business assignment

1. Department of Computer Science
Bahria University
ITC-226: Web Systems and Technologies
Semester05 (Fall 2023)
ASSIGNMENT 03
Marks: 03
NAME: Areeba Junejo
CLASS: _BSIT_________________________________________________
REG #: ___02-235202-030__________________________________________
Marks Obtained:
Instructions.
• Your Assignment must not EXCEED 4-5 pages
• Use a proper FRONT PAGE WITH UNIVERSITY LOGO
• Write your Full Name along with Enrollment Number as HEADER
• ONLY submission on LMS is acceptable
• Late assignment submission will not be marked
• Copied Assignment will be given ZERO and no resubmission is accepted
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 defines how to make Web content more accessible to people
with disabilities. Accessibility involves a wide range of disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech,
cognitive, language, learning, and neurological disabilities. Although these guidelines cover a wide range of issues,
they are not able to address the needs of people with all types, degrees, and combinations of disability. These
guidelines also make Web content more usable by older individuals with changing abilities due to aging and often
improve usability for users in general. Evaluate and Interpret for whom these guidelines adhere to and how it
should be implemented. [CLO 4, PLO 6, C4]
Page 1: Introduction to WCAG 2.0 and its Inclusive Scope
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 serves as a pivotal framework, meticulously designed to
improve the accessibility of web content for individuals facing a variety of disabilities. Covering a broad spectrum
of impairments, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, language, learning, and neurological
disabilities, WCAG 2.0 offers a comprehensive set of principles with the goal of fostering inclusivity in the digital
landscape.

2. The overarching objective of WCAG is to ensure that web content remains usable by the widest possible
audience, irrespective of their abilities or disabilities. It recognizes the multifaceted nature of accessibility
challenges, addressing not only the needs of those with permanent disabilities but also considering the evolving
abilities of an aging population. The guidelines advocate for an inclusive approach, acknowledging that diverse
users may require distinct adaptations to access and comprehend digital information.
Visual Impairments: Those with visual challenges might utilize screen readers or braille displays. The WCAG
guidelines recommend furnishing text alternatives for non-text elements, ensuring correct markup for headings
and lists, and guaranteeing navigability and comprehensibility when presented through various methods.
Hearing Impairments: Individuals facing hearing difficulties are encouraged by WCAG to provide captions and
transcripts for multimedia content. This ensures that information conveyed through audio is equally accessible
through written text.
Motor Impairments: People with motor challenges may resort to alternate input devices or voice recognition
software. Guidelines suggest designing interfaces and navigation that are functional through different input
approaches, abstaining from time-dependent actions, and allowing sufficient time for task completion.
Cognitive and Learning Challenges: Those with cognitive and learning disabilities may encounter difficulties in
understanding or processing information. Guidelines propose clear and uniform navigation, a straightforward
and intuitive layout, and offering alternative formats for intricate content.
Language and Literacy Challenges: WCAG guidelines strive to enhance accessibility for individuals with language
and literacy difficulties by employing plain language, providing supplementary explanations for intricate terms,
and ensuring content comprehension by a diverse audience.
Neurological Challenges: Individuals with neurological conditions may possess varied needs. The guidelines
propose minimizing distractions, avoiding content that may induce seizures or discomfort, and ensuring
predictable navigation.
Aging Demographic: The guidelines acknowledge the evolving abilities of older individuals due to aging.
Recommendations include providing resizable text, ensuring clear and readable fonts, and allowing users to
customize color contrasts.
Enhancing General Usability: While primarily concentrated on accessibility, adhering to WCAG guidelines
frequently enhances overall usability for a wider audience. Transparent navigation, consistent design, and
adaptable content benefit all users, regardless of disabilities.
Core Principles and Specific Suggestions
WCAG 2.0 is constructed upon four fundamental principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust
(POUR). These principles serve as a groundwork for precise guidelines and success criteria.
Perceivable: Content must be presented in a manner that users can perceive. This includes providing text
alternatives for non-text elements, delivering captions for multimedia, and ensuring compatibility with assistive
technologies.
Operable: Users should be able to navigate and interact with the interface. Guidelines encompass keyboard
accessibility, allowing sufficient time for tasks, and avoiding content that could trigger seizures or physical
discomfort.
Understandable: Information and operation of the user interface must be explicit and uncomplicated. This
involves clear and consistent navigation, legible text, and predictable functionality.

3. Robust: Content must be compatible with present and future technologies, ensuring it can be reliably interpreted
by various user agents, including assistive technologies.
The guidelines are organized around these principles, offering precise recommendations for each, addressing the
distinctive challenges posed by various disabilities. For instance, providing alternatives for visual and auditory
content, designing interfaces that accommodate motor impairments, and ensuring simplicity and clarity for those
with cognitive and learning disabilities.
Page 3: Extensive Impact and Continuous Enhancement
While WCAG 2.0 is principally directed at elevating accessibility for individuals with disabilities, its influence
surpasses this demographic. The guidelines, when put into practice, often lead to a comprehensive improvement
in usability for all users. Clear navigation, consistent design, and flexible content contribute to a more user-
friendly experience for everyone, irrespective of their abilities.
Additionally, the inclusive design principles embedded in WCAG acknowledge the evolving abilities of the aging
population. Adjustable text, legible fonts, and user-controlled adjustments contribute to a web environment that
accommodates the diverse needs of older individuals.
Implementing WCAG 2.0 is not a one-time task but an ongoing commitment. Technologies evolve, and so do user
needs. Regular evaluations, user testing, and updates are essential to ensure that web content remains
accessible and usable over time.
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