Very useful to CBSE students

1. From traders to rulers
The first Carnatic wars(1746 - 1763)
The first Carnatic wars(1746 - 1748)
• Why do you think only two students particularly those two always
fight each other out of 35 students?
•
• Why do you think only British and French fight each other out of
other Europeans?
• All European trading companies had a treaty that not have any
war/battle neither between them nor with any Indian kings.
• Who do you think first Europeans to break the above instruction by
declaring the war? British/ French
• Did they really mean the war in India to fight each other to conquer
the places?
• No , absolutely not.
• Than what could be the reason?

2. Imagine that two students hate each other and
always they have a clash for every single reason.
Always they tried to exchange the words or fight
seriously by hurting each other. Choose the possible
reason from the following choices.
• Both are physically strong / intelligent and try to show who is more
powerful?
• In order to attract the attention of others especially girls.
• Both of them must be behind a one affair (romance).
• Both the parents have a case in the court and fighting each other for lost
15 years for the asset worth of 25 crore. So parents encourage their
wards to be in fights.
• Some must be playing by spoiling their ears for the fun.

3. Now you may able to guess the reason for war
between French and English.
• The main Cause:
• In Europe: In 1744 the war of Austrian
succession broke out in Europe between
Austria and Prussia. While the French
supported Prussia, the English stood by the
side of Austria.

4. • In India: The war spark between France and
England healed up in India also. In India it
broke out between them to eager to extend
their trade relations in India.
• Dupleix the French governor of Pondicherry
wanted to drive away the English from India.
• Course of the war: Dupleix marched towards
Madras where he defeated the English naval
fleet and captured Madras.

6. • What did British Do?
• The Nawab ordered Dupleix to return Fort St.George to
the British.
• What would the response of French?
• Dupleix did not obey.
• Now …. What can be done? Now you were a King
Anwar-ud-din?
• Anwar-ud-din sent a large army to recover Madras
(Chennai) from Dupleix. But the Nawab’s forces were
defeated by the French at Santhome near Adayar in
1746. The French forces plundered Madras.

7. Result: The first carnatic war came to an end by
the treaty of Aile-La-chappelle in 1748 and
settlement was reached between English and
French in the Carnatic Coast. The French left and
the English got back Madras.

8. The Second Carnatic war (1749 -
1754):
Causes:
• The result of the First Carnatic War disappointed the
French fleet in India and they wanted to reduce the
growing influence of British in Carnatic region.
• Dupleix began to increased his power by interfering in
local dynastic politics in Carnatic region.
• He got the opportunity in the dynastic disputes in
Hyderabad and Carnatic. This civil succession led to
second Carnatic War.

9. Hyderabad civil war
• The Nizam of Hyderabad died in 1748. His son
Nazir Jung became the Nizam. Muzzafur Jung
his nephew opposed him.
Arcot civil war
• Anwar-ud-din , the Nawab of Arcot opposed
by his cousin Chanda Sahib. Chanda Sahib
wanted seize power of Arcot.
• Now we could see two parties (groups) in local
politics of Carnatic region for their succession.
• Which were those parties ?

10. The two groups
• The disappointed party - Muzzafur Jung and Chanda
Sahib.
• What must have they done in order to achieve their
long thirst of power?
• Muzzafur Jung and Chanda Sahib had thought of
seeking the help of Europeans. British help/French
help.
• Muzzafur Jung and Chanda Sahib joined together and
sought the help of the French.
• Why did they go for French’s help?
• The ruling group- Nasir Zung (Hy) and Anwar-ud-din (Ar)
• The ruling group joined the hands of English.

11. Course of the war:
• The French army joined the army of Chanda Sahib and
Muzzafur Jung near Arcot in 1749.
• In 1749 Anwar-ud-din was defeated and killed in the war.
Chanda Sahib became the Nawab of Carnatic. He
rewarded Dupleix by giving the 100 villages near
pondicherry.
• Anwar-ud-din’s son Mohammed Ali escaped to
Tiruchirapalli and took refuge in the Fort of
Tiruchirapalli.
• In or order to help Muzafar Zung Dupleix sent a strong
army under the leadership of Bussy to defeat Nazir
Zung. Nasirzung was killed in the war.
• In Mohammed Ali sought the help of the English to save
him and attack Arcot.

