Human Genetics Margaret E. Vorndam, M.S. Version 42-0068-00-01 Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate student’s writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor obseRvations Data Table 1: Single-gene Traits of a Selected Population Subject # > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total XX Female XX XY Male FF,Ff = unattached ff = attached ff RR,Rr = roller R rr = can’t roll SS,Ss = straight thumb ss = bent thumb ss MM,Mm = hair mm = no hair mm TT,Tt = left on top T tt = right on top LL,Ll = two tendons L ll = three tendons ( E x p e ri m e n t ) ( H u ma n G e n e t i c s ) ( 14 7 ) ( © H a nds-On L a bs, I n c . ) ( w w w . L a b P a q . c o m ) Exercise 1: Patterns in Human Inheritance Traits Questions A. What observations can be made about the collected and charted data? B. Are any two people exactly the same? If so, how closely are they related? C. Is your hypothesis supported by the findings? What statistical tool might help you to make this decision? D. In the totals that you recorded in Table 1, did you find that the number of dominant phenotypes were greater than, equal to, or less than the recessive phenotypes? E. Can you explain what possible genotypes are suggested by this pattern? Does this vary by trait? ( 150 ) ( © H a nds-On L a bs, I n c . ) ( w w w . L a b P a q . c o m ) F. Would you expect this outcome? Why or why not? G. How would changing the level of the mapped traits affect the chart? For instance, if the alleles for male or female were on the outer rim of the chart, rather than in the middle, how would the pattern observed differ from Figure 10-1? H. List several other traits that humans have that are governed by genetics. I. Would your data vary if you went to another part of the world, for instance, China? J. Why might collected data show different patterns for different cultural populations? K. Would you expect that the pattern would be different if collected 100 years ago instead of today? Why or why not? ( 151 ) ( © H a nds-On L a bs, I n c . ) ( w w w . L a b P a q . c o m ) L. If you had percentages of dominant and recessive genes present for the total number of alleles of a trait for .

1. Human Genetics
Margaret E. Vorndam, M.S.
Version 42-0068-00-01
Lab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal
laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a
summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and
data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The
intent is to facilitate student’s writing of lab reports by
providing this information in an editable file which can be sent
to an instructor
obseRvations
Data Table 1: Single-gene Traits of a Selected Population
Subject # >
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2. 13
14
15
Total
XX Female
XX
XY Male

3. FF,Ff = unattached
ff = attached
ff

4. RR,Rr = roller
R
rr = can’t roll
SS,Ss = straight thumb

5. ss = bent thumb
ss
MM,Mm = hair

6. mm = no hair
mm
TT,Tt = left on top
T

7. tt = right on top
LL,Ll = two tendons
L

8. ll = three tendons
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Exercise 1: Patterns in Human Inheritance Traits
Questions
A. What observations can be made about the collected and
charted data?
B. Are any two people exactly the same? If so, how closely are
they related?

11. C. Is your hypothesis supported by the findings? What
statistical tool might help you to make this decision?
D. In the totals that you recorded in Table 1, did you find that
the number of dominant phenotypes were greater than, equal to,
or less than the recessive phenotypes?
E. Can you explain what possible genotypes are suggested by
this pattern? Does this vary by trait?
(
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F. Would you expect this outcome? Why or why not?

13. G. How would changing the level of the mapped traits affect
the chart? For instance, if the alleles for male or female were on
the outer rim of the chart, rather than in the middle, how would
the pattern observed differ from Figure 10-1?
H. List several other traits that humans have that are governed
by genetics.
I. Would your data vary if you went to another part of the
world, for instance, China?

14. J. Why might collected data show different patterns for
different cultural populations?
K. Would you expect that the pattern would be different if
collected 100 years ago instead of today? Why or why not?
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L. If you had percentages of dominant and recessive genes
present for the total number of alleles of a trait for the entire
world, would you expect that percentage to change over 100
years? Why or why not?
Exercise 2: Human Chromosomes and the Human
Genome Project
ResuLts
Report on your findings. Your report should be limited to a
page in length and may incorporate the outline of research

16. points above.

