1. 17/11/2014
An establishing shot in filmmaking and
television production sets up, or
establishes the context for a scene by
showing the relationship between its
important figures and objects.
Zaine Bradford-Millar Extreme close up
An extreme
close up is a
shot where the
camera is
zoomed in onto
the chosen
object so that
you get to see
the detail.
Although this
focuses more
on detail, we
are not able to
see the whole
screen.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
Zaine Bradford-Millar
Close up shots are shots
that have been zoomed
on a specific item or
person so that you can
see the detail you
otherwise would not look
at. It is very useful for
understanding facial
expressions of characters
and/or thoughts.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
In film, a medium shot is a camera
angle shot from a medium
distance. The dividing line between
"long shot" and "medium shot" is
fuzzy, as is the line between
"medium shot" and "close-up".

2. 17/11/2014
Zaine Bradford-Millar Two Shot
A longshot is a camera angle from
quite far away which is usually
used to show the detail of the
background whilst also having the
object or person in it and relating
them to their surroundings. It has
been suggested that long-shot
ranges usually correspond to
approximately what would be the
distance between the front row of
the audience.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
A Two shot is a type of shot employed in the
film industry in which the frame
encompasses a view of two people (the
subjects). The subjects do not have to be
next to each other, and there are many
common two‐shots which have one subject
in the foreground and the other subject in
the background. It is very useful if the film is
about two people.
The shots are also used to show the
emotional reactions between the subjects.
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This shot is framed from behind a person who is
looking at the subject. The person facing the
subject should usually occupy about 1/3 of the
frame.
This shot helps to establish the position of each
person, and get the feel of looking at one
person from the other's point of view.
It's common to cut between these shots during a
conversation, alternating the view between the
different speakers.
This shot can be varied quite a bit to include the
shoulder or back of the person facing the
subject.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
To understand looking room, you must
first understand that the people you see
on TV rarely look directly at the camera.
They look off-screen slightly. This is as
true for news interviews as it is for soaps
and sitcoms.
Looking room is the space between the
subject's face and the edge of the
screen. More specifically, looking room
is the space on the side the subject is
looking toward.

3. 17/11/2014
Zaine Bradford-Millar
Bird's Eye
The scene is shown from directly above. This
is a completely different and somewhat
unnatural point of view which can be used
for dramatic effect or for showing a
different spatial perspective. In drama it
can be used to show the positions and
motions of different characters and objects,
enabling the viewer to see things the
characters can't.
The bird's-eye view is also very useful in
sports, documentaries, etc. It also allows the
audience to see the object or person from
a powerful point of view.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
In cinematography, a low‐angle shot, is a
shot from a camera angle positioned low
on the vertical axis, anywhere below the
eyeline, looking up. The trunk shot is a
specialized type of low‐angle shot. This
camera angle allows the audience to see
the person from a less powerful
perspective as it is a first person shot
used when speaking up to people or
looking up at people who powerful.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
Tracking shot may refer to a
shot in which the camera is
mounted on a camera dolly, a
wheeled platform that is
pushed on rails while the
picture is being taken; in this
case the shot is also known as
a dolly shot or trucking shot.
One may dolly in on a
stationary subject for emphasis,
or dolly out, or dolly beside a
moving subject
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The adjustment of the camera lens
to allow the operator progressively to
move in close off or to pull away from
the subject.

4. 17/11/2014
Zaine Bradford-Millar
Where, during a scene featuring
two people or more, we can
imagine an imaginary line joining
those two people together.
Adhering to the 180 degree rule
would mean you would always
ensure your camera was on one
side of that line and the camera
would never be crossed to the
other side.
Zaine Bradford-Millar
Describes a technique used to make a
shot look interesting, rather than
placing a person or object in the
middle of the frame, they are placed
at the sides, or where the lines cross
on this imaginary grid.
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Describes a shot where an object near the
front is in focus, and everything else behind
is out of focus (blurry). Often used to make
one thing seem more important.
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Deep focus is a photographic and
cinematographic technique using a large
depth of field. Depth of field is the front‐to‐back
range of focus in an image — that is,
how much of it appears sharp and clear.
Consequently, in deep focus the
foreground, middle‐ground and background
are all in focus. This can be achieved
through use of the hyperfocal distance of
the camera lens.

5. 17/11/2014
Zaine Bradford-Millar
A shot filmed with the camera not on a
tripod but instead held by the camera
man, often whilst walking. This makes the
shots seem quite shaky. This can make the
audience feel the scene is more realistic,
or can make us feel like we are part of the
action
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The mise‐en‐scene in so spaciously
distributed within the confines of the
framed image that the people
photographed have considerable freedom
of movement.
Zaine Bradford-
Millar
A point of view shot (also
known as POV shot or a
subjective camera) is a short
film scene that shows what a
character (the subject) is
looking at (represented
through the camera). It is
usually established by being
positioned between a shot of
a character looking at
something, and a shot showing
the character's reaction
Zaine Bradford-Millar
In photography, panning refers
to the rotation in a horizontal
plane of a still camera or video
camera. Panning a camera
results in a motion similar to
that of someone shaking their
head from side to side or of an
aircraft performing a yaw
rotation. Or to that of an
opening door if the door stays
facing one way.