12. Dilemma of British – ‘to come back or to
sack’
• To help Muhamad Ali was difficult for British, Because
French looked very confident under Dupleix leadership.
• What were the British do?
• If they go help Muhamad Ali to Tiruchanapalli- with full
pledge army. What would Dupleix do?
• Soon they march towards Tiruchanapalli, next thing
Dupleix would do would be to attack Madras and drive
them away altogether.
• Only one British army officer had a slight hope to save
Madras that was Robert Clive.
• Let see what did he do?

13. Efforts of Robert Clive
• Robert Clive 19 year young British
army officer who loved fights always
analysed the movements and tactics
of Dupleix.
• First thing he did was kept strong
army in St.Gearge under weak British
general Lawrence and took small
troop to Tiruchanapalli to help
Muhamad Ali .
• He reached Tiruchanapalli and gave
him a moral support and told him to
hold on for some time.
• Soon Clive left Turuchanapalli.
• What kind of help is that. Instead of
being with him for some time , why
did he hurry to Madras?

14. The famous seize of Arcot 1752
• The main intention of Robert Clive was to drag the
attention of Chanda Saheb and Dupleix toward
Tiruchanapalli and attacking Arcot which is near to
Madras.
• Now what did Chand Saheb and Dupleix do?
• Soon Chand Saheb left Arcot with his army to hold
Tiruchanapalli.
• Robert Clive was ready to seize Arcot and
Loawrence disagree with. Why because……
• Robert Clive left strong army in St.George and with
200 British Soldiers and 300 sepoys he marched
towards Arcot. He seized the Arcot without much
efforts.

15. Defeat of Chand Saheb and Frech
• Later Chand Saheb left with French Army to defeat
British . But the troop of Chand Saheb was crushed by
the attacks of Robert Clive and Lawrence.
• In the war Chand Saheb and his son were dead. Soon
British reached Tiruchanapalli and defeated French.
• Muhamad Ali was made as Nizam of Arcot. British won
the Second battle of Panipat and Robert Clive was
called the real founder of EEC.
• Results: The English emerged successful in the war
which ended with the Treaty of Pondicherry in 1755.
Mohammed Ali was declaredthe Nawab of Arcot.

16. Third Battle of Karnatic
• Cause: The Seven Years War in Europe was the immediate cause for
the third Carnatic war.
• Course of the war: Count-de-Lally was the French Governor.
• He captured Fort St David at Cuddalore with a view to annexe
Chennai.
• He attacked the ruler of Tanjore. He called Bussy from Hyderabad
• to attack Madras.
• Robert Clive sent his General Sir Eyre Coote to fight against the
French. A war took place between the French and the British at
Wandiwash where Count-De-Lally was defeated by Sir Eyre Coote.
The English captured the French territories.
• Sir Eyre Coote was honoured with the title “Hero of Wandiwash”

17. Causes for the success of the English:
• There was lack of co-operation among the French
officers.But the English worked unitedly. So they won the
war.
• The British were lucky to have able generals like Lawrence,
Clive and Eyre Coote.
• The French were not successful in Europe. So they were
unable to compete with the British in Carnatic.
• The British Naval power was superior in comparison with
the French Naval power in Europe. So they were unable to
• compete with the British.
• The English East India Company was a private company. But
the French East India company was a public company. So
• the French were unable to mobilise their resources.
• French neglected her Generals ideas.

18. Battle of Plassey 1757
• Bengal was a Subha
of Mughals.
• Alivardhi Khan
become independent
ruler- Had maintained
relationship with
British.
• Murshidabad was the
Capital of Bengal.
• Alivardhi Khan was
succeded by Sirj-Ud-
Daula, 20 years

19. Siraj –Ud-Daula
• How did the battle come about?
– Siraj was weak, inexperienced and self
willed.
– Hated British and wanted to interfere with
their matters.
– British were also responsible- Misused the
trade permits given by Mughals.
– Did not pay the taxes to Nawab.
– Without Nawab’s permission they extended
their fort and placed mounted Guns on
Fort. William.

20. Black hole tragedy
• Impatient Nawab attacked fort Willam in
1756 when British were busy in Karnatic
wars.
• He captured Kolkotta and took 146 British
as prisoners and locked into an 18 by 15
feet room.
• Only 23 survived the night. The British
weren't ready to forgive and forget.
• Colonel Robert Claive sent huge army
from Madras to Culcutta under Admiral
Watson.

