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実際に花き市場を訪れて
報告担当 猿田冬樹
1
オークションの勉強をした。
→花市場を見に行こう。
2
3
花き産業の概要
・花き市場の数 (中央H23, 地方H22)
約173ヶ所 → 中央21 地方152
(青果624ヶ所、水産物652ヶ所、食肉32か所)
・最終購入者価格 (H17)
9,412億円 (酪農、運動用具とほぼ同程度)
・市場経由率 (H19)
83.0%
(青果61.7%、水産物60.0%、食肉10.2%)
4
市場の実態
・市場の収入
生産者からの手数料と買参人からの参加費を収入としている。
落札価格に基本10%をかけたものが手数料。
・最近はセリ:前売り=3:3
前売りの価格はセリの相場よりも高くなる。
買参人にとってセリは掘り出し物を見つける機会。
・大口優先、御付き合い
売れ残りそうな分を、大手の買参人に無理やり買ってもらうことに
より、マリの際などにその人を優先する。 5
市場
卸売市場
せり
手せり
せり上げ
せり下げ
機械せり
せり上げ
せり下げ
相対取引
ネット販売
その他
6
どの仕組みが選択されているか
・大規模な市場では機械が導入されてきている。
(1990年9月東京・大田市場が日本初)
・小規模な市場では手セリが主流。
・競り上げ、競り下げはその市場による。
・それぞれに対応した機械の設備がある。
・マリは競り下げの場合に採用される。
7
せりの仕組み
~東京都中央卸売市場の例~
・花き
→機械せり、せり下げ、クロックオークション
・水産物、野菜
→手せり、せり上げ
・肉
→機械せり、せり上げ
花きは種類や量がとても多く、
このシステムにより取引時間
が短縮され、値段の間違いも
なく、正確に適正な値段が決
められます。
8
登場人物のギャップ
理想
・売り手
→高く売りたい。
・買い手
→安く買いたい。
現実
・売り手(市場)
→高く売りたいけど…
→とりあえず全部売らないといけない。
→早く終わらせたい。
・買い手(買参人)
→安く買いたいけど…
→安すぎても農家が生産してくれなくなる。
→仕入れなければならないノルマがある。
9
現実の視点~セリの制度に関して~
・売り手(市場)の視点
→新規の買参人の参入のしやすさはどうか。
→既存の買参人の満足度はどうなるか。
→時間は長くなるのか、短くなるのか。
→セリのためにどの程度の技術が必要か。
→相場が急降下しないか。価格の調整がある程度可能か。
→初期投資にどの程度費用がかかるか。
→新たに人手は必要か、人手は削れるか。
・買い手(買参人)の視点
→難しくないか。
→安全性はどうか。うっかりミスなど発生しないか。
10
マリのメリット、デメリット
メリット
・時間の短縮(理論的にも明らかに)
・ずぶずぶの関係維持
デメリット
・総余剰の減少
・現実的にはあまり無いのではないか
11
参考
• JF 「神戸本社機械セリプレゼンテーション」
• 農林水産省 「花きをめぐる情勢」
• 東京都中央卸売市場ウェブサイト
• 日本食肉市場卸売協会ウェブサイト
• 勝木、富田 「花卉市場におけるマリについて」
• 富田、石川 「高松市花市場見学を振り返る」
12

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