Research refers to a systematic search for knowledge on a particular topic through objective methods such as study, observation, comparison and experimentation. It aims to make an original contribution to knowledge and further its advancement. Research can be defined as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge. The objectives of research include gaining familiarity with new insights, accurately portraying characteristics of individuals or situations, analyzing frequencies, and examining causal relationships. Research approaches can be quantitative, qualitative, descriptive or analytical and applied or fundamental. Research is significant as it encourages scientific thinking, informs government policy, solves operational problems, and helps analyze social relationships and problems. Research methods are the specific techniques used to conduct research, while research methodology explains the overall procedures for conducting valid

1. BY: ZAIBUN NISA, RESEARCH SCHOLAR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW.
Research Methodology: An Introduction

2. INTRODUCTION
• Research in simple terms refers to search for knowledge
• Scientific and systematic search for information on a particular
topic
• Research is an original addition to the available knowledge,
which contributes to its further advancement.
• It is an attempt to pursue truth through the methods of study,
observation, comparison and experiment.
• In sum, research is the search for knowledge, using objective
and systematic methods to find solution to a problem.

3. DEFINITION
According to Redman and Mory (1923), research is a
“systematized effort to gain new knowledge”.
According to Clifford Woody (kothari, 1988), research
comprises
“defining and redefining problems, formulating hypotheses or suggested solutions; collecting,
organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and finally, carefully
testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypotheses”.

4. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
•To gain familiarity with new insights into a phenomenon(i.e.,
formulative research studies);
•To accurately portray the characteristics of a particular
individual, group, or a situation (i.e., descriptive research
studies);
•To analyse the frequency with which something occurs (i.e.,
diagnostic research studies); and
• To examine the hypothesis of a causal relationship between
two variables (i.e., hypothesis-testing research studies).

5. Types Of
Research
Other
Types Of
Research
Descriptive
Versus
Analytical
Applied
Versus
Fundament
al
Conceptual
Versus
Empirical
Quantitativ
e Versus
Qualitative

6. RESEARCH APPROACHES
Quantitative Approach And Qualitative Approach.

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH…..
• Research encourages scientific and inductive thinking, besides promoting the
development of logical habits of thinking and organisation.
• The role of research in applied economics in the context of an economy or
business is greatly increasing in modern times.
• Research provides the basis for almost all government policies of an
economic system.
• Research also assumes significance in solving various operational and
planning problems associated with business and industry.
• Research is equally important to social scientists for analyzing the social
relationships and seeking explanations to various social problems.

8. RESEARCH METHODS VERSUS METHODOLOGY
Research Methods Research Methodology
• Research methods are the methods by which you
conduct research into a subject or a topic
• Research method involve conduct of
experiments, tests, surveys and then like
• Research methods aim at finding solutions to
research problems
• Research methodology explains the methods by
which you may proceed with your research
• Research methodology involves the learning of
the various techniques that can be used in the
conduct of research and in the conduct of tests,
experiments, and critical studies
• Research methodology aims at the employment
of the correct procedures to find out solutions