loyalty of the legislator will be first to the people of his district and then secondly to the benefit
of the whole country. Madison says that the "members of the Federal
Legislature will be likely to attach themselves too much to local objects"(Madison 239). Madison
tried to alleviate the concerns of the Anti–Federalist concerning what type of recourse the states
would have against Federal legislation by saying that the states would have powerful means of
opposition to any unfavorable or unwarranted legislation.
The powerful means of opposition Madison talks about is the displeasure of the people, whom
Madison believes to be the fountain from which the Federal government draws its power.
The second major concern of the Anti–Federalists was the power of Congress. It worried the
Anti–Federalists a great deal that the Constitution would grant Congress the power to tax in
"necessary and proper" circumstances (Main 122). Not only could Congress pass new taxes without
the consent of the people or state governments, the Anti–Federalist also felt that the Congress would
have control over the judiciary branch. If Congress had influence over the judicial system, what
recourse would the state have against unfair legislation? The

The Federalists
The ability to unify a nation in a liberal democracy and work towards obtaining a given objective
is incredibly difficult when everyone's opinion is supposed to be valued. However it's not just
valuing everyone's opinion that can cause concern, but the fact that people are allowed to act on
their opinions, no matter how radical or crazy they are to the majority of the population. This allows
for dissenting opinions against the general will to rise up and hold seats within the legislature;
therefore, legitimizing their claims by thrusting them into the public spotlight. This can be both
good and bad and it was explored in–depth by James Madison in The Federalist Papers. In his work
he states the obvious concerns factions can have on a society...show more content...
Madison's usage of the word "most" seems to the reader that he is assuming more than 50%,
however, those popular social movements consist of people of all economic standing on both sides.
Therefore, how can the unequal distribution of property be the cause of factions. Without factions
(according to Madison) society would have to be involved in a communist state to guarantee the
equal distribution of property so as not to cause factions to develop. However, society can't enter
into a state of an authoritarian regime because it needs to maintain liberty, a theme Madison believes
is unreplaceable. Instead of trying to remove factions by mandating a communist egalitarian world
view (which some people understand when they read Madison's work, not what Madison himself
said), society should embrace factions as an example of political and intellectual freedom working
beautifully. It demonstrates that dissenting views are able to properly lobby government officials,
through either being elected or organizing protests. There is validity to the claim that factions cause
unnecessary bureaucracy, however, the constitution of the United States formed a government that
intentionally worked this way, it was expected factions would rise up, that's why there is so many
checks and balances. The checks and balance system is the effective way of handling factions, not
removing liberty, and certainly not forming a communist egalitarian state. Factions are not only
necessary to maintaining a capitalist society, but they are also important in guaranteeing that
dissenting views and opinions are allowed to be heard. They serve a role and purpose in the echo

The Federalist Papers
Introduction
The Federalist Papers present a series of essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and
John Jay. This volume of eighty–five essays, written between October 1787 and May 1788, is
perhaps the most famous, and at the same time the most important newspaper column ever
published. These essays are considered to be among the most important documents of the Founding
period, together with the Constitution and Civil Rights Act. In these essays the authors provided
facts and justification for the Constitution, with also raising and discussing some of the most
important political issues of the time. The sole purpose for writing the essays was to convince
people of the State of New York to ratify the U.S. Constitution. People of New York and its political
leaders were strongly against the Constitution and they firmly opposed new government. The main
reason for that is the fact that the State of New York gain independence under theArticles of
Confederation and was becoming rich trough the trade. The citizens of this state believed that they
have no interest in ratifying the Constitution and joining the Union.
The writers of The Federalist Papers were very concerned that because of New York's reluctance and
decided to take the matter into their hands and came all the efforts in order to change their minds.
They were very well aware of the relationship between human nature and popular government.
Hamilton, Madison and Jay were apprehensive of the ethics of the

