The document discusses the concept of social justice as a way to develop an integrative theory of crime and deviance. It proposes that social justice, defined as the social adequacy of norms that promote orderly society and dignified human existence, can serve as an overarching concept that incorporates existing theories. Violations of social justice, expressed through things like economic injustice or weakening social bonds, can lead to societal consequences like conflicts and destabilization or individual consequences like social exclusion and deviant behavior. This integrative theory based on social justice can help explain deviance as arising from different forms of injustice while bringing various theories together under a single framework.

1. Integrative theory of crime and
other forms of deviance
(general concept)
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shtatspb@yandex.ru

2. Ways to creation integrative theory of crime and
other forms of deviance
The first way – consideration of the existing theories as complementary and
the description of the research object with including (in turn) all existing
theories, concepts. However the idea about complementarity of the existing
theories seems to be doubtful because of a huge amount of such theories.
The second way – combination of approaches, concepts in the united
integrative theory. For this purpose first of all it is necessary to find rather
abstract and broad concept allowing to concretize itself in all those
statements which are considered within the existing theories, concepts.
In our opinion, the concept of social justice of its tool value can be this
general concept.

3. The concept of Social Justice
Social justice is a measure of public benefit (=social adequacy) of norms (formal and
informal*), that establishes and supports, on the basis of the agreement, the order
and activity in both people’s and organizations’ lives, which in turn promotes the
survival and development of society, and also provides integration and dignified
human existence for members of society.
Here "dignified human existence" is a generalization of all those benefits which are
proclaimed as those in modern society: freedom, equality, an educational level,
social security, social inclusion, choices of legal types of activity a wide choice of
legal activities, social health and well-being etc.
* Social norm is spontaneously developed in customs and traditions and/or consciously
established by the empowered subject, the measure of the obligatory, legal or
forbidden behavior and activity of people and social systems in a certain space-time
continuum

4. The concept of Social Justice
In the ‘tool’ definition of social justice, the foreseeable reference points (or the
purposes) are fixed – “an establishment of the order and activity in both people’s
and organization’s lives that promotes the survival and development of socium;
provides integration and dignified human existence to members of society” and
also the means of their achievement – “a measure of utility, i.e. social adequacy of
social norms”.
Institutes, polities, norms and laws are socially fair when, on the basis of the agreement
between subjects of social interactions, they create and support bases of a worthy
life for the people in society. Here the principle of “just deserts” is proclaimed, i.e.
there is an aspiration for everyone to provide individual justice in his/her particular
relationship with the state and social institutes.

5. Forms of expression of principle of social justice:
 economical: equivalence of remuneration for work of the person useful to
society and respectively equivalence of punishment for the harm done to
society
 moral: responsibility of everyone before universal morals;
 legal: the principle of equal rights and responsibility of people before the
law;
 sociopolitical: the guarantee of providing the rights equal for all citizens
and freedoms according to the Declaration of human rights, a guarantee of
receiving the social help equal for all citizens in case of spontaneous
(natural or social) disasters;
 cultural: the principle of equal availability of cultural values for all
citizens;
 social and demographic etc.

6. Main types of social injustice:
• The injustice created by social institutes to people (or social groups). It takes place
when the system violence and mechanisms of social exclusion are developed in
society.
• The injustice created by the person (or social group) to other people (social
groups). All types of behavior and activity which do harm to other people, violate
their rights and disturb normal functioning in society.
• These forms of expression of social injustice penetrate all system of social
relationships – economy, ideology and policy, morals and the right, education
system and upbringing of younger generation, etc. Generally, social injustice is
shown every time when the human rights and adequate social norms, operating in a
society, are violated. Being realized in practice, social injustice has a consequence
destruction and/or impossibility of accumulation of resources by individual
which are necessary for self-realization in social reality, i.e. impossibility of
dignified human existence.

7. Violation of social justice
Existing theories, directly or indirectly open this or that part, this or that form of social injustice
which acts as a source of crime and other forms of deviance. On next slide the “momentary”,
static* picture of influence of social injustice on emergence of different types of deviance is
presented. In the existing explanatory theories this influence is considered through a prism of
various social processes and the phenomena reflecting this or that manifestation of social
injustice.
Concepts by means of which modern concepts describe emergence of crime and deviance in
society ("anomy", "stigmatization", "subcultural differentiation", “power conflicts", "social
groups conflict ", "weakening of social communications", "reduction of social control" etc.),
correspond to the concept "social injustice" as separate and the general, or as part and the
whole, or as less abstract and more abstract concepts. They describe different forms of
expression of social injustice: economic, legal, religious, moral, socio-political, etc., and also
consequences of social injustice in the form of different forms and types of deviance. The
main mechanisms of actualizing of these forms are social exclusion, alienation, violence and
aggression.
* in the scheme is not possible to display a dynamic picture of formation of social injustice as result of the
dysfunction of various social institutes and subsystems which is expressed in creation of inadequate social
norms of behavior, activity, rules of interaction with different agents of a social interaction etc.

8. М
А
C
Forms of
R expression
of social
O injustice
L
E
V
E
L Sociocultural
consequences at
sotsiyetalny level
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
М
I Manifestation
C of injustice at
R
O individual
L level
E
V
E
L
Social injustice
economic legal socio-demographic
moral Socio-politic.
...etc
discrimin. stigma social
destabilization
conflicts
weakening
of social
networks
…etc
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
the social exclusion,
alienation
deviant behavior

9. Conclusions
The offered conception acts as integrative (general) as it does not reject any of the
existing theories, and unites them, overcoming their mutually rejection and the
seeming discrepancy. Each of them appears as a special case now.
The content of the concepts "social justice" and "social injustice" remain constants in
different societies, and volumes of these concepts can differ both in different
societies, and in the same society at various times.
With change of volume of the concept "social injustice" (i.e. at allocation of new
expression of social injustice in social practices) the volume of the concepts
"crime" and "deviant behavior" will inevitably change. It is happen because of the
changing the sets of the adequate social norms and inadequate social norms shaping
regulatory base for social interactions and defining types of deviant behavior.

10. TThhee mmaaiinn aauutthhoorr’’ss ppuubblliiccaattiioonnss oonn tthhee ttooppiicc::
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