This document discusses various methods for classifying malocclusions. It describes Lischer's primary classification system which categorizes malocclusions based on their etiology as cephalic anomalies, dysgnathic anomalies, or euognathic anomalies. It also discusses Berger's classification by body type and Bennett's classification according to etiology. Additionally, it outlines Angle's classification system which categorizes malocclusions based on the relationship of the upper and lower first molars. It provides descriptions of Angle Classes I, II, and III malocclusions. The document also briefly discusses Simon's classification system which relates the position of the teeth to three anatomical planes.

1. Classification of malocclusion

2. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification

3. 1-Lischer classification
Cephalic anomalies
Deformities of osseous components
of the head
◼ Microcephaly (retrognathia)
◼ Macrocephaly ( spacing&
prognathism)
◼ Osteogenic (hyperosteosis of
the maxilla – overgrowth of
mandibular width and depth –
retardation of dentition )
Dysgnathic anomalies
Term denotes gross developmental
abnormalities of the teeth, dental
arches, jaws, etc…
◼ Macroglossia
◼ Microglossia
◼ Aglossia
◼ Clefts
◼ Abnormal labial fenum
◼ Agnathia
◼ Tumors
◼ Periodontal diseases
◼ Systemic diseases with oral
manifestation

4. 1-Lischer classification
Euognathic anomalies
Anomalies of teeth only
◼ Impaction
◼ Retardation of eruption
◼ Abnormal tooth
position(labioversion, linguversion,
mesioversion, infraversion, ….)

5. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification

6. 2- Berger classification
Asthenic or liptosomatic
(long and slender)
◼ Underdeveloped mandible
◼ Bridge of the nose is
overdeveloped

7. 2- Berger classification
Pyknic
(short and square)
◼ Broad face
◼ Short neck
◼ Face height is less than
asthenic

8. 2- Berger classification
Athletic
(muscular type)
◼ Fully developed mandible
◼ Well developed skeleton

9. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification

10. 3- Bennett classification
◼ Class I : abnormal position of one or more teeth
due to local etiologic factors
◼ Class II: abnormal development of the upper and /
or lower arch due to developmental defect of the
bone
◼ Class III: malrelation of the upper and lower arches
to each other or to the face due to developmental
defect of the bone

11. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification

12. 4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
◼ Angle classification

13. Angle classification
◼ Key of occlusion is upper first molar
◼ Upper first molar is a fixed point

14. Angle classification
◼ Class I
◼ Class II (division 1 & 2)
◼ Class III

15. Angle Class I malocclusion
◼ Normal molar relationship
◼ Malocclusion is localized
anterior to the first molar
◼ Crowding
◼ Spacing
◼ Crossbite
◼ Deep bite
◼ Open bite
◼ Impacted canine or
premolar

16. Angle Class II malocclusion
◼ The mandibular arch is in
distal relationship to the
maxillary arch

17. Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion
◼ Proclined upper incisors
◼ Excessive overjet and overbite
◼ V- shaped upper arch
◼ Short upper lip
◼ Incompetent lips
◼ Mandible may be deficient
◼ Underdeveloped chin

18. Angle Class II division II malocclusion
◼ Retroclined upper centrals
which may be overlapped
by upper laterals
◼ deep overbite
◼ broad upper arch
◼ normal upper lip
◼ Deep mental groove
◼ Mandible is of good size

19. Angle Class II subdivision
◼ The first molar
relationship is class I in
one side and class II in
the other side

20. Angle Class III malocclusion
◼ The mandibular arch is in
mesial relationship to the
maxillary arch

21. Angle Class III subdivision
◼ The first molar
relationship is class I
in one side and class
III in the other side

22. Validity of angle classification
◼ Upper first molar is not fixed
◼ It is possible to have class II dental arches on skeltal
class I bases
◼ It does not differentiate between mandibular
retrusion or maxillary protrusion in class II (same for
class III)
◼ It is incomplete ( consider only anteroposterior
direction( (neglect vertical and transverse direction)

23. Modifications of Angle classification
1-Lischer’s modification
◼ Neutrocclusion (class I)
◼ Distocclusion (class II)
◼ Mesiocclusion (class III)
◼ Buccoversion
◼ Linguversion
◼ Supraversion (deep bite)
◼ Infraversion ( open bite)
◼ Transiversion
(transposition)
◼ Axiversion (wrong axial
angulation or inclination)

24. Modifications of Angle classification
2- Dewey’s modification
Dewey divided angle’s class I into 5 types:
◼ Type 1: crowded maxillary anteriors
◼ Type 2:maxillary incisors in labioversion
◼ Type 3:maxillary incisors in linguversion
◼ Type4: molars and occasionally premolars in buccoversion or
linguversion – normal anteriors and normal dental arches
relationship
◼ Type 5:molars in mesioversion due to loss of teeth anterior to
molars- rest of teeth are normal

25. 1- primary classification (Lischer)
2-Classification by body type (Berger)
3-classification according to etiology
(Bennett)
4- classification according to dental arch
relationship
A- Angle classification
B- Simon classification

26. Simon Classification
◼ He relate the denture to the face and cranium
in the three planes of space
◼ Frankfort plane
◼ Orbital plane
◼ Mid-sagittal plane

27. ◼ The Frankfort plane
Used to determine the
deviation in the height of the
dental arches and teeth in
relation to the face and
cranium
◼ Attraction: short distance
between the occlusal plane
and Frankfort plane
◼ Abstraction: long distance
between the occlusal plane
and Frankfort plane
Simon Classification

28. ◼ The orbital plane
◼ This plane is perpendicular
to the Frankfort plane at the
margin of the bony orbit
directly under the pupil of
the eye
◼ Used to determine the
sagittal deviation of the
dental arches and teeth in
relation to the face and
cranium
◼ The orbital plane passes
through the distal aspect of
the canine ( the law of the
canine)
Simon Classification

29. ◼ The orbital plane
◼ Protraction: the dental
arch is anteriorly placed
to the orbital plane
◼ Retraction: the dental
arch is posteriorly
placed to the orbital
plane
Simon Classification

30. ◼ The mid-sagittal plane
◼ This plane is perpendicular
to the Frankfort plane at the
median palatine raphe
◼ Contraction: the dental arch
is nearer to the mid-sagittal
plane
◼ Distraction: the dental arch
is farther away from the
mid-sagittal plane
Simon Classification