Conventional UT Question & Answers_General

1. ULTRASONIC TESTING
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GENERAL
1. Surfacewaves aremore highly attenuated by...
a. A curved surface
b. A heavy Couplant
c. A thin Couplant
d. Both a and b
2. Ultrasonic vibrations are commonly used to...
a. Examination of material for discontinuity
b. Examine material for thickness
c. Examine materials for mechanical properties
d. All of the above
3. B-scan display shows the relative
a. Distance a discontinuity is form the transducer and its through-
dimension thickness
b. Distance a discontinuity is form the transducer and its length in the
direction of transducer travels
c. Cross sectionalarea of discontinuity above a predetermined
amplitude
d. None of the above
4. Which of the following are reasons for using reference or calibration
standards?
a. They providea method of the test system performance
b. They providea method of standardizing the test system
c. They providea common basis for expressing test results
d. All of the above
5. The loss of energy as it passes through material is the result of beam :
a. Interference
b. Attenuation
c. Absorption
d. Reflection

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6. Which of the following could cause by excessive surfaceroughness of
the material being tested?
a. A loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities within the material
b. An increasein the width of the initial pulse
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above
7. Whenever ultrasonic incident angle is set at 5°from normal:
a. The refracted waveis mode converted
b. The refracted waveis the samemode as the incident wave
c. The refracted wavewill havetwo components, one of which will be
the sameas the incident wave
d. Itis impossibleto determine mode of refracted wavewithout more
information
8. Acoustic energy propagates in different mode. Which of the following
represents mode?
a. Longitudinal wave
b. Shear wave
c. Surfacewave
d. All of the above
9. The first naturalpiezo-electric transducers weremadefrom
a. quartz
b. silicon
c. barium titanate
d. clay
10.The area of maximum acoustic pressuredenotes the end of the ------------
a. dead zone
b. near zone
c. far zone
d. no zone

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11.Transducer sensitivity is defined as the ability of a transducer to :
a. Sense many kinds of discontinuities
b. Differentiate between surfaceindications and discontinuity
indications
c. Detect small discontinuities
d. Detect large discontinuities located close together in depth
12.Delay-tip type contact search units are primarily used for:
a. Defect detection
b. Sound wavecharacterization
c. Thickness measurementor flaw detection in thin materials
d. Attenuation measurements
e.
13.In figure01 transducer A is being used to establish:
a. Verification of wedgeangle
b. Sensitivity calibration
c. Resolution
d. Indexpoint
14.In figure01 transducer C is being used to establish:
a. Distance calibration
b. Resolution
c. Sensitivity calibration
d. Verification of wedgeangle

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15.In figure01 transducer A is being used to establish:
a. Sensitivity calibration
b. Distance calibration
c. Resolution
d. Verification of wedgeangle
16.When incident angle is chosen between the firstand second critical
angles, the ultrasonic wavegenerated within the part will be:
a. Longitudinal
b. Shear
c. Surface
d. Lamb
17. Long, narrow transducers consisting of mosaic pattern of small matched
crystals are
a. Mosaic transceivers
b. Wide brush transducers
c. Paint brush transducers
d. Multicrystal detectors
18. The two basic types of acoustical lenses used are :
a. Cylindrical and concave
b. Spherical and Convex
c. Cylindrical and spherical
d. Concave and convex
19.Which one of the following frequencies would probably result in
greatest attenuation losses in a given material
a. 0.5 MHz
b. 1.0 MHz
c. 2.0 MHz
d. 4.0 MHz

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20.Increasing gain by 14 dB (with non-linear ‘reject’ or ‘suppressor’ not
operating) results in
a. decrease of echo amplitude by 63 %
b. increase of echo amplitude by a factor of 15
c. increase of echo amplitude by a factor of 50
d. increase of a 10 % echo to 50 % amplitude
21.The time required to perform one complete cycle is called the ………….
a. Period
b. Frequency
c. Wave length
d. Velocity
22.The ability of the ultrasonic system to give simultaneous, separate
indication from discontinuities that are close together both in depth
below the front surface of a test specimen and in lateral position is
a. sensitivity
b. resolution
c. acoustic impedance
d. wave length
23.The movement of a particle away from its centre (rest) position is called
a. Cycle
b. Wavelength
c. Vibration
d. Displacement
24. Ultrasonic waves transmitted in fluids such as water are usually -----------
-
a. Lamb waves
b. Rayleigh waves
c. Shear waves
d. Longitudinal waves

