Recycling and composting are important parts of an overall management scheme, but their connections to other management practices must be understood. Discuss how a major increase in domestic-waste recycling and composting affects management schemes that rely on: Bulk incineration Strictly landfilling Solution Bulk Incineration One of the most effective methods of reducing the volume and weight of solid waste is by burning it in a well designed furnace.\' When the available land is scarce, disposal requirements are string out and destruction of toxic water is necessary, incineration is the best method for treatment of solid waste. There are mainly stages involved in the process of incineration first drying and them combustion. Drying and combustion may be accomplished either in separate mits as successively in the same unit depending on temperature constraints and control parameter. Estimation of oxygen requirement and heat balance are very vital for efficient functioning of the incineration process. This method is widely used in countries like USA where the calorific value of refuse is high and hence are quite suitable for burning. Large scale air pollution particularly due to the emission of dioxins remains a serious problem with the incinerators. The process is a bit expensive and requires a lot of technical know how. Strictly Land Filling Important aspect in the implementation of sanitary landfills include : (1) site selection, (2) land filling methods (3) occurrence of gases and leachate in landfills and (4) movement and control of landfill gases and leachate.\' The following event occur when major increase in domestic-waste recycling and composting affects management schemes : Biological decay of organic materials (aerobically/ anaerobically) with evolution of gases and liquids. Chemical oxidation of waste materials. Escape of gases from the fill. Movement of liquids caused by differential heads. dissolving and leaching of organic and inorganic materials by water and leachate moving through the fills. movement of dissolved material by concentration gradients and osmosis. uneven settlement caused by consolidation of material into voids. Gases found in landfills include air, ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen, sulfide, methane, nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and methane are the principal gases produced from the anaerobic decomposition of the organic solid-waste components. The movement of gases in landfills can be controlled by constructing vents and barriers and by gas recovery. The movement of landfill gases can be controlled by landfill sealants. Compacted clay is most commonly used as landfill sealants. .

1. Recycling and composting are important parts of an overall management scheme, but their
connections to other management practices must be understood. Discuss how a major increase in
domestic-waste recycling and composting affects management schemes that rely on: Bulk
incineration Strictly landfilling
Solution
Bulk Incineration
One of the most effective methods of reducing the volume and weight of solid waste is by
burning it in a well designed furnace.'
When the available land is scarce, disposal requirements are string out and destruction of toxic
water is necessary, incineration is the best method for treatment of solid waste.
There are mainly stages involved in the process of incineration first drying and them combustion.
Drying and combustion may be accomplished either in separate mits as successively in the same
unit depending on temperature constraints and control parameter.
Estimation of oxygen requirement and heat balance are very vital for efficient functioning of the
incineration process.
This method is widely used in countries like USA where the calorific value of refuse is high and
hence are quite suitable for burning.
Large scale air pollution particularly due to the emission of dioxins remains a serious problem
with the incinerators.
The process is a bit expensive and requires a lot of technical know how.
Strictly Land Filling
Important aspect in the implementation of sanitary landfills include : (1) site selection, (2) land
filling methods (3) occurrence of gases and leachate in landfills and (4) movement and control of
landfill gases and leachate.'
The following event occur when major increase in domestic-waste recycling and composting
affects management schemes :
Biological decay of organic materials (aerobically/ anaerobically) with evolution of gases and
liquids.
Chemical oxidation of waste materials.

2. Escape of gases from the fill.
Movement of liquids caused by differential heads.
dissolving and leaching of organic and inorganic materials by water and leachate moving
through the fills.
movement of dissolved material by concentration gradients and osmosis.
uneven settlement caused by consolidation of material into voids.
Gases found in landfills include air, ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen,
hydrogen, sulfide, methane, nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and methane are the principal
gases produced from the anaerobic decomposition of the organic solid-waste components.
The movement of gases in landfills can be controlled by constructing vents and barriers and by
gas recovery.
The movement of landfill gases can be controlled by landfill sealants.
Compacted clay is most commonly used as landfill sealants.