Federalism Essay
Federalism
The Constitution of the United States was drafted at a time when our country was in dire need of
many answers to political and social questions. In addition to many other things, the drafters of the
Constitution were concerned with solidifying our central government and the Constitution was
intended to provide a solid structure from which our burgeoning nation could grow. The Constitution
gave explicit powers to the federal government and provided the states with the Tenth Amendment
which states ,"Powers not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to
the states respectively…" Of the enumerated powers given to the federal government by the
Constitution, the interpretation of the...show more content...
Dual Federalism also relies on the notion that in a court of law, the Tenth Amendment gives the states
enough support to declare unconstitutional any act of the national government that infringes on the
reserved powers given to the states. Cooperative Federalism provides an entirely different view of
the relationship between the federal and state governments. Federal supremacy is the hallmark of
this ideology. Supporters of the cooperative federalist view prefer to employ a broad interpretation of
the Constitution. The legal basis on which cooperative federalism has been argued is threefold: (1)
Enumerated powers (e.g. Commerce Clause) should be interpreted in light of an expansive
Necessary and Proper Clause (2) The Supremacy Clause, as prescribed in Article 6, paragraph 2,
gives federal actions supremacy over state laws when made in pursuance of the Constitution and
when they are made using implied and enumerated powers (3) The Tenth Amendment does not give
states the power to contest federal laws. To suggest that that these two ideologies are contradictory is
an understatement. To understand which theory best identifies with the correct interpretation of the
Constitution, it is necessary to understand the circumstances that created the necessity for a
Constitution and the political circumstances that motivated decisions contrary to the correct
interpretation of the Constitution. The

Federalist Paper
Federalist Papers Federalist papers are a series of articles authored by Alexander Hamilton, James
Madison, and John Jay, which argued in favor of ratifying the proposed constitution of the United
States; the Federalist Papers outlined the philosophy and motivation of the document. Federalist
No. 10, Madison analyzes the nature, causes and effects of factions, by which he meant groups of
people motivated by a common economic and/or political interest. Factions are both the product
and prize of liberty, Madison argued that "by extending the sphere in which they can act, you make
it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of
other citizens." Factions are perceived as a problem because they mostly work against public
interest, and infringe upon the right of others; this is why factions is endemic in popular forms of
government, because in popular governments, factions band together to advance their own
self–interests at others' expense causing aggravation to the rest of the community.
There are ways to control and cure...show more content...
Checks and balances were created as institutional safeguards to prevent one branch of the
government from amassing to much power and influence; the Checks and balances separate the
powers that conform the powers of a country such as: legislative, executive and judicial power. The
legislative power is directed through the Congress, the executive power directed by the President,
and the judicial power by the Supreme Court. Federalism is the layered form of government that
integrates the national government and the local state governments, as expressed in the 10th
amendment of the Bill of Rights. Last, the electoral college, is a system of indirect election in which
the people chose electors whose allotment to the states according to the base on number of

Dual Federalism Essay
a)Federalism directly addresses relationships that deals with the division between national and state
governments. There are two types of Federalisms, one of them is called dual federalism. This means
that the states and national governments remain in their own spheres and is known as a "layer
cake". The second type of Federalism, is the cooperative federalism. Which is that powers and policy
assignments are shared between the states and national governments and is known as the "marble
cake".
b)Two types of powers used to increase federal government relative to the states are as following.
Categorical grants were specifically designed for a particular purpose. The states have to spend their
money according to government wishes. Also the

Federalist Essay
After winning their independence in the American Revolution, America's leaders were hesitant to
create a strong centralized government in fear that it would only replace King George III's tyranny.
As a result, the first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, gave the national government hardly
any power over the states, and created chaos within the nation. Because of the Articles' inefficiency, a
new document called the Constitution was drafted. The Constitution created a more centralized
government with the separation of powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The
ratification of this new constitution created a debate among the federalists and the anti–federalists.
The federalists were supporters of the...show more content...
2: Jay). Jay set out to persuade the public about the importance of their voice in ratifying the
Constitution by appealing to their sense of patriotism and by reminding them of their own powers to
judge upon the validity of the arguments. The federalists made it very clear that they, and the future
Constitution, would take the views of the public with serious consideration. In the same essay, Jay
also wrote that "the people must cede to it some of their natural rights, in order to vest it with
requisite powers." He reminded the people to look out for the interest of the nation as a whole.
Increasing distrust in public affairs and the search for private rights were some of the distresses the
infant nation was undergoing. "These must be chiefly, if not wholly, effects of the unsteadiness and
injustice with which a factious spirit has tainted our public administration" (No.10: Madison). The
federalists believed that a republican form of government was the best remedy in eliminating
factions, citizens with a common inspiring cause that acted harmfully to another, without destroying
liberty. This would be possible because a higher number of representatives would guard against the
factions, which would never become the majority under the republic. "After an unequivocal
experience of the inefficacy

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