21. • Who was Siraj-Ud-Daula?
• Which was the capital city of Bengal?
• Name the fort of British at Culcutta?
• Why did British get angry on Siraj-Ud-Daula?
• Why did Siraj get angry on British?
• When was Battle of Plassey was faught?
• What was Black hole tragedy?
• How did British respond the black hole tragedy?

22. • Where do the French come into the picture?
• French helped Siraj-Ud-Daula.
• Soon British hold the Fort William and
defeated French and Siraj-Ud-Daula.
• In order to dethrone him Claive made a
secret alliance with his minister Mir Jafar.

23. At the battle field – Battle of Plassey
• Both the armies pitched their army in the Plassey
battle field.
• Robert Clive led the British army.
• The battle broke out on 23rd June 1757.
• Mir Jazar betrayed Siraj-Ud-Daula and supported
British force.
• The result was – British won the war and Mir
Jafar was made as the Nawab of Bengal.
• Mir Jafar made as Nawab of Bengal. Zafar
granted 24 parganas to Robert Clive as a token of
respect.

24. Mir Jafar (1758-1761)
• He did not enjoy his role of Nawab being a
poppet of British.
• He proved himself quite unfit to govern by
spending most of his time in amusements.
• Being in want of more money he came up with
few measures.
– Granted Hindu traders to have free trade in Bengal.
– Made a secret treaty with Dutch.(Chinsura)
– Plundered Hindu bankers who were with British.
• Soon Mir Jafar was dethroned and Mir Qusim was
made as a Nawab of Bengal.

25. Mir Qusim (1761-1765), Battle of
Buxar
• Mir Qusim began his reign well
– He paid all debts of Mir Jafar.
– Strengthen the army
– Concentrated on pubic works
– Shifted his capital city from Murshidabad to
Mongyar.
• After some time he wished to become a ____
Free Nawab from British.

26. Preparation for the battle
• Mir Kasim asked the share of taxes collected
for free trade. British just refused his demand.
• He made a secret alliance – Shah Alam II , The
Mughal emperor and Shuja-Ud-Daula of Oudh
joined Nir Kasim to defeat British.
• The Joined army met the British at Bauxar in
October 1764.
• 60,000 the joint army was defeated by 7000
well trained British army.

27. Results
• Battle of Buxar was the very crucial victory for
British. They directly involved in Indian politics and
came up with their own policies.
– The joint army sued for Allahbad peace treaty.
– Again Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal.
– Mughal emperor Shah Alam granted ‘Diwani rights’ to
British. (Right to collect the revenue of Bengal, Bihar
and Orissa).
– Shuja-Ud-Daula of Oudh was given annual pension.
– British introduced ‘Dual system of Administration’ in
Bengal.
– Robert Clive became the governor of Bengal region.

28. What was Diwani Rights?
Duel system of Admistration?
• Diwani Rights was the revenue license issued to British by
the Shah Alam, The emperor of Mughal. According this right
British collected the revenue over Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
regions. They also had the right to increase the taxes on
their wish.
• The Dual system in Bengal was introduced by Robert
Clive. This Dual Government in Bengal held a great
advantage for the British: they had power without
responsibility. The Nawab and his officials had the
responsibility of administration but Collection revenue
was done by British.

29. Anglo- Maratha Wars
War/Battle Year Who V/S who Result
First Anglo-
Maratha War
1775-1782 British and Marathas
British supported Raghunath
Rao
Marathas- All Maratha under
the leadership of Nanan
Phadnavis
Treaty of Salbai.
Both agreed to help each
other.
Second Anglo
Maratha War
1803 British and Marathas
Lord Wellesley and Dualat Rao
Sindia and Raghuji Bonsley
Treaty of Bassein .
British got many territories of
Ma rathas
Third Anglo –
Maratha war
1817-1818 British and Marathas
The five Maratha Chiefs
Peshwa , Sindia, Holkar,
Gaikwad, Bhonsley
Marathas were defeated
later they became the
subordinate to British till
Indian Independence.

