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- 1. Enviromental Assessment 6 & 7 Question 1 – 200 words 1. What are the costs and benefits of increasing our use of nuclear power to meet our long-term energy needs? Do you think that the United States should meet its energy demands by building new nuclear power plants? Why or why not? Question 2 – 200 words 1. What are fossil fuels? Describe each type of fossil fuel, and discuss the environmental costs associated with the use of fossil fuels. Question 3 – 200 words 1. How do photovoltaic cells work? What are some obstacles to the widespread use solar power, and how might those obstacles be overcome? Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Question 4 – Match Definations 1. Match each term with its definition. Igneous rock A. Form from the melting, contorting, and recrystallizing of other
- 2. rocks B. A naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a specific chemical composition and a specific internal crystal structure C. Formed when loose grains of other rocks are consolidated by time and pressure D. Solidified from hot, molten magma or lava E. Materials deposited by evaporation of chemical solutions F. A solid, cohesive aggregate of one or more minerals Unit VI – 2 page outline Research Paper Outline Provide a detailed outline of your research paper that will be due in Unit VIII. Your outline should be at least two pages in length. Please include a fully developed introductory paragraph within your outline. This will help you to develop a clear vision of the scope of your final paper. Unit VIII – 5 page paper from outline Research Paper For your final research paper, choose any topic listed in the table of contents and write a five page minimum paper that analyzes the topic. You may choose to explore a very specific subtopic (e.g., how melting polar ice caps will affect the polar bear population), or you may choose to write a broader overview (e.g., a discussion about both sides of the climate change debate). You may use the textbook as a reference, but the majority of
- 3. your paper must be researched from outside sources. Your paper must be supported by a minimum of five outside references from credible sources (i.e., peer - reviewed journal articles, textbooks, Internet search, and governmental position statements). NOTE: Unmonitored Web sites such as Wikipedia are NOT acceptable reference sources for a research paper; they may NOT be used in this course. The CSU Library is an excellent source of resource material for research papers. To view a list of library resources and features, click on the My Library link in the Course Menu. The paper will be a minimum of five pages in length, double - spaced, 12- point type, APA Style (title page and reference page are not included in page length) Question 1 – 200 words 1. What is urban sprawl? Describe the consequences of uncontrolled and unplanned urban expansion. Question 2 – 200 words 1. What is cost-benefit analysis? Do you think that CBA can accurately account for the value of natural resources? Why or why not? Question 3 – 200 words 1. Discuss the ways in which businesses are becoming more environmentally friendly. Do you think that green business initiatives are an important part of sustainability, or a marketing tool that will not have long-term benefits for the environment? Question 4 – 200 words 1. Describe the design principles of new urbanism. Do you think that these principles could be incorporated into your community? What would be the biggest challenges in doing so?
- 4. Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Question 5 – Match Words 1. Match each term with its definition. Ecological economics Ecological services Externalizing costs Internalizing costs Capital A. The act of disregarding or discounting resources or goods that contribute to producing something, but for which the produces
- 5. does not actually pay B. The act of ensuring that those who reap the benefits of resource use also bear all the external costs C. Ecological functions that we do not pay for, but depend on the environment to perform D. The sum of all products and services bought and sold in an economy E. Any form of wealth that contributes to the production of more wealth F. Applies ecological ideas of system functions and recycling to the definition of resources Environmental Technology Question 1 – 500 words 1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing ALL of the following topics (a. through h.): a. Describe the history of solid waste disposal in the United States. b. Our textbook has definitions of refuse, garbage, rubbish, and trash. Search references other than our textbook. Do other references agree with our textbook's definitions of those terms? If not, how do the other sources define those terms? Are the other sources in agreement with each other? c. Why are transfer stations necessary? Are they more likely to be used when a landfill is nearby or far away? d. What are the advantages and disadvantages of incineration? e. Describe the pyrolysis process as used in solid waste processing. f. Describe construction of a landfill including features that
- 6. distinguish landfills from dumps. g. Name a city in the world with extremely poor solid waste management. h. For a city of your choice anywhere in the world with a population of at least 100,000 people, describe solid waste collection (number and type of trucks), population served, number of transfer stations, number of landfills, size of the landfill(s), and proximity of the landfills relative to the city. On a scale of 0 to 10, how would you rate the city that you selected with regards to being progressive about solid waste management? A score of zero would be a city that does not even have dumps; people just throw their waste into the streets with no waste collection. A score of ten would be a very advanced city with excellent collection, reuse, recycling, and nearly zero waste going to landfills. A score of seven would be a city in a developed country with regular waste collection and landfills satisfying RCRA Subtitle D criteria or equivalent. Question 2 – 500 Words 1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing ALL of the following topics (a. through g.): a. What distinguishes a hazardous waste from a solid waste? b. Describe household hazardous waste. How should it be disposed of? c. Explain the use of manifests for tracking hazardous waste. d. What are the characteristics of a surface impoundment for liquid hazardous waste? e. Our textbook on page 332 indicates that in 2006 there were about 1,240 sites on the National Priority List (NPL). How many sites are currently on the NPL? f. Explain three hazardous waste site remediation technologies. g. Describe a Superfund site of your choice. Question 3 – 500 words 1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing ALL of the following topics (a. through k.): a. What are the primary three gases comprising the atmosphere? b. Explain how temperature varies with altitude.