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25.Plate waves exist in two basic models. They are
a. Symmetrical or dilatational
b. Symmetrical and asymmetrical
c. Asymmetrical or bending
d. Perpendicular and normal
26.An ultrasonic test instrument that displays pulses representing the
amplitude of reflected sound as a function of time and distance is said to
display a :
a. Continuous wave
b. A-scan presentation
c. B-scan presentation
d. C-scan presentation
27.when inspecting aluminium by the immersion method using water for
Couplant ,the following information is known:
Velocity of sound in water = 1.49X105
cm/s
Velocity of longitudinal wave in aluminium=6.32X105
cm/s
Angle of incident = 5°
The angle of refraction for longitudinal waves is approximately:
a. 22°
b. 18°
c. 26°
d. 16°
28.The most common method of producing shear wave in test part when
inspecting by the immersion method is:
a. By transmitting longitudinal waves into a part in a direction
perpendicular to its frontsurface
b. By using two crystals vibrating at different frequencies
c. By using a Y-cut quartz crystals
d. By angulating the search tube to the proper angle

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29.A point, line or surfaceof vibrating body marked by absolute or relative
freedom fromvibratory motion is referred as :
a. A node
b. An antinodes
c. Rarefaction
d. Compression
30.See above figure. A 15cm(6 inch) diameter rod is being inspected for
centreline cracks. TheA-scan presentation for one complete path
through the rod is as shown in figure. Where should there be an alarm
gate?
Given: Range= 0-10 inch
a. Between points A and E
b. At point D only
c. Between B and D
d. Alarm gate could not be used for this application

8. ULTRASONIC TESTING
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31.In a forging, flaws associates with non-metallic inclusions can most
accurately be described as having which of the following orientations?
a. Parallel to the major axis
b. Parallel to the minor axis
c. Aligned with forging flow lines
d. At approximately 45°to the forging direction
32.The pulse applied to the transducer is:
a. Electrical
b. Mechanical
c. Electro-mechanical
d. Piezo-electric
33.The sensitivity corrections for metal distanceand discontinuity area
responseareaccomplished by using:
a. An area amplitude set of blocks
b. An area amplitude and distance amplitude set of blocks
c. A distance amplitude set of blocks
d. Steel balls of varying diameter
34.Which frequency can best distinguish the difference between a large
planar defect and 4 stacked (multiple-layered) laminations in rolled
plate?
a. 0.5 MHZ
b. 1 MHz
c. 2.25 MHZ
d. 5 MHz
35.What would be the wavelength of the energy in lead (V=2.1X105
cm/s) if
it is tested with a 25 MHZ transducer?
a. 119 cm
b. 0.525cm
c. 0.0119cm
d. 0.0084cm

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36.The acoustic impedance for brass(V=4.43X105
cm/s, δ=8.42gm/cm3
) is:
a. 0.53 X 105
gm/cm2
s
b. 1.9 X 105
gm/cm2
s
c. 9.4 X 105
gm/cm2
s
d. 37 X 105
gm/cm2
s
37.The angle of reflection:
a. is equal to angle of incident
b. dependant on the Couplantused
c. dependant on the frequency used
d. equal to the angle of refraction
38.The amplifier rangeover which the unsaturated signalresponse
increases in amplitude in proportion to the discontinuity surfacearea is
the:
a. sensitivity range
b. vertical linearity range
c. selectivity range
d. horizontallinearity range
39. Warmwater is using as a Couplant during immersion testing to
a. maintain constant temperature of test part
b. decrease amountof bubbles forming on surfaceof test part
c. increase the transmission of sound through test part
d. we are not using warm water during immersion test
40. in an A-scan presentation, the horizontalbase line represents:
a. The amount of reflected ultrasonic energy
b. The distance travelled by the search unit
c. The elapsed time or distance
d. None of the above

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1. b 11. c 21. a 31. c
2. d 12. c 22. b 32. a
3. c 13. d 23. d 33. b
4. d 14. c 24. d 34. d
5. b 15. d 25. b 35. d
6. c 16. b 26. b 36. d
7. c 17. c 27. a 37. a
8. d 18. a 28. d 38. b
9. a 19. d 29. a 39. b
10. b 20. d 30. c 40. c