1. Agenda
• Group discussion
• Presentation:
Summarizing, paraphrasing, quoting, interpret
ing sources
• Practice work
• Closing
• HW: 1) Re-read “Writing with Sources.”
Review Hacker APA pages for citation. Find 7080% of your sources and plug them into
updated outline to be turned in on Monday.

2. Guiding Questions for Groups
• After reading the “Thesis” introduction
section, what are your thoughts about how
your thesis statement might evolve?
• What did you learn from “Be Specific” that
you can steal and adapt?
• How complete is your “working outline?”
Where are the gaps? What is your strategy for
filling in the gaps?

3. Summarizing
• We summarizing when we need to cover a
broader landscape of information and don’t
need to go into much detail.
• Most often in our research paper, this will
occur in the “Introduction Summary” – that
one sentence in which we introduce each
source to our readers and give them basic
context.

4. Introduction Summary
• Seattle Times writer John Smith, in his March
2013 column titled “Don’t be a Hater,” outlines
the psychological side effects of focusing on the
negatives of other people.
• Maggie Smith understands the psychological
impact natural disasters have on a community.
The University of Kentucky professor examines
those impacts in her 2006 dissertation titled
“Disaster and the Community.” She focuses
chiefly on the effect disasters have on children.

5. Your Turn – Write an Intro Summary

6. Paraphrase
• We paraphrase the details we want to include
in our writing.
• By putting those details in our own words, we
show our readers (and ourselves) that we
understand our sources.
• It also allows us to integrate source material
into our writing while maintaining our own
voice.

7. How to Paraphrase
• Read the paragraph that you want to
paraphrase several times to really get the
meaning in your head.
• Then turn the paper over and write the idea
expressed in the paragraph in your own
words.

8. Your Turn – Paraphrase a Detail

9. Quoting
• We quote sparingly.
• Only quote when precision is important (such
as in definitions) or when the writing is so
beautiful it would be a crime to paraphrase it.

10. Your Turn – Find one sentence to
quote

11. Interpreting
• Here’s where you really show off your smarts.
• It’s important for you to explain to your
readers why the source material you have
chosen to paraphrase and include in your
essay is important and what it means.
• When appropriate, you also want your readers
to know how your source author has
succeeded or failed in his purpose in writing
that source.

12. Interpreting
• “This means that…”
• “This is important because…”
• “Although Smith succeeds in showing us how
severe glacial melting is, he fails to give
examples of the changes ordinary people can
make in their daily lives that could slow down
climate change.”

13. Your Turn – Interpret a quote or a
paraphrase you noted earlier

14. Integrating Sources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
We integrate when we put it all together:
Topic Sentence
Sentence of Paraphrase
Quote (maybe)
Sentence of Interpretation/Commentary
Repeat as appropriate
Close and Transition

15. Your Turn – Write a paragraph that integrates material
from this source and your interpretation.

16. Homework
• Re-read “Writing with Sources”
• Review Hacker book section on APA Citation
• Find 70-80 percent of your sources and layer
them into an updated outline that you will
turn in on Monday.