endix A: ttre Laboratory Write-Up Write-ups are short reports on the lab exercise you performed. You willgive a short background inEoducing the topic, give any corrections or changes in the procedures used, present your data and d[scuss it. This format is similar to that used by all practicing biologists. Diedions for the write-ups are specific and should be followed correctly. Your I teaching assistant will dsuJss with you the content expected for each particular write up. General directions for the content and furm of each section are given below. lf you have any questions on what to include, how to phrase wnefting, how to cite it, etc., please see vour teachinq assistant before the write- up is due. They will go oueryourwrite- up and give you suggestions on how to improve it. They will not, however, grade it or gtue you a point total. fuitg information. Your first best source of information is your textbook. Use the index to search for Eymrds. Most of you will also use the internet. Be VERY careful. Anyone can post anything on the cb-gDod or bad. The UT library has a guide that will help you decide located at l*bfdilxuides.utoledo.edu/findinternet. How can you tell a page has good information or not? Apply the CRAAP test! I encourage you to use sources other than Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a good place toptart but most professors do not consider it a strong source for scientific references. General. Write-ups are due the lab session following the completed lab. Write-ups are a maximum of t*o (2) single - spaced or four (4) double-spaced typewritten or word processed pages. Handwritten ass[nments will not be accepted. Lab write-ups must be prepared individuallv by each participant. Goltaboration in data collection is fine, but not in the preparation of written work to be submitted for agr*. Each report will be graded based upon its completeness, accuracy, organization, and the overall quahty of the work. Penalties of 10o/o per day will be assigned to write-ups received after the scheduled deadline. A handout will be given for each lab write up. Use it. The grading rubric used by the TA is based on the handout. lf you adequately and correctly address each point on the handout, you will do well. The handout is typically in the format of a bullet list to make it easy to use. Your lab write up MUST be in essay format. Any report turned in using outline format will Nor be accepted. Prcsentation. This is a science lab. You are evaluated on the scientific content in your write-up. However, if your presentation is so poor that it impedes understanding, points will be deducted. General rules of grammar and spelling must be followed. Use a spell- checking program or have someone proof read your paper to increase accuracy. The campus has a Writing Center that can be very helpful in reviewing your work and giving helpful advice. The style of writing may be somewhat different from that in your composition classes. You are expected to be formal in your ...

1. endix A: ttre Laboratory Write-Up
Write-ups are short reports on the lab exercise you performed.
You willgive a short background
inEoducing the topic, give any corrections or changes in the
procedures used, present your data and
d[scuss it. This format is similar to that used by all practicing
biologists.
Diedions for the write-ups are specific and should be followed
correctly. Your I teaching assistant will
dsuJss with you the content expected for each particular write
up. General directions for the content and
furm of each section are given below. lf you have any questions
on what to include, how to phrase
wnefting, how to cite it, etc., please see vour teachinq assistant
before the write- up is due. They will go
oueryourwrite- up and give you suggestions on how to improve
it. They will not, however, grade it or
gtue you a point total.
fuitg information. Your first best source of information is your
textbook. Use the index to search for
Eymrds. Most of you will also use the internet. Be VERY
careful. Anyone can post anything on the
cb-gDod or bad. The UT library has a guide that will help you
decide located at
l*bfdilxuides.utoledo.edu/findinternet. How can you tell a page
has good information or not? Apply the
CRAAP test! I encourage you to use sources other than
Wikipedia. Wikipedia is a good place toptart but
most professors do not consider it a strong source for scientific
references.

