1. Dwarka, Delhi, India
DELHI 2050 Dwarka 6.1
Dwarka Water Design
Freelance Assistant Urban Designer
One Architecture
2014,Amsterdam
2. Biodivesity
Surface runoff
Hydrology Ecology & Biology Comfort & Health
Evapotranspiration
Groundwater recharge
Water level
Stream hydrology
Channel form
Human thermal comfort
Riparian vegetation
NATURAL
runoff runoff runoff
evapotranspiration evapotranspiration evapotranspiration
infiltration infiltration infiltration
URBANIZED
Low
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
High
High
High
High
Natural Peaky
Natural
Intact
High Very Low Moderate
RestoredDegraded
Channelized Recovered
Recovered
Natural Hot Comfortable, close to natural
SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT
Design partners Entrepreneurs
Schools
network diagram
Institutional
Partners
Media Partners
Funding
Providers
Knowledge
Partners
Societies &
Residents
Builders &
Developers
Land owners
turnkey products
turnkeyproducts
turnkey solutions
knowlegde output
feedback, projects
workshop and prom
otion
feedback, projects
daily education and practice
financial support
policysupportandcollabration
policyandsubsidysupport
Lawenforcementandpolicysupport
motivationandpolicysupport
knowledgesupportprojects
projects
knowledgesupport
knowledge exchange
and
collabratio
n
advocacy
informationexchange
knowledge exchange and collabration
One architecture (NL)
Studio Makkink & Bey (NL)
arch i platform (IN)
Shri Venkateshwar
International School (IN)
Dwarka International School (IN)
Unity Group (IN)
Outokumpu (IN)
stimulerings fonds (NL)
School of Planning and Architecture (IN)
GGSIP University, Dwarka (IN)
Jamia Millia Islamia (IN)
Green Technology Companies (NL & IN)
Khub Chand Tyagi (IN)
nearly thirty housing societies in
Dwarka (IN)
Dwarka Forum (IN)
Wageningen University (NL)
LOLA landscape (NL)
Indian National Trust for Art and
Cultural Heritage (INTACH) (IN)
Centre for Science and
Environment (CSE) (IN)
Indian Architect and Builder
Magazine (IN)
Radio Dwarka (online) (IN)
Government
Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) (IN)
Delhi Development Authority (DDA) (IN)
Delhi Jal Board(DJB) (IN)
green space
unbuilt space
intersection area
sections
Annual rainfall: 600mm
80% rainfall in heavy rain period (June-September)
Amount of rainfall in heavy rain period per ha = 100m x 100m x 0.6m x 80% x 1000
= 4,800,000 liters/ha=1.2 MG/ha
Volume of water body = caption area x amount of rainfall in heavy rain period
Total volume of water body in sections:
A: 210 ha x 1.2 = 252 MG
B: 72 ha x 1.2 = 86 MG
C: 126 x 1.2 = 151 MG
D: 115x 1.2 = 138 MG
E: 153 x 1.2 = 183 MG
F: 105 x 1.2 = 126 MG
G: 30 x 1.2 = 36 MG
H: 165 x 1.2 = 198 MG
I: 97 x 1.2 = 97 MG
J: 124 x 1.2 = 149 MG
K: 148 x 1.2 = 177 MG
L: 650 x 1.2 = 780 MG
water body
drainage system
N
Volume of future water bodies
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
D
115 ha
115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain
period
public green space and unbuilt space green space: around 1/4 of the area
unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
If only green space is transformed to ponds, the
water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
D
115 ha
115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain
period
public green space and unbuilt space green space: around 1/4 of the area
unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
If only green space is transformed to ponds, the
water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
D
115 ha
115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain
period
public green space and unbuilt space green space: around 1/4 of the area
unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
If only green space is transformed to ponds, the
water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
D
115 ha
115 ha x 1.2 MG/ha = 138 MG rainfall in heavy rain
period
public green space and unbuilt space green space: around 1/4 of the area
unbuilt space: around 1/4 of the area
If only green space is transformed to ponds, the
water body depth will reach around 1.2x4 =5 meters.
Leakage, losses and waste:
1. Install a water meter and check regularly to make sure they aren’t leaking (a leak of one drop each second wastes approximately 10,000 litres
of water each year).
