This document discusses cross-cultural communication and values. It defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, and habits that are acquired by people in a society. Some common cross-cultural values discussed for Americans and Japanese include individualism, competition, and directness for Americans; and belonging, group harmony, and indirectness for Japanese. The document also describes Edward T. Hall's model of high and low context cultures and how important characteristics for innovations to be adopted include relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. It identifies different categories of adopters from innovators to laggards.

1. Topic : Cross CultureTopic : Cross Culture
CommunicationCommunication
Name : Gamit Aku R.Name : Gamit Aku R.
130210107010130210107010

2. What is culture?What is culture?
““That complex whole which includesThat complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, andknowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and
any other capabilities and habits acquired byany other capabilities and habits acquired by
man as a member of society”man as a member of society”

3. Cross-cultural ValuesCross-cultural Values
 FreedomFreedom
 IndependenceIndependence
 Self-relianceSelf-reliance
 EqualityEquality
 IndividualismIndividualism
 CompetitionCompetition
 EfficiencyEfficiency
 TimeTime
 DirectnessDirectness
 OpennessOpenness
 BelongingBelonging
 Group harmonyGroup harmony
 CollectivenessCollectiveness
 Age/seniorityAge/seniority
 Group consciousnessGroup consciousness
 CooperationCooperation
 QualityQuality
 PatiencePatience
 IndirectnessIndirectness
 Go-betweenGo-between
Americans Japanese

4. Edward T. Hall's ModelEdward T. Hall's Model
High-context culturesHigh-context cultures
 Long-lastingLong-lasting
relationshipsrelationships
 Exploiting contextExploiting context
 Spoken agreementsSpoken agreements
 Insiders and outsidersInsiders and outsiders
clearly distinguishedclearly distinguished
 Cultural patternsCultural patterns
ingrained, slow changeingrained, slow change
Low-context culturesLow-context cultures
 Shorter relationshipsShorter relationships
 Less dependent onLess dependent on
contextcontext
 Written agreementsWritten agreements
 Insiders and outsidersInsiders and outsiders
less clearly distinguishedless clearly distinguished
 Cultural patterns changeCultural patterns change
fasterfaster

5.  Important characteristics of an innovationImportant characteristics of an innovation
include:include:
 relative advantagerelative advantage (the degree to which it is(the degree to which it is
perceived to be better than what it supersedes);perceived to be better than what it supersedes);
 compatibilitycompatibility (consistency with existing values, past(consistency with existing values, past
experiences and needs);experiences and needs);
 complexitycomplexity (difficulty of understanding and use);(difficulty of understanding and use);
 trialabilitytrialability (the degree to which itcan be(the degree to which itcan be
experimented with on a limited basis);experimented with on a limited basis);
 observabilityobservability (the visibility of its results).(the visibility of its results).

6.  Different adopter categories are identified as:Different adopter categories are identified as:
 innovatorsinnovators (venturesome) –(venturesome) – 1-3%1-3%
 early adoptersearly adopters (respectable) –(respectable) – 13%13%
 early majorityearly majority (deliberate) –(deliberate) – 34%34%
 late majoritylate majority (skeptical) –(skeptical) – 34%34%
 laggardslaggards (traditional) –(traditional) – 16%16%

7. Thank YouThank You