2. General. Write-ups are due the lab session following the
completed lab. Write-ups are a maximum of
t*o (2) single - spaced or four (4) double-spaced typewritten or
word processed pages. Handwritten
ass[nments will not be accepted. Lab write-ups must be
prepared individuallv by each participant.
Goltaboration in data collection is fine, but not in the
preparation of written work to be submitted for agr*. Each
report will be graded based upon its completeness, accuracy,
organization, and the overall
quahty of the work. Penalties of 10o/o per day will be assigned
to write-ups received after the scheduled
deadline.
A handout will be given for each lab write up. Use it. The
grading rubric used by the TA is based on the
handout. lf you adequately and correctly address each point on
the handout, you will do well. The
handout is typically in the format of a bullet list to make it easy
to use. Your lab write up MUST be in
essay format. Any report turned in using outline format will Nor
be accepted.
Prcsentation. This is a science lab. You are evaluated on the
scientific content in your write-up.
However, if your presentation is so poor that it impedes
understanding, points will be deducted. General
rules of grammar and spelling must be followed. Use a spell-
checking program or have someone proof
read your paper to increase accuracy. The campus has a Writing
Center that can be very helpful in
reviewing your work and giving helpful advice. The style of
writing may be somewhat different from that in
your composition classes. You are expected to be formal in your
presentation, however, use of the third

3. person is not required. This is not a "story" but a presentation of
science. You should form a hypothesis,
make observations and analyze them logically. Your reactions,
feelings or interpretations are not
included. Absolutely no hand written reports will be accepted.
lntroduction. The introduction is a brief paragraph that has two
functions: to provide the context for the
lab and to state the question asked and the hypothesis tested in
the study. The format should be
background, question, hypothesis, and prediction. Clearly
indicate these in yourwrite up. Each lab asks
a question. For example, what affect does sodium cyanide have
on the rate of respiration in pea
seedlings? You will form a hypothesis- a possible explanation
for your observations. your hypothesis
might be that "treatment with cyanide decreases the rate of
respiration ". The prediction is then that
cyanide treated peas will have lower rates of respiration as
compared to the control pea seedlings.
Remember to correctly cite material used from the lab manual
or text books. lf the lab does not have a
clear question, you will be given help forming one.
195 Leady 2015-2016
Methods. This is a Summary of the methods and
procedures used, ln most instances this will consist d
a brief statement verifying that the instructionsin the
manuar were forowed. Remember to cite the lab
manual.Thisisalsotheplacetomention"nv.n,ng"sinprotocol.Didyo
ufollowexactlyeverystepin

4. the manual? lf not, explain what changes were made'
Results. Begin this section with a brief paragraph.explaining
tle form of the results presented' For
example,
,,Results tor ifre 3 experiments perfirnieO aie presented in
Tables
1-3 and Figure 1' Figure 1 is
a graphic depiction of in" i"i"iration in tables 1-3." Results
may consist of tables' diagrams' graphs or
pictures. Each must n"
"r"rirv
raueteo witn a numoer and descriptive tire. The axes,of
graphs must be
clearly labeled witn units. Ani additionar iniormation such
as a key or footnotes should be included-
DiscussionlConclusion(s).Thisisthemostimportantsection,ofthew
rite-up.lnthissection,the
resurts you obtained ;;;-i;i.;;p*ted and "reriiv "ipr"ined.
The foilowing steps witt help organize your
writing.
1) Restate your question, hypothesis and prediction'
2) Answer the question
3) Write oo*n ih:e specific data, including results of statistical
tests.

5. 4) State whether your results did or did riot confirm
your prediction and support or negate yow
hYPothesis.
5) Write Oo*n ine Oiology involved DIRECTLY in your
experiment'
Do not add extraneous
information. How do your resutts fit in with what
you know? what is the signiftcnnce d
your resutts? Find "oiorogy'- in your text boor o-r in reference
books' Ask if you are
6ruing i;rble. tt takes piictic6 to use the re€ources available to
you'
6)Listweaknessesyouhaveidentifiedinyourexperimentaldesign.H
owwouldyourernedy
these?
7) List any problems that arose during the experiment itself' Did
these
affect your resufts?
After completing the list, integrate this information into
several simple concise paragraphs
Literature Cited.
Correctly cite the lab manual and any text used in
your write-up' There is a fine line between general
knowredge that does noi neea to oe titeo ano rntoimation