- 7. c. Describe the environmental lapse rate. d. Why are sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead of such importance that they are criteria pollutants under the NAAQS? e. What is the range of particle size for fly ash? f. Explain the greenhouse effect. g. Describe carbon capture and sequestration. Do you think it is viable? h. Discuss the operation of a high volume sampler. Why does it need an air pump? i. If the concentration of carbon monoxide is 2.9% at a location along the highway at 70oC, what is the concentration in ppm? j. Describe three air pollution control strategies listed on page 374 of our textbook. k. Explain the operation of a wet scrubber. Question 4 – 500 words 1. Write an essay consisting of at least 500 words addressing ALL of the following topics (a. through f.): a. What is the difference between wavelength and frequency? b. If sound travels through steel at 5000 m/s and the sound frequency being transmitted is 400 Hz, what is the wavelength (meters) of the sound? c. Describe the concept of decibels and what they represent. d. Search the Internet for a hand-held sound level meter. Briefly present its specifications and cost. e. List four noise control techniques. f. Describe methods for reducing transportation noise. Hazardous Waste Question 1 1. The contingency plan associated with infectious waste management should include ____. Rupture of plastic bags
- 8. Equipment purchase price Hazwoper certification TSD permit numbers 4 points Question 2 1. Henri Bacquerel discovered that minerals containing uranium gave off energy that, _______. were capable of causing skin burns similar to that from overexposure to the sun capable of causing cancer-form skin spots penetrating black paper capable of producing a crude form of electrical power when exposed to light 4 points Question 3 1. Which of the following is a false statement? A qualified person or committee can handle the determination of whether or not dialysis unit wastes are classified as infectious.
- 9. Contaminated sharps are determined to be infectious by a qualified person or committee. The definition of infectious wastes includes the portal of entry as a necessary factor for induction of disease. Segregation of infectious wastes assures that the added costs of special handling will not be applied to noninfectious waste. 4 points Question 4 1. The half-life of Uranium-234 is _________. 36 hours 5,730 years 250,000 years 704 million years 4 points Question 5 1. The fusion process involves all of the following except _____. Simultaneous release of energy Combination of small atomic nuclei to form more massive nuclei
- 10. Instability of one or bother nuclei Splitting of two smaller nuclei 4 points Question 6 1. Pathological wastes include all of the following except _____. Serum and waste blood Tissues and body parts Organs Body fluids removed during surgery, autopsy and biopsy 4 points Question 7 1. What is the significance of "half-life"? It is the measurement of radioactive isotopes in curies that will still exist within half a lifetime of the listed isotope It is the amount of time required for half of the atoms in a sample to decay It is a generalized termed used to measure the quantity of
- 11. available nuclear material in National stockpiles It is a physical measurement of laboratory-grade nuclear material used in "heavy water" production 4 points Question 8 1. What subtitle and section codifies medical waste regulations? Subtitle L, 40 CFR 259 Subtitle O, 29 CFR 1200 Subtitle J, 40 CFR 259 Subtitle J, 40 CFR 1200 4 points Question 9 1. All of the following have regulations, authorities or professional practices regarding infectious wastes except ___________. NRC DOD USPS
- 12. CPSC 4 points Question 10 1. Regulated Medical waste includes all of the following except _____. cultures and stocks of infectious agents human blood and blood products sharps contaminated animal blood and blood products used in laboratory testing 4 points Question 11 – 200 words 1. Define “ALARA” and discuss its three major concepts. Question 12 – 200 Words 1. Identify and discuss three categories of infectious wastes and give specific examples of each. What are the proper handling procedures for these wastes? Question 1 1. Which of the following is false regarding emergency response teams? On-scene incident commanders must have extensive training beyond the first responder awareness level. Hazardous materials specialists must be able to develop a site safety and control plan.
