Various lists of “jobs, likely to be replaced by robots” usually place scientists into “later or never” section. But is this profession really safe? We'll try to answer this question by looking at some "probability to be replaced” criteria, current AI development challenges, and their solutions, including examples of what is happening right now.

1. WILL AI REPLACE
SCIENTISTS?Yurii Savka
ResearchGate

2. PROTEIN FOLDING
2
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47678900_Protein_folds_and_protein_folding

3. PROTEIN FOLDING
3
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35785875
AlphaGo

4. PROTEIN FOLDING
4
https://deepmind.com/blog/alphafold/
AlphaFold

5. PROTEIN FOLDING
5
http://predictioncenter.org/casp13/
13th Community Wide Experiment on the
Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction
(CASP13)
Yang Zhang’s lab 3 out of 43
AlphaFold 25 out of 431st
2nd

6. Criteria of being doomed
How soon your job will be taken by a robot
6

7. ONE SECOND CRITERION
7
If a typical person can do a mental task
with less than one second of thought,
we can automate it using AI.
“
Andrew Ng
AI researcher

8. ONE SECOND CRITERION
8
Chain of 1-second decisions

9. DOUBLE PERFORMANCE CRITERION
9
AI
AI
AI
1s tasks

10. DOUBLE PERFORMANCE CRITERION
10
How many bolts USSR needs?

11. DOUBLE PERFORMANCE CRITERION
11
or

12. APPRENTICE GAP
12
AI can do Human + AI can do Nobody can do
Danger
Junior Middle Senior
AI research timeline
Researcher career timeline
simple advancedregular

13. APPRENTICE GAP
13
• Longer education
• Higher competition
• Brain drain to industry
Consequences

14. Battles already lost
What AI can do right now
14

15. BRUTE-FORCE
15
https://www.wired.co.uk/article/robot-chemist-life-on-earth
Try all possible variants
The AI robot chemist trying to find
the origins of life on Earth

16. HANDCRAFTED ALGORITHMS
16
https://interestingengineering.com/15-medical-robots-that-are-changing-the-world
Like, the programming
Slender, flexible robots can be driven like an RC car to the
exact spot the doctor needs.

17. STATISTICAL LEARNING
17
Where the Hype lives
https://www.houseofbots.com/news-detail/4463-1-deep-learning-algorithms-already-hitting-its-limitations

18. STATISTICAL LEARNING
18
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330203337_Cardiologist-
level_arrhythmia_detection_and_classification_in_ambulatory_electrocardiograms_using_a_deep_neural_network
Cardiologist-level arrhythmia
detection and classification
End-to-end deep learning approach can classify a broad
range of distinct arrhythmias from single-lead ECGs with
high diagnostic performance similar to that of cardiologists

19. STATISTICAL LEARNING
19
https://interestingengineering.com/15-medical-robots-that-are-changing-the-world
Unsupervised learning
to find the patterns in data
AI recreates chemistry’s
periodic table of elements

20. STATISTICAL LEARNING
20
https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.10300
Discovering physical concepts
with neural networks
Their system, a sort of robo-Kepler, rediscovered the
heliocentric model of the solar system from records of the
position of the sun and Mars in the sky, as seen from Earth,
and figured out the law of conservation of momentum by
observing colliding balls

21. STATISTICAL LEARNING
21
https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.00616
Adversarial Networks (GAN / CAN)

22. STATISTICAL LEARNING
22
https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.07555
Generating novel chemical structures
In de novo drug design, computational strategies are used
to generate novel molecules with good affinity to the desired
biological target

23. CREATIVITY
23
https://towardsdatascience.com/can-ai-be-creative-2f84c5c73dca
Can AI be creative?

24. STATISTICAL LEARNING
24
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326996103_Clinically_applicable_deep_learning_for_diagnosis_and_referral_in_retinal_disease
Image segmentation
of retinal scans
Classifying two-dimensional photographs of some
common diseases

25. Ongoing battles
What AI can do very soon
25

26. KEEPING THE CONTEXT
26
https://botsociety.io/blog/2018/03/chatbot-examples/
Single requests to chat bots are pretty impressive

27. KEEPING THE CONTEXT
27
https://blog.growthbot.org/chatbots-were-the-next-big-thing-what-happened
But no chance to hold a real conversation

28. COMPLEX SPACES
28
https://ipvm.com/reports/chinese-fr-police
Recognition algorithms work on a big scale

29. COMPLEX SPACES
29
https://www.eyerys.com/articles/how-artificial-intelligence-can-be-tricked-and-fooled-adversarial-examples
But they still make mistakes

30. COMPLEX SPACES
30
https://github.com/Hyperparticle/one-pixel-attack-keras
...or can be tricked

31. HUMAN-AI COOPERATION
31
https://www.darpa.mil/program/explainable-artificial-intelligence
Why the cat, though?

32. Last shelter
AI-free areas*
32
*for now

33. UNDERSTANDING HUMANS
33
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vRvunj_9BaY
Victor Glushkov and his AI-overlord
Failed attempt to create really planned
economics.

34. ETHICS
34
Overcoming prejudice and stereotypes
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-a-machine-learns-prejudice
Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that
showed bias against women. because it was
trained on resumes submitted to Amazon over the
past decade, when many more male candidates
were hired.

35. LAWS OF ROBOTICS
35
Nick Bostrom's Paper-Clip Factory Dystopia
https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/paperclip-maximizer
Artificial general intelligence, even one designed
competently and without malice, could ultimately
destroy humanity without proper limitations

36. THANKS!
Questions?
36