6. that must be cited. rt is better to en on the side
of too many citations than too few. writinj that plants
grow toward the sun is a general statement not
requiring a citation. coniinuing on that thil p;;-",;; ir iu"
to.,phototropism
based on hormonalsignals
blearly requires a citalion. lf y6u know prttirf* facts you stili
need to site them'
Perhaps you knew from
a science tair pro;eci ine oetinition or pnototiopism.
That is great and knowing that the fact exists will
save you time in iocating the appropriate reference'
wikipedia will NoT be accepted as a reference for
BloL2l6Ot218O'
No encyclopedias will be
accepted.
You a ired the APA fqno t for referencee.
ffitheformatfollows'
For further information consutt rhe
pubtication Manuar of the American psychotogicar Associafion
(5th ed')
ln your
[iil:. using ApA format, foilow the author-date method of
citation. lnclude the author's last
name

7. and year of publication in your text''
- Smith (1970) compared reaction times ' ' ' '
- ln a recent siudy of reaction times (Smith' 1970) ' ' ' '
- ln 1970, Smith compared reaction times ' ' ' '
For Short Quotations:
To indicate snirt quotations (fewer than 10 words) in
your text' enclose the quotation within
double quotation marts. provide the author, and
year, ano lnitroe a complete reference in the reference
list.
196 Leady 2015-2016
t
{
{
{
tq
{
{It
I
{
{
q
q
q
{
q

8. I
q
I
(
q
(
(
(
i
He stated, "The placebo effect disappeared when behaviors were
studied in this manner" (Smith,
1982), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.
Smith (1982) found that "the placebo effect disappeared when
behaviors were studied in this manner" .
For Long Quotations:
Don't use long quotations. The point of the lab write up is for
you to present and discuss your
data. You are not to string together quotes to write your report.
At the end of your text:
Basrb Rules for Works Cited
- authors' names are last name first
give the last name and initials for all authors
- alphabetize works cited by authors' last names.
-use "&" instead of "and" when listing multiple authors of a
single work (in text citations in
parentheses, too).

9. - use hanging indents- all lines after the first line of each entry
should be indented one-half inch
from the left margin
-capitalize only the first word of a title and subtitle of a work.
-italicize titles of books and journals.
For Periodicals: r
one aufrror
Harlouv, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology
journal articles. Journal of Comparative and
Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.
ffo authors
Afl<inson, R. C. & Schiffrin, R. M. (1971). The control of
shortterm memory. Scientific American, 225 (2),
82-90.
mautror
The blood business. (1972, September 11) Time, pp.47-48.
For Books:
qre author
1 965 The carefulwriter: A modern New York: Athenaeum.
bro authors
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (1979). The etements of style
(3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
corporate author
U.S. Government Printing Office. (1973). Style manual (Rev.
ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.
edited volume
Maher, B. A. (Ed.). (1964-1972). Progress in experimental
personality research (6 vols.). New York:

10. Academic Press.
article in edited book
Riesen, A. H. (1966). ln E. Stellar & J. M. Sprague book (Eds.),
Progress in Physiological Psychology
(Vol. 1). New York:Academic Press.
Basic Forms for Electronic Sources
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of
afticle. Retrieved month date, year,
from http://Web address.
Coral Reef Alliance. (2001). What is a coralreef? Retrieved 9
July 2001 from
http://www.coralreefalliance.orq/faq.
Ldb Write Up Re-writes
Lab write ups follow very specific rules and expectations. ln
order to allow for students to benefit from
lessons learned in their first lab write up, we offer a re-write of
the first write up. You may re-write the first
write up of the semester. The scores of the original and re-
written write up will be averaged together.
, B. (2015). Fundamentals of Life Science Lab Manual.
Plymouth, Ml: Hayden-McNeil Publishinq.
197 Leady 2015-2016
Lab 5: PIant rranspiration
Water is one of the basic raw materials of phgtoqynlhg_gts_*lt
is the majoleomponent of-plant tissues,

