14. Rhoticity RP NAmEng Gnaw /nɔː/ /nɔː/ Nor /nɔːr/ Cod /kɒd/ /kɑd/ Card /kɑːd/ /kɑrd/
15. Phonetic differences The vowel of pot is unrounded [ɑ] in NAmEng, rounded [ɒ] in RP. The vowel /ɔ/ of paw in USEng tends to be shorter, more open and less rounded than the equivalent vowel /ɔː/ in RP Very front realizations of /ou/ such as RP [əʊ] are not found in most variaties of NAmEng.
16. North American Englishconsonants ʔ d̯ Glottal stop is found as an allophone of /t/ maily before /n/ Button [bəʔn] and before /l/: bottle [bɑʔl] The RP differentiation of /l/: [l] vs [ɫ] is not so strong in NAmEng. In most variaties, /l/ is fairly dark in all positions. Intervocalic /t/ is normally a vocalic flap [d̯ ], not unlike the flapped /r/ of ScotEng: ladder [læ. d̯ ɹ̝]
17. Regional variation in UnitedStatesEnglish Lower south: Eastern of Virginia, eastern North Carolina, eastern South Carolina, northern Florida, southern Alabama, Mississippi, Lousianaand south-eastern Texas.
18. 1. lower Southern accents are non-rhotic, many of them are so non-rhotic, that they lack linking and intrusive /r/ 2. the vowels /e/ /ɪ/ /æ/ often take a [ə] offglide in many stressed monosyllables. Bed [bejəd] 3. the vowel /ai/ is often a monothong of the type [a:], as in high [ha:]
19. 4. the /ei/ and /ou/ diphtongs tend to havefirst elements rather more open than elsewhere in North America. 5. The vowel /e/ /ɪ/ are not distinct before a nasal consonant, so that words such as pin and pen are identical. 6. The verb forms isn’t, wasn’t are often pronounced with /d/rather than /z/: idnt – idn/.