17. Questions
A. What is the purpose of this exercise?
B. What is the prognosis on genetic diseases in the future? Do
you believe that microsurgery to “fix” chromosomal aberrations
will some day prevent the diseases that are listed in the List of
Genetically Mediated Diseases in Humans?
LaboRatoRy summaRy
What have you learned from doing this laboratory?
RefeRences

18. Copyright © 2008 by Margaret E. Vorndam, 1413 County Road
671, Rye, CO 81069
Macromolecules of Life
Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0085-00-01
Lab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal
laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a
summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and
data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The
intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by
providing this information in an editable file which can be sent
to an instructor.
Exercise 1: Testing for Proteins
Data Table 1: Biuret results.
Substance Tested
Predicted Results
Biuret Color & Number of drops added

19. 1: Egg white
2: Pepsin
3: Sugar
4: Distilled water
Questions
A. Which of the test tubes are the positive and negative
controls? B. What conclusions can be made about this
experiment?
C. How might biuret reagent be used in a practical real-life
situation? D. How did the predicted results compare to the
actual results?

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Exercise 2: Testing for Sugars
obseRvations

22. Data Table 2: Benedict’s Reagent Results.
Test Sample
Predicted Results
Benedict’s results
#1 Glucose
#2 Starch
# 3 Onion juice
#4 Distilled Water

23. Questions
A. Which of the test tubes are used as the positive and negative
controls? B. How did the predicted results compare to the
actual results?
C. What can be concluded from this experiment?
D. How might Benedict’s reagent test be used in a practical
real-life situation?
Exercise 3: Testing for Starch
obseRvations
A. Write a hypothesis about whether a potato or onion has the
most starch.
Observations Table: Exercise 3
A. View of potato under pocket microscope. Magnification =
B. View of potato cells with IKI. Magnification =

24. Observations Table: Exercise 3
A. View of onion cells without IKI. Magnification =
B. View of onion cells with IKI. Magnification =
Questions
A. Which vegetable has the most starch?
B. What is the purpose of starch in vegetables? Hint: What is
the function of stored sugar?
C. How might the IKI reagent test be used in a practical real-
life situation?
D. Did the results differ from your hypothesis? Explain.

25. Exercise 4: Testing for Lipids
obseRvations
Data Table 3: Lipid test results.
Macromolecule Being
Tested
Hypothesis: contain
lipid or not
Results from test
Potato
Onion
Oil
dH2O
Questions
A. What is the test substance?
B. Which test represents the control?

26. C. Which test contained the most test substance?
D. Did the results agree with the initial hypothesis in every
case? Explain why or not.
Exercise 5: Making Mayonnaise
ConCLusions
A. If you were given a piece of hot dog and a piece of carrot,
using what you learned in these exercises, how would you
analyze the composition of these materials?
B. What classes of compounds are present in living organisms
that are not tested for in this exercise?
Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0006-06-01

27. Lab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal
laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a
summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and
data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The
intent is to facilitate student’s writing of lab reports by
providing this information in an editable file which can be sent
to an instructor
puRpose
Explain why you did this exercise. Where there any safety
precautions you needed to follow? If so, what were they?
Exercise 1: Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle
obseRvations
Sketch and label your slide in the space provided. Include a
description of the structures you observed on the slide.

28. Questions
A. What are some unique structural features of cardiac muscle?
B. What are intercalated discs and what do they do?
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C. Why does cardiac muscle have to be both elastic and
strong?
D. Which of the three layers of the heart did the tissue used to
make your slide originate from?
Exercise 2: The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits Questions A.
Trace the flow of blood through the pulmonary and systemic

31. circuits. Begin in the right atrium
and end in the superior/inferior vena cava. Be sure to list every
vessel, heart chamber, and heart
valve the blood flows through.
B. Explain what you learned from the online human heart
dissection.
Exercise3:SheepHeartDissection/CatHeart
Dissection and Comparison
Questions
A. Compare the structure of the fetal pig heart and sheep heart.
How are they similar? How are they different?
B. Why is the heart referred to as a double pump?

32. C. There are four valves in the heart. Name each valve, list its
location and give its function.
D. Compare the left and right sides of the dissected heart. What
differences do you see?

33. E. Compare and contrast the functions of the atria and the
ventricles.
F.Where is the myocardium located?
G. How does the heart supply blood to its own cells?
Cell Membrane Transport
Hands-On Labs, Inc. Version 42-0034-00-01
Lab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal
laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a
summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and
data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The
intent is to facilitate students’ writing of lab reports by
providing this information in an editable file which can be sent
to an instructor.
Exercise 1: Diffusion through an Artificial Membrane
obseRvations
Data Table 1: Changes During Dialysis
Color

34. Before Dialysis
After Dialysis
Solution
in cup 1