11. making up 907. oT t'!9p!9n1p9gly= waieit irieEostanciin *rri"n
,,iri.rt"lirr.
".tei
and teave the
--eElEofpIants:"-lf*ls-th-e solvent for various biochemical
reactions in living cells.
r_!e am9y1! gt.wlJef 9-s9-d pv p!pn!s- !s- .!91 gle_{gl 1len-
,tbatusea+y*animal.s*-glq9:ruee!]g:ue1gnl- rhe
reason-for this is that a large amount of tne w-dtei used by
animats is recircrita-iedlffie tffiiT}iooO
plasma or tissue fluid- ln plants, over g0% of the water taken in
by the ryq!,s1s-tem-is gy6rpprated into the
qilarl lvqlervaPor This process, which lafgely occurs through
tne havgs,-istilfeO transpi.ation
Clonsequently, ptants not-o'nly haVe developed extensive and
efficient transport systems but also
n u merous morph olog ical adaptation g 1o
con-sqrve-water.
Transpiration is the pulling force or tension generated by the
evaporation-of w.at-e;f-r,o.m leaves., Hydrogen
bonding makes,a__continuous column of water from the
molecules o[water in the roots !o lhgsq leivingtle leaves. lQ1 a-
"[u1e1y physical phenomenerr-, A porous Cta/ cup has a putt
equat to that of a phnt 6r
the same surface area. The porous-elay is similar to the spongy
mesophyll layer of leaveq.
ln today's lab, we will examine the factors that affect
transpiration in a mod-gl system of a plant cutting in-a
-:{em9t9r.

12. A potometer is a device for measurip-g*tfe amount of w-a[er
lost by a plant plltlng The pip-g]L
accurately measures the amount of water lost A reservoir
supp!!e.q-y.qte1w-F_! q! glperilne$_il6t_
running. When an experiment is runling.the re_geiuoit-iS
damped off so that waiei $i'veh"irff6"ilne-ptant
will draw the level of water in the pipet dQwn. lfiS"important
to'nave tne reservoir co-mpletely clamped off
during an experiment so that it does not refill the pipet. lf your
water level does not move aiall duiing an
experiment, chec[ t[e-reservoir cE-ry]p. The water used in this
experiment is also important. you will use
only aged tap watei. if ia*agedTo:tto* any dissolved gas toonly
ageo tap water. lt ls aged to allow any dissolved gas to escape.
Dissolved gases (or visible air
bubbles)anywhereicolr"lrrrnofwaterrequirediortranspiration d)
to occur. Use only aged water and check carefully that all air
bubbles have been removed from the fr,potometer.
-U
Y
Ja
Xylem vessel
Transpiration
G)Hayden-McNci1, LLC
Water
molecule
Mesophyll cell
Atmosphere

13. Water molecule
Xylem vessel
Cell wall
Cohesion bv
hydrogen b6nding
Water lost by
transpiration
Root pressure
Waterabsorbed j
by root hairs
Figure 1. Transpiration
37 Leady 2015-2016
6.
7.
Protocol
1. Working in pairs, examine the potometer set up. lt may
already be set up for you. Listen to TA
directions carefully BEFORE beginning.
2. Fill the funnel reservoir with aged tap water. Aging tap water
allows for the release of minute air
bubbles. Release both pinch clamps to fill the entire apparatus

14. with water. When the pipet and
tubing lines are full, shut the pinch clamps.
3. Make sure there are no le_aks in the system. Clear all air
bubbles from the system. Light the tubing
from behind to help find the air bubbles. Try squeezing the
tubing to foice bubbtes out one eid.
Align the top of the water level in the reservoir with the sensor.
When the clamp is released, the
water levels should equilibrate.
4. Obtain an evergreen cutting. The stem should fit snuggly in
the tubing. Place the cutting in a finger
bowlfilled with aged tap water.
5. Keeping the stem undenrvater, slide the tubing over the stem
end without introducing air bubbles.
Watch the TA demo carefully. Repeat the prgcedure if there is
an air bubble. iry to avoid wet
leaves.
Clamp the stem to the ring stand.
Connect the plastic tubing to gas pressure sensor valve.
CAUTION: Do NOT allow water to enter the
valve.
8. Allow the system 5 minutes to adjust to the new environment.
Stomata will close under newl*stressful
conditions. They will open again shortly. Set the computer up
during this time.
9. Connect the Gas Pressure Sensor to the computer interface.
Prepare thelomputer for data collection
by opening the file "09 Transpiration" from the Advanced
Biology with Veinierfolder of Logger

