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Towards a Strategy for
Solar Power Indigenization
Syed Akhtar Ali
IEEEP Conference
15-16 March 2011
Solar power plant in U.A.E.

2
3
Comparative Solar Suitability of regions

4
Solar Energy Flow

5
Existing competitive solar
applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Solar Water Pumping
Mobile Towers
Pipelines and Railways Communication
Remote non-grid Rural Settlements
Schools and Hospitals
Replacements of Diesel Engines
Solar Water Heating
Solar Air-Conditioning
Comparative Capital Cost & Capacity
Factors
CAPEX (USD/KW)

Capacity Factor (%)

Oil/Gas

1000 – 1200

70 – 80

Coal

1500 – 2000

70 – 80

Nuclear

4000

90

Wind

2500

25 – 30

Solar

6000

25 – 30
Table 12: Energy Price Summary in the US
Year
2008

2009

2010

2011

WTI Crudea($/barrel)

99.57

61.66

77.97

83.00

Gasolineb($/gal)

3.26

2.35

2.74

2.92

Dieselc($/gal)

3.80

2.46

2.96

3.14

Heating Oild ($/gal)

3.38

2.52

2.92

3.10

Natural Gasd($/mcf)

13.89

11.96

11.54

11.91

Electricityd(cents/kwh)

11.26

11.55

11.59

11.75

West Texas Intermediate.
c
On-highway retail.
a

b
d

Average regular pump price.
U.S. Residential average.

Source: EIA USA: Short term energy outlook 2010

8
Solar Energy: Strength &
Weaknesses
Solars Main Strength ----

No Fuel Cost

Solars Main Problem

----

Low Capacity Factor

High Capital Cost

----

Transitional

Present Cost

----

25 cents/KWH (Twice High)

Solar Cost Goal

----

Under 10 cents/Kwh (2020)
Solar PV Module Pricing
Cost of PV Solar Electricity
Solar Insolation and PV output
• A sunny location (like Los Angeles, California, US)
receives an average of 5.5 hours of sunlight per day each
year.
• A cloudy location (like Hamburg, Germany) receives
2.5 hours per day of sunlight each year.
• A 1 kilowatt peak solar system generates around
1,600 kilowatt hours per year in a sunny climate and about
750 kilowatt hours per year in a cloudy climate.
Table 38: Daily Insulations rates for various seasons
& region of (latitude tilt) Pakistan (kwh/ m2/ day)
Summer
Southern Sindh Karachi

Spring

Fall

Winter

Annual

4.50- 5.0

6- 6.50

5.50- 6.00

2.50- 3

5.5- 6.0

Northern Sindh

6- 6.50

6.50- 7.0

6- 6.50

2.50- 3.0

6- 6.50

Eastern Sindh

6- 6.50

6.50- 7.0

6- 6.50

2.50- 3.0

6- 6.50

Western Sindh

6- 6.50

6- 6.50

5- 6.65

2.50- 3.0

6- 6.50

Northern Punjab

6- 6.50

6- 6.50

5.50- 6.0

4- 4.5

5.50- 6.0

Central Punjab

6- 6.50

6- 6.50

5.50- 6.0

4- 4.5

5.50- 6.0

Lower Punjab

6- 6.50

6.50- 7.0

6- 6.50

4- 4.5

6- 6.50

Northern Baluchistan

7- 7.50

6.50- 7.0

7- 7.50

4- 4.55

6- 6.50

6.50- 7.0

6.50- 7.0

6- 6.5

4- 4.5

6- 6.50

4- 4.50

6.50- 7.0

5.50- 6.0

2.50- 3.0

5.50- 6.0

5.50- 6.0

4.50- 5.0

5- 5.50

2.50- 3.0

5- 5.50

NWFP North

7- 7.50

4.50- 5.0

5.5- 6.0

4- 4.50

5- 5.50

NWFP Central

6- 6.50

6- 6.50

5.5- 6.00

5.50- 6.0

NWFP South

6- 6.50

6- 6.50

5.5- 6.00

5.50- 6.0

Central Baluchistan
Southern Baluchistan
Northern Areas

Source = Maps U.S AID/ SARI/ NREL
Grid-connected PV System
Global PV market present
status future development

wafer-based c-Si % 90«
thin film SC % 10«
PV Module
Family of PV cell
Best Research-Cell Efficiencies
Thin Flexible Film PV
Thin Flexible Film PV
Thin Flexible Film PV
Roll-to-roll PV Cell Printer
on Stainless Steel web sheets
Xunlight’s flexible thin-film laminates
Solar Thermal Power
• Parabolic Trough
• Solar Dish
• Heliostat-Tower
• Linear Reflector
• Others
Parabolic Trough

40
Optical Principles - PT

41
Installation Sensitivity

42
Parabolic Trough Schematic

43
Parabolic Mirror Layer Construction

Glass
Silver
Copper
Prime Coat
Intermediate Coat
Top Coat
Flat glass substrates: Composition
Substrate

Alkali Contents Cost Factor

soda-lime-silica

Na-rich

1

borosilicate

Na-poor

10

alumo-borosilicate Na-free
silica

Na-free

15
5000
Parabolic Trough

48
Recommendation for Enquete-Commission of the
German Parliament

49
Parabolic Troughs Park

50
Optical Principles - PT

51
Installation Sensivity

52
Parabolic Trough Assembly

53
Parabolic Trough Schematic

54
Heating Element
Heating Element Tube

56
Cross section of the coated absorber tube

57
Parabolic Trough with HCE tube

58
Reflectech Mirror Film

59
Masdar partners with Total and Abengoa Solar to
build world's largest concentrated solar power plant

60
PS10, 10 MWe Solar Central Receiver Power Plant

62
Power Tower - Heliostats
Solar Dish 25-30 KW
Solar Dish Power Plant
VIDEO
YouTube - Stirling Dish 500MW solar power plant.flv

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Towards a strategy for solar power indigenization_Pakistan