5. Ventilator
Introduction
A ventilator is a machine which is designed to
mechanically move breathable air into and out
of the lungs, to provide the mechanism of
breathing for a patient who is physically not
able to breathe sufficiently.
6. A machine that mechanically assists a patient in the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide a process
sometimes referred to as artificial respiration.
7. Ventilation
It is a method of controlling the environment with the air ,
and can be defined as the movement of air between the
environment and lungs via inhalation and exhalation.
8. How does ventilator work
A ventilator uses pressure to blow air into the lungs.
This pressure is known as positive pressure. A patient
usually exhales the air on their own, but sometimes the
ventilator does it for them too.
The amount of oxygen the patient receives can be
controlled through a monitor connected to the
ventilator. If the patient’s condition is particularly
fragile, the monitor will be set up to send an alarm to
the caregiver, indicating an increase in air pressure.
9. The machine works by bringing oxygen to the lungs
and taking carbon dioxide out of the lungs. This allows
a patient who has trouble breathing to receive the
proper amount of oxygen. It also helps the patient’s
body to heal, since it eliminates the extra energy of
labored breathing.
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11. Ventilation Parameters
Breathing
It is taking air in (inspiration) and out of your lungs
(expiration). It can be consciously controlled (voluntary
action)
Respiration
It is defined as movement of gas molecules across a
membrane.
External respiration
Movement of O2 from the lungs into bloodstream and of
CO2 from bloodstream into alveoli.
12. Internal respiration
Movement of CO2 from the cells into the blood and
movement of O2 from the blood into cells.
Tidal Volume(tv)
volume of gas exchanged each breath; can change as
ventilation pattern changes.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Maximum volume that can be inspired.
13. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Maximum volume that can be expired.
Residual Volume (RV)
volume remaining in the lungs and airways following a
maximum expiratory effort
Vital Capacity (VC)
Maximum volume of gas that can be exchanged in a single
breath VC = TV + IRV + ERV
14. Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Maximum volume of gas that the lungs(and airways) can
contain TLC = VC + RV = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Volume of gas remaining in the lungs (and airways) at the
end expiratory position FRC = RV + ERV
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19. Positive pressure ventilator
Positive pressure ventilation means that
airway pressure is applied at the patient's airway
through an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube.
The positive nature of the pressure causes the gas to
flow into the lungs until the ventilator breath is
terminated
20. Negative pressure Ventilator
Negative pressure ventilation is
mechanical ventilation in
which negative pressure is generated
on the outside of the chest and
transmitted to the interior to expand
the lungs and allow air to flow in.
