This document summarizes 3 scientific papers about camel reproduction: 1. The first paper found that melatonin implants can induce early follicle growth in camels ahead of the natural breeding season, leading to improved fertility when they are mated. 2. The second paper evaluated different supplements for chilled storage of camel semen and found that an extender containing 20% pigeon egg yolk plasma and 20% camel skim milk best maintained semen quality. 3. The third paper examined the epididymis of camels and found seasonal variations in histological and morphometric features, with decreased activity in winter and increased activity in the rainy summer months.

1. Presentation: Scientific papers Brief
1- Sonographic monitoring of early follicle growth induced by melatonin implants
in camels and the subsequent fertility.
2- Supplementation of tris-based extender with plasma egg yolk of six avian
species & camel skim milk for chilled preservation of dromedary camel semen.
3- Histological and morphometric studies on the dromedary camel epididymis
in relation to reproductive activity.

2. 02 001

3. Sonographic monitoring of early follicle growth induced by
melatonin implants in camels and thesubsequent fertility
S.Dholpuria - S. Vyas - G.N. Purohitc - K.M.L.Pathakd
INDIA
A brief summary about
By Faisal A. Alshamiry Supervision: Ayman Swelum
01

4. Effect of melatonin implants on follicle growth in
dromedary camels two months ahead of their natural
breeding season.
(December to March)
NOV.
4 MONTHS
01

5. Melatonin Implants Implant Vitamin A.
Con.Treat.
SubcutaneousSubcutaneous
01

6. Ovarian Ultrasonography/ 7 weeks
Blood was collected on day 7, 9, 15, 20, 25 and 30
PROGESTERONE
Camels were mated with virile stud when a follicle
01

7. RESULTS
Small Follicles (2-3 Mm)
Appeared Around the Periphery of Ovaries In
83.3% - Day 7.
100% -Day 14.
7th week an ovulatory size follicle (≥1.0 cm)
83.3% of treated camels,
and these camels were mated with virile studs.
Small Follicles (2-3 Mm)
Appeared Around the Periphery of Ovaries In
66.6% . One Camel
Ovulating size (≥10 mm) follicle was not
observed in any camel by the 7week.
16.6
- 33.33% camels became PREGNANT by
the end of breeding season.
- All treated camels ovulated and one treated
camel became PREGNANT
- Early embryonic death occurred in one camel
Con.Treat.
01

8. CONCLUSION
• Melatonin implants can augment the follicle growth in lactating camels
ahead of the breeding season and pregnancy can occur on mating.
• Fertility of treated camels during the breeding season is improved.
01

9. 02 001

10. Supplementation of tris-based extender with plasma egg
yolk of six avian species and camel skim milk for chilled
preservation of dromedary camel semen
Farnaz Panahi – AmirNiasari -Naslajiab – Fahimehsadat Seyedasgari - Tahereh Ararooti - Kamal Razavib - Ali Akbar - Moosavi-Movaheddic
Animal Reproduction Science 2017
A brief summary about
By Faisal A. Alshamiry Supervision: Ayman Swelum
02

11. • What is the best source and concentration of plasma egg yolk
extracted from six avian species
• Find out the right concentration of camel skim milk as
supplements in tris based semen extender for chilled storage of
dromedary camel semen
02

12. • Dromedary pure breed native racing camel bulls (4) aged 6–10 years.
• Were used for semen collection twice a week during the breeding season.
• Preparation of extenders:
1- SHOTOR diluent
2- Plasma egg yolk 74 n
Sebright
fowl 10n
Domestic
duck 10n
Japanese
quail 20n
Partridge
10n
Pigeon
16n
Guinea fowl
8n
• Egg yolk was diluted with SHOTOR diluent (v / v) at the ratio of 1: 1
02

13. Exp.1 Exp.2 Exp.3
Treat.
20% PEY
20
%
40
%
60
%
80
%
0
CSM
60
%
40
%
20
%
0%80
%
SHOTOR
diluent
20% CSM
10
%
20
%
30
%
40
%
0
PEY
70
%
60
%
50
%
40
%
80
%
SHOTOR
diluent
PEY six avian
species
six avian
species
six avian
species
60%
SHOTOR diluent
CSM
CSM
SHOTOR
20% CSM
20% PEY
02