- 13. First responders, operations level must know basic control, containment, and confinement operations. First responders, awareness level must know how to select and use specialized chemical protective equipment. 4 points Question 2 1. Corrective Action Requirements are found in which section? 29 CFR 1910.120, RCRA 40 CFR 280, Subpart L and O 40 CFR 280, Subpart E and F 29 CFR 1910 Subpart L and O 4 points Question 3 1. The "buddy system" is associated with what aspect of the HAZWOPER standard? Training Handling drums and containers PPE
- 14. Site control 4 points Question 4 1. New UST systems require all but which one of the following? All owners/operators must ensure that certification, testing or inspection is used to demonstrate compliance by providing a certificate of compliance on the UST notification. The piping that routinely contains regulated substances and is in contact with the ground must be properly designed, constructed and protected from corrosion. Owners/operators must install specified equipment to prevent spilling and overfilling associated with product transfer to the UST. All owner/operators must secure permits for installations 90 days prior to the 1st fill of the tanks. 4 points Question 5 1. Which monitoring procedures are essential to maintenance of safe working conditions, where heat injury is a potential hazard? WBGT HAZWOPER
- 15. ACGIH NIOSH 4 points Question 6 1. HAZWOPER trainers must meet the qualifications of _________ requiring specific training in the subjects taught or appropriate academic credentials. 29 CFR 38 (a) 29 CFR 1910.1200 (p) 29 CFR 1910.120 (e)(5) 29 CFR 38 (a) through (g) 4 points Question 7 1. Minimum requirements for an emergency response (action) plan for employers who will evacuate employees from the workplace and do not permit any of their employees to assist in handling the emergency are codified in what section? 29 CFR 1910.1200 (p) 29 CFR 38 (a)
- 16. 29 CFR 1910.120 (e) 29 CFR 1910.95 4 points Question 8 1. Chemicals exert a toxic effect on humans by gaining access to tissues and cells. Which of the following is not an example of a major route of exposure of these toxic chemicals? Inhalation Dermal absorption Ionizing radiation Injection 4 points Question 9 1. What was created by Congress in 1986 by Subtitle I and reauthorized for 5 more years in 1990? Post closure rules Temporary closure rules LUST Trust Fund (Leaking Underground Storage Tanks)
- 17. Modifications to financial responsibility requirements 4 points Question 10 1. What federal regulation deals with LUST's? Subtitle O, RCRA HAZWOPER Subtitle I, RCRA Subtitle L, HSWA 4 points Question 11 -200 words 1. What is HAZWOPER, and what are its major component sections? In addition, summarize the key components that would come into play when you must evaluate an abandoned industrial paint manufacturing facility with a good size field of 250-300 unknown, unmarked drums in the open field next to the manufacturing building. What factors contribute to the complexity of remediation of properties contaminated with fuels containing MTBE? Question 12 – 200 words 1. You have been notified by the attorney for your late Dear Uncle Harry that he left his old service station property to you. It has been padlocked since 1976. You decide to look the place over and find that there are at least two underground storage tanks that apparently have some petroleum product in them. The nearby, long-unused well contains water that has a strong odor of petroleum. What must be one of the first things that you do?
- 18. Give your thoughts on how you would proceed with handling this newfound property….treasure…..dilemma???