30. Anglo- Mysore Wars
War/Battle Year Who V/S who Result
First Anglo-
Mysore War
1767-69 British and Hyder Ali
British –Marathas-Nizams of
Hyderbad and Arcot
Hyder Ali-French
Hyder Ali defeated Nizam of Arcot and
went till Madras.
But the war won by British. (colonel
Smith)
Second
Anglo-Mysore
War
1780-1784 British and Hyder-Tippu Sultan
British Under Sir Eyre Coot
Mysore army Under Hyder Ali,
Tippu Sultan and French
Hyder Ali and Tippu annexed many places
of British but Hyder Ali died in the war.
Tippu sued for Mangalore Peace treaty in
1784
Third Anglo
Mysore War
1790-1792 Brtish and Tippu Sulatn
British-Lord Cornwallies, King and
Travencore, Nizams and Marathas.
Mysore Army –Tippu Sultan
British won the war
Tippu sued for Srirangapattanam Peace.
Tippu was humiliated. ½ of his dominions
taken, he had pay the war expenses of
British.
The fourth
Anglo-Mysore
War
1799 British and Tippu Sultan
British-Lord Wellesley , Marthas,
Nizams
Mysore Army- Tippu Sultan and
French army
British won the war
British attacked Mysore from Bombey
and Madras.
Tippu went defeat Bombey army and he
was defeated.
Rushed save Srirangapatnam but he died

34. Subsidiary treaty/ Allience
• What is Subsidiary alliance?
• A military treaty between Indian kings and British
army. It was military offer for Indian kings by the
British to secure their state from neighbour’s attack.
• Who introduced it?
– Lord Wellesley
• Why was it Introduced?
– By the late 18th century, theMughal Empire lost
power. India was left with a great number of states, most
small and weak.
• Do you think Indian kings accepted this doctrine?
– Many week rulers welcomed this idea.
• Did British really mean to secure week Indian
kings? What was the hidden agenda behind this
doctrine?
– Bring all Indian Kings under their military power and bring

35. The main principles of a subsidiary alliance
• An Indian ruler entering into a subsidiary alliance with the
British had to accept British forces within his territory and also
agreed to pay for their maintenance.
• If Indian rulers failed to make the payments or if they not able to pay?
– Some part of their territory was to be taken away by the British as a
penalty.
• The ruler would accept a British Resident in his state.
• What was his role in the King’s court?
– To monitor the king’s military movements and secret treaties.
• An Indian ruler who entered into a subsidiary alliance would not
enter into any further alliance with any other power, nor would
he declare war against any power without the permission of the
British.
• The ruler would not employ any Europeans other than the
British
• What do you mean by that?

36. In return for the ruler accepting its conditions,
the Company undertook to protect the state
from external dangers and internal disorders.
• If an Indian king had not accepted this
doctrine?
– War against that particular kingdom for all
possible reasons.
• List out some Indian kings who surrendered
to Subsidiary treaty?
– The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to
enter into such an alliance. Martathas (five
chiefs), Nizam of Arcot, King of Travencor.
• Was there any Indian king who stood opposite
to this doctrine?
Tippu sultan, Keeping it as a main
reason they troubled him till Mysore falls into
Subsidiary alliance .
The Subsidiary alliance doctrine laid the
foundation of the political sovereignty of
the British in India.

37. Doctrine of lapse
• What lesson did British learn from Battle of
Plassey and Buxar?
• They learnt to adopt many unfair policies to grab
the territories.
• Which policy was very successful experiment to
bring many Indian kings under their control?
• Subsidiary Alliance
• In order to subjugate many more territories British
came up with policy of ‘Doctrine of lapse’
• What was ‘Doctrine of lapse?
• Doctrine of lapse was a formula devised by Lord
Dalhousie (1848–56) to annex the Indian
territories with questions of succession to Hindu
Indian states.

38. Load Dalhousie
• According to Hindu law if
a ruler/king did have mail
heir (Son) he could adopt
a person who would then
have all the personal and
political rights of a son.
• Why did British come up
with such policy?
– To stop adopting
male heirs.
• If they don’t adopt who
would rule after his
death?
• According to the
Doctrine of Lapse after
their death the kingdom
directly come under

39. • If you were a king would you agree with the British
policy of Doctrine of Lapse? Why?
• Why do you think Indian rulers took this issue very
personally?
– Because it was a matter of customs which followed
from many generation and too religious. It hurt their
self esteem image.
• Which of the kingdoms were dethroned by
adopting Doctrine of Lapse?
– Satara, Jhansi, Berar, Kanpur, Nagpur and Awadh.
• If you were a king what measures would you take
to protest this policy?
– All disappointed rulers joined together with one voice
and revolted against British to get their rights back.
This movement let to sepoy mutiny/the first war of
Indian Independence in 1857.

42. Reasons for the success of British.