14. Exp.1 Exp.2 Exp.3
Treat.RESULTS
Total motility
showed the same pattern over time
Progressive forward motility(PFM)
pigeon PEY had better PFM
compared to guinea fowl,
partridge and domestic chicken PEYs
PFM decreased throughout the time.
Live percentage
reduction in live ability from Times 6–24
Plasma membrane integrity
where pigeon PEY was better than guinea fowl PEY,
but similar to the PEY of other avian species.
All experimental groups indicated the same pattern
over time where there was continuous decline in PMI
Total motility
The effect of CSM concentrations was
significant.
20% concentration of CSM displayed better
TM compared to other.
Reduction in TM from Times 6–24
Progressive forward motility(PFM)
At Times 6 and 12, the respective PFM
was superior in diluted semen
supplemented with 20% CSM
compare to other con.
Live percentage
Diluted semen supplemented with 20% CSM showed
higher LA. compared to 40%, 60% & 80% CSM.
Reduction in live percentage from Times 6–24.
Plasma membrane integrity
Different concentrations of CSM showed significant
difference in PMI.
0 & 20% concentrations of CSM superior to 60 & 80%
Total motility
TM/PEY was superior in 20% compared
to 40% of pigeon.
Total motility displayed continuous
reduction over time in all Exp. groups.
Progressive forward motility(PFM)
significant difference in PFM among
different concentrations of PEY.
where 20% concentration of pigeon PEY
was better than 0 &40% concentrations.
PFM reduced continuously over time.
Live percentage
All groups showed reduction
in live ability over time
Plasma membrane integrity
PMI displayed continuous reduction over time
02

15. RESULTSExp.1 02
?? ?

16. RESULTSExp.2 02
??

17. RESULTSExp.3
Fig. 3. Viability assessment of
dromedary camel semen
diluted with tris based
extender supplemented with
20% pigeon plasma egg yolk
and varying concentrations of
camel skim milk.
ABCBar charts hold different
letters at any single time point
indicate significant difference
among experimental groups
(P < 0.05).
EFBar charts hold different
letters indicate significant
difference within
experimental groups over
time (P < 0.05).
02

18. • HASHI diluent consists of 60% SHOTOR diluent,
• 20% pigeon plasma egg yolk,
• 20% camel skim milk could provide a suitable extender for chilled
storage of dromedary camel semen.
CONCLUSION
02

19. 02 01
03

20. Histological and morphometric studies on the
dromedary camel epididymis in relation to
reproductive activity
Zarroug HassanI brahim - Shio KumarSingh
India
A brief summary about
By Faisal A. Alshamiry Supervision: Ayman Swelum
03

21. Describe the histological and morphometric features of
the different regions of epididymis during the breeding
and non-breeding seasons in the Sudanese camels.
03

22. 4 each month/one year= Specimens from the caput, corpus & cauda regions of the epididymis48
5-10 Y
A. Head of epididymis
B. B. Body of epididymis
C. C. Tail of epididymis
D. D. Vas deferensCaput (a),
Corpus (b)
Cauda (c).
Measurements of epithelial thickness, stereocilial length, luminal
diameter and thickness of smooth muscle layer.
03

23. Psuedostratified
Epithelium
Stereocilia
Apical Cells
Halo Cells
03

24. Photomicrographs of camel epididymitis stained with H&E.
(A)Caput region showing tall pseudostratified columnar
epithelium with long stereocilia (st), principal cells (p), apical
cells (a) and halo cells (h).
(B)Cauda region showing low epithelium and stereocilia with
basal cells (b), dark cells (d) between the principal cells (p) and
wide lumen filled with spermatozoa (sp).
(C)Corpus region showing high epithelium and lamina propria
(l) surrounded by a thin smooth muscle coat (m) and
peritubular connective tissue (ct).
(D)Cauda region showing low epithelium with abundant
vacuoles (v) and lamina propria (l) surrounded by a thick
smooth muscle coat (m).
General histological observations
03

25. Photomicrographs of camel epididymis stained with H&E:
Caput region
(A) during winter showing increased epithelial and stereocilial
height decreased luminal diameter and decreased luminal
spermatozoa from that seen in caput region
(B) during summer.
(C) Cauda region (C) during winter showing increased
epithelial and stereocilial heights, decreased luminal
diameter and decreased luminal spermatozoa from
that observed in cauda (D) during summer.
Seasonal observations
(A)
(B)
Fig. 3.
03

26. Epididymis
region
Season Epithelial height
Stereocilial
length
Luminal
diameter
Muscular
thickness
Caput
Winter 78.97 ± 3.79 21.90 ± 1.80 154.31 ± 7.75 19.62 ± 4.20
Summer 74.22 ± 3.27 18.70 ± 2.07 162.22 ± 3.27 26.10 ± 4.50
Corpus
Winter 51.71 ± 4.49 16.04 ± 3.09 167.94 ± 18.09 28.71 ± 5.02
Summer 48.92 ± 2.04 12.12 ± 2.00 195.38 ± 18.43 32.92 ± 3.99
Cauda
Winter 48.78 ± 9.34a 12.70 ± 1.81a 273.55 ± 14.10 31.21 ± 6.30
Summer 32.53 ± 8.88 6.95 ± 1.99 331.23 ± 28.69a 48.06 ± 1.99a
Table 1. Seasonal morphometric parameters of different epididymis regions in camel.
Values (mean ± SD, N = 24) are in Micrometres (μm).
a Values are significantly different in cauda region during winter and summer seasons.
03

27. • Our results suggest that the epididymis of Sudanese dromedary
camel is active throughout the year,
• Though there is a variation in the activity during winter and summer
months,
• With a decrease in winter and an increase in summer especially in
the rainy months (July, August and September).
CONCLUSION
03

28. #agrfaisal