This document discusses the sawtooth wave and its generator circuit. It defines a sawtooth wave as a non-sinusoidal triangular waveform with unequal rise and fall times. The general circuit for a sawtooth wave generator is presented, using components like inverters, transistors, capacitors and resistors. The working process is explained as the capacitor charges through a resistor during one cycle and discharges quickly through a transistor during the next cycle. Applications of sawtooth waves include sound generation in music synthesizers and generating raster scans for CRT displays.

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 The bridge course improve our thinking and knowledge
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3. Introduction
 What is sawtooth wave?
 Difference between sawtooth wave and triangular wave.
 General circuit diagram of sawtooth wave form generator.
 Basic components used in sawtooth wave form generator.
 Working process of circuit.
 Application of sawtooth wave form.
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4. What is sawtooth wave?
 Saw tooth waveform is a type of linear non sinusoidal
waveform with a triangular shape in which the rise time
and fall time are different.
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Fig.1 Sawtooth waveform

5. Difference between Sawtooth wave and
Triangular wave.
 Saw tooth waveform: - Saw tooth waveform is a type of
linear non sinusoidal waveform with a triangular shape in
which the rise time and fall time are different.
 Triangular waveform:-A pure triangular waveform is also
linear, non sinusoidal and have a triangular shape but it
has equal rise and fall times. The saw tooth waveform can
also be called an asymmetric triangular wave.
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Fig.2 Sawtooth waveform Fig.3 Triangular waveform

6. General circuit diagram of sawtooth wave
form generator.
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Fig .4 Simple sawtooth waveform generator

7. Basic components used in Sawtooth wave
form generator.
 IC 7404 (Hex Inverter)-
Used for frequencies up to 100 k HZ
 Transistor (BF192/BF494)
Used to amplify and switch electronic signals and
electrical power.
 Capacitor 4.7µF(10V)
 Resistor 22kΩ
 Connecting wire- Use to connect the circuit elements and
for input & output.
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The frequency can be changed
by changing the product of RC

8. Working process of circuit.
 Let us suppose the input of gate 1 is at logic ‘0’ state and
output of gate 3 and 4 are at ‘1’ and ‘0’ respectively. The
transistor T1 is off and capacitor C gets charged through
R.
 When it is charge to a voltage equal to logic ‘1’, than all
gate output change and T1 is ‘on’, resulting in quick
discharge of stored charge in C through it. So, the input
voltage of gate 1 becomes ‘0’ again and the next cycle
starts.
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9. Application of sawtooth wave form.
 Sawtooth waves are known for their use in music. The
sawtooth and square waves are common starting points used to
create sounds with subtractive analog and virtual analog music
synthesizers.
 The sawtooth wave is the form of the vertical and horizontal
deflection signals used to generate a raster on CRT-based
television or monitor screens. Oscilloscopes also use a
sawtooth wave for their horizontal deflection, though they
typically use electrostatic deflection.
 The first television receivers had controls allowing users to
adjust the picture's vertical or horizontal linearity. Such
controls were not present on later sets as the stability of
electronic components had improved.
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10. CONCLUSION
 A sawtooth can be constructed using additive synthesis.
The infinite Fourier series
 converges to a reverse (inverse) sawtooth wave. A
conventional sawtooth can be constructed using
Where A is amplitude, k such that the highest harmonic
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11. Example
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12. Any query?
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