15. Pro.
10. After the plant has equilibrated for 5 minutes, you may
begin an experiment.
11. When you are ready_to run an experiment, clamp off the
tgOllgto the reservoir. The cutting shou6
only draw water from the gas pressure sensor. Click llcorr"c to
begin data collection. Data will be
collected for 15 minutes. Write the data into the correCf iante
for ealh experiment.
12. Should your cutting use all of the water from the pipet
during an experiment, replace with water from
the reservoir. Open the clamp to the reservoir and note how
much water is added.
'13. At the conclusion of each experiment, release the reservoir
clamp. Refill the reservoir as needed.
Avoid introducing air bubbles.
14. At the end of the lab period, do NOT remove your plant
cutting. Refill the reservoir and release all
clamps.
Experiments
Record water loss readings every 5 minutes for 20 minutes.
Control- Monitor water loss from your cutting under normal lab
conditions. .lhis*Will"giVe you the
ba.ckgroundrateoftranspirationinnormalilluminationanoair-
su.[enii
wi!o- Agd. aTan rg genili bbw'rou r eutting.
-
No'violeht wind Etorms preasl.

16. Light- Add an LED light soulge:
I,ED*lighlq"dp_[olgenerate[qq!,
Light & Wind- Add both the LED tight and fan.
38 Leady 2015-2016
I
t 02-
l'l'll
too ,'37
a1 ,56
19,70
Icl .
loto2
fao .
q.-*
66
a$'
=-.<l-
Set up for calculation of standard deviation 5- .-^^.
Calcuiation of Water Loss Rate per 5 minutes for evergreen
cuttings from CONTROL.
,t*o/e*.!

17. d e.V;"'-h)'lY
Calculation of Water Loss Rate per 5 minutes for evergreen
cuttings from WIND'
l'L
Z*1
667,
l
Time A A- mean
(A- mean)
2
-o-5 o .q+ o. o ga 5 o.oa-Z€dtZt
-ho a, I - Q, a5z$ o,, oaZTf zS
{tj)E o, sl o,o+24 o. o o
t8o625
1E)0 o , 96 o .oo.-7$ o-c2oo65625
Sum= 7 , +l Sum=
o. o tZZ 75
# of rows ..1'f # of rows-1= 3
Mean o,. g5L5 Variance= o oo 4o1,
l'= " '
G6:3'q66 t1
O . o o €4
O, o6o I

18. Sum= O-atq
# of rows-1=
Variance= o . 6Ad;
to=o . AAg{oll
39 Leady 2015-2016
ffi
ir
lol.e
loo'B
1" o.o8
aq &8
q8.6
t-L
I "l ,
oo
q,q'6
qg.
calculation of water Loss Rate ,",. ,"n1,*r"s for evergreen
cuttings from LIGHT.

19. Calculation of Water Loss Rate per 5 minutes for evergreen
cuttings from WIND & LIGHT.
Time A A- mean (A- mean) 2
k
Q
--e+ Q'l q+ cj. 13 O, ol6q
-5:T0 o 77 o, oz O,ocso4
-TU+5 e- t 'a,ol o sool
_T570 o.7l o, t O,ol
Sum= 3 , Z-+ Sum= O , oz7 +
# of rows +
# of rows-1= B
Mean o. 8l Variance= G, oon13
sD= o. o "lS;6gE
t'(-
.4a
Time A A- mean (A- mean) 2
--o
s 0 ,68 b , a4zs c2 , o o LTkB
5-1 0 o, 71 - o _o3-75 o. o otlo6 ?s
--r0=r5 o" +8 - o,3+75 o.LZo75<25
,i570 t, /6 o , n32-s bt tlo556?

