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キムワイプの画像認識
東京大学キムワイプ卓球会
崎下雄稀
目次
 概略
 機械学習概論
 使用手法
 結果と考察
概略
 キムワイプを機械学習で画像認識させたい!
概略
 キムワイプを機械学習で画像認識させたい!
キムワイプ率 ??% キムワイプ率 ??%
概略
 キムワイプを機械学習で画像認識させたい!
 学習データは?
概略
 キムワイプを機械学習で画像認識させたい!
 学習データは?
 Twitter
 人々が
「キムワイプっぽい」
と感じるような画像を集める
Twitter検索結果
「キムワイプ OR キム卓 -“キムワイプって知ってる人いる? ” -“Twitter民
キムワイパー” -“鼻はキムワイプでかむ” -N33 OR @Sonzaisinai_ID」
概略
 キムワイプを機械学習で画像認識させたい!
 学習データは?
 Twitter
 人々が
「キムワイプっぽい」
と感じるような画像を集める
 「キムワイプ度」のスコアリング
機械学習概論
 そもそも機械学習とは?
機械学習概論
 そもそも機械学習とは?
 Wikipedia 「機械学習」
機械学習(きかいがくしゅう、(英: machine learning)とは、人間が持つ学習に
あたる仕組みを機械(特にコンピュータ)で実現する技術・手法の総称である。
機械学習概論
 そもそも機械学習とは?
 Wikipedia 「機械学習」
機械学習(きかいがくしゅう、(英: machine learning)とは、人間が持つ学習に
あたる仕組みを機械(特にコンピュータ)で実現する技術・手法の総称である。
 教師あり学習
 データと「正解」の対から未知のデータについても予測を立てる(分類,回帰)
 教師なし学習
 「正解」が与えられない.データの構造を解析する(クラスター分析,主成分分析,……)
 強化学習
 試行錯誤の選択に対する環境の応答から「正解」を探索する.(ゲームAI他 最適化問題)
機械学習概論
 教師あり学習
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
機械学習概論
 教師あり学習
y = 1.5097x - 0.009
R² = 0.9888
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
機械学習概論
 教師あり学習
y = 0.1558x + 0.0096
R² = 0.2142
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-1.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.8
機械学習概論
 教師あり学習
y = 1.0217x3 + 0.0053x2 - 0.5157x + 0.0068
R² = 0.9586
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
-1.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.8
機械学習概論
 汎化性能
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.8
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
-1.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.8
y = 0.3907x6 - 0.0986x5 - 0.5054x4
+ 1.1382x3 + 0.1468x2 - 0.5421x + 0.0033
R² = 0.9619
y = 1.0217x3 + 0.0053x2 - 0.5157x + 0.0068
R² = 0.9586
使用手法
 入力データ:画像データ-ラベルの組
 説明変数 Xi ∈ R12288 (i=1, …, 416+426)
画像を64x64に変形,64x64x3=12288 のテーブルデータとして入力
 目的変数 yi ∈ {0, 1}
「キムワイプっぽい」or「キムワイプっぽくない」を手作業でラベル付け
X1
X2
XN
︙
予測器
y1
y2
yN
︙
y1
y2
yN
︙
比較→精度
使用手法
 RandomForest
 「アンサンブル手法」と「決定木」の組み合わせ
 表現力が高い
→高次元入力に対応しやすい
 外部パラメーターを調整しなくても使える
使用手法
 アンサンブル手法
 ランダム性を持たせた弱学習器を多数作り,
その結果の平均を全体の予測結果とする強学習器とする
Xi y𝑖
弱予測器1
弱予測器2
弱予測器3
︙
y𝑖-1
y𝑖-2
y𝑖-3
使用手法
 弱学習器:決定木回帰
情報利得の最大化
if xk>p ?
不純度 大 不純度 小
情報利得
if
xk’>p‘ ?
if
xk“>p“ ?
結果
 汎化性能は最大で
R2=0.781
結果
 汎化性能は最大で
R2=0.781
 あまり性能は高くない
結果
 判定結果
結果
 判定結果
キムワイプ率:81% 80% 60%
結果
 判定結果
結果
 判定結果
70% 74%
結果
 判定結果
結果
 判定結果
79% 47% 40%
考察
 汎化性能が低い
 画像データを無理やりテーブルデータとして扱っているのが
不適切
画像を扱うのに適したアルゴリズムの使用
ニューラルネットワーク,ディープラーニング
 (計算リソースの都合上)かなり画像を圧縮して使用している
 より適切なマシンの使用
 まだ学習データが少ない
 Twitter以外での収集
 ラベリングの最適化
 0-1ではなくもっと細かく分けたほうが分類しやすい
考察
 ラベリングの最適化
 現在は「キムワイプっぽさ」は個人の主観で決定
 0-1ではなく入力データの時点で「キムワイプっぽさ」を数値化したい
 アンケートの利用
 画像に対してキムワイプっぽいか否かの2択投票
 →「キムワイプっぽい」の割合を入力データとする
 Twitterのアンケート機能?
 欠点:
 Twitterは画像とアンケートを共存させられない
 サンプル数(~数100)を集めるのはかなり大変
参考
 Sebastian Raschka, 福島 真太朗 訳 (2015)
『Python機械学習プログラミング 達人データサイエンティストによる
理論と実践』 株式会社クイープ
 崎下雄稀 (2019) 卒業研究報告書
 C. D. Hieu, C. N. Viet, L. P. Tien, T. N. Anh, K. Terakura, T. Miyake and H. Kino,
(2018) "Important descriptors and descriptor groups of Curie temperatures of
rare-earth transition-metal binary alloys," JPSJ News and Comments, vol. 15, no.
10, 2018.

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SNSを活用したキムワイプの画像認識

Editor's Notes

  1. JR115系 第二次新潟色 通称「キムワイプ」