20. Sum= 3,Vl Sum= o - 2>5475
# of rows
4- # of tows_1= g
Mean (̂). gzTi Variance= o. o-791_ll,.
SD=
o ' 2-8 o16 36
l
J
Lt_
Leady 2015-2016
Lab 5 Worksheet
Table 1. Raw data from tinn lah Water loss from
Water loss readings (ml)
Lioht & WindTime Control Wind Liqht
0 C)
o a o
5 o. Q,4 o, 8l a, ct + a,6B
10 o.g /'t6L o, -7q o . 7q
15 a. 8t c)t 6q o.9 Ct, +B
20 o.86 n , 6g o'al l, la

21. Lab 5 Transpiration Lab Write Up STUDENT VERSION - DUE
in 1 Week
• 1 complete paper copy given to your TA due in 1 week at the
beginning of lab AND 1 digital copy uploaded to BlackBoard
• This report is not considered turned in UNTIL BOTH the
paper and digital copies are turned in – if you don’t turn in a
paper or
digital copy, the report is LATE until you do
• If you attend another lab section for this experiment, your
report is due during your normal lab period
You must do this wet lab yourself to do this report. If you
cannot attend your lab or a makeup lab then you will do an
alternate
lab write up. You cannot get data from another student.
- Late reports drop 10% for every day they are late
! reports can be turned in by time/date stamping them and
sliding them in the slot in the box near WO1217
! if you have problems, call TA or John Arnold (419.530.4588)
ASAP
! problems with printer, computers, etc. not an acceptable
excuse for late work
! missing lab (excused or unexcused) extends your deadline 24
hours
- See Appendix A - carefully follow instructions for citing
work in the body and works cited sections
NOTE: No Wikipedia or other encyclopedia citations will be
accepted
- I urge you to come to office hours before report is due
- Write-ups MUST be in essay format. Reports in bulleted or

22. outline format will not be accepted.
50 points
Title (page), name and section number required (no points)
Introduction
Background- watch your 2 page limit!- more words may not
equal a better grade
! How does transpiration work?
! Why are adhesion and cohesion important properties of water?
! How is evaporation linked to transpiration?
Question- what factors affect transpiration?
Hypothesis- Factors that increase evaporation will increase
transpiration-
Prediction- Light and wind combined will result in the highest
rate of transpiration.
cite sources used- will be graded in literature cited section
- beware of plagiarism – do NOT directly copy information
without citing
o Please limit the number and length of direct quotes – use your
own words and phrasing
- The department attitude on plagiarism is that we are here to
educate students first and foremost so… We tell you what
plagiarism is before this report, grade the report
and indicate any problems with a “see me”, then explain
explicitly what is the problem in a face to face meeting. You
will lose points for plagiarized material that is not
correctly cited. If large sections or the entire paper is
plagiarized, you will face the consequences of academic
dishonesty. Both the person who copied the work AND
the person the work was copied from will have consequences.
Methods - TAKE NOTES BEFORE YOU LEAVE LAB
- lab manual citation for method – DO NOT rewrite entire

23. protocol
- details/ changes/ modifications in protocol – yes or no?
Results
- Brief paragraph (see Appendix A)
- watch for students straying into a discussion
- in this report, the paragraph might include info on eliminating
air bubbles
- data table (all columns on page 39-40) and graph (include
title and label axes) does not count as part of 2 pg limit
Discussion/Conclusion
- most important section
- do each section separately
- Restate question, hypothesis and prediction
- Answer the question
- MUST use their results to answer the questions
- Control
o Why do you have to do a control?
o What is the rate of transpiration for the control (use your
data)
- Light only
o How does light increase transpiration?
o What is the rate of transpiration for light only (use your data)
o Do your results reflect an increase? Why or why not?
o Did/ Would heat from the light bulb alter your results? Why
did or might this happen?
- Wind Only
o How does wind increase transpiration?
o What is the rate of transpiration for wind only (use your data)
o Do your results reflect an increase? Why or why not?
o Did/Would heavy wind alter your results? Why did or might
this happen?

24. - Wind and Light Combines
o What is the rate of transpiration for wind only (use your data)
o Do your results reflect an increase? Why or why not?
o Was this the highest rate of transpiration? Use your data to
demonstrate.
o Why is this the expected highest rate?
- Name and discuss 3 other factors that could be investigated
using this same technique/apparatus.
- Weaknesses
- Problems- difficult to measure, problems with potometer
Lit Cited
- Lab manual and 1 other source minimum (extras count toward
presentation points) cited in intro/discussion section AND
correct format in lit cited
Presentation
- written within space limitation (2 single spaced or 4 double
spaced pages) (does not include table or graph)
- no more than 4 misspellings in the document
- Grammar is easy to read and clear