2. maintenace of water transportation system/prevention of water leakage -13%
Bathing/shower
Face/hand washing & utensil washing
7. Choose the short cycle when using a dishwasher and make sure that the dishwasher is full. It saves 8-22 litres water then the regular cycle.
Clothes washing
9. urine and black water seperated toilet
12. waterless urinals: for 7000 uses without water consumption
Gardening:
14. careful choice for plants species: xeriscaping, native vegetation (-64% than 100% lawn)
collect rainwater to use on your lawn and garden.
0
50
100
150
200
250
250
300
200
150
100
50
Water Balance
300
Drinking 6 lpcd Cooking 5 lpcd
Gardening 5lpcd
Car washing 5 lpcd
65 lpcd
Leakage and losses in house 15% of domestic use 33 lpcd
Bathing 56 lpcd
Utensil washing 14 lpcd
Hand/face washing 15 lpcd
Clothes washing 9 lpcd
Toilet flush 72 lpcd
Floor washing 11 lpcd
Air conditioning 3lpcd
Community requirement
Fire protection 3 lpcd
302 lpcd
Reduce water consumption: technical & behaviourial approaches
Rainwater
harvest
domestic water consumption
potable use
greywater
cooling tower
Aquaponic garden
urine Hydroponic
garden
sendiment tank
+ living machine
blackwater
landscape/
open garden
ground water
water pond/
wadi/
vegetated swale
non-potable use
storm water managment
36% 16.2 lpcd
34 lpcd
45 lpcd
fertilizer
clean water
recharge
waste waterirrigating water
irrigating water
other sources with
high nutrient level
bathing/shower;
hand/face washing;
(cloth washing
utensil washing)
bathing/shower 29 lpcd hand/face washing 12 lpcd clothes washing 5 lpcd
Recycled greywater from domestic use 46 lpcd (85%)
roof runoff 26 lpcd plot ground runoff 7 lpcd
Stored rainwater in existing tankers 33 lpcd
Other sources 31 lpcd
Cooking 5 lpcdDrinking 8 lpcd
Gardening 3 lpcd
Bathing 35 lpcd
Utensil washing 14 lpcd
Hand/face washing 15 lpcd
Clothes washing 9 lpcd
Toilet flush 50 lpcd
Floor washing 6 lpcd Car washing 2 lpcd
Leakage and losses 5 lpcd
Public/Community requirement
47 lpcd
Fire protection 3 lpcd
195 lpcd
Other sources
( Yumuna River, Ganga River, Bhakra Storage )
Surface water 86% (remote sources)
Sub-surface water 14%
( Ranney Wells/Tube Wells)
private borewells, water tankers, bottled water
Delhi Jal Board 28%
217 lpcd
85 lpcd
( Yumuna River, Ganga River, Bhakra Storage )
Surface water 86% (remote sources)
Sub-surface water 14%
( Ranney Wells/Tube Wells)
Delhi Jal Board 28% 85 lpcd
Surface water + Ground water
Nature recharge from precipitation Artificial recharge
Water balance
Principles
working with all land-use and public space strategyWATERSUPPLYWATERCONSUMPTION
1
2
3
4
Dwarka 6.1 is part of the 6th step
of project DELHI 2050. In 6.1, at
the suggestion of the Delhi Devel-
opment Authority and the National
Capital Region, the team explores
the water issues in Dwarka. Ad-
dressing the water situation in
Dwarka is a crucial step before the
Delhi 2050 project can resume its
broader scope of the Dwarka test-
case, in step 7.
Dwarka is a sub-city of Delhi,
planned in the early ‘90s in order
to house the growing population of
the city. It is strategically located
close to the airport in South West
Delhi and is planned for a popula-
tion of more than a million (primari-
ly middle-class) inhabitants.
In spite of the rapid growth in the
rest of the Delhi metropolitan area,
development does not come off the
ground in Dwarka. This is caused
by the combination of specula-
tion with middle class housing,
and the severe water shortages.
Sizeable areas still stand vacant,
and apartment buildings are only
partly occupied. Water is key to a
future development of Dwarka. As
an essential building-block of any
future vision or scenario for Dwar-
ka, the water issue needs to be
addressed first.
3. PERMEABLE PAVE
GREEN ROOF
GREYWATER
GREYWATER
BLACKWATER
PERFORATE DRAINAGE PIPE
STORMWATER PLANTER
VERTICAL FLOW REEDBED
RUNOFF
RETENTION POND
After treatment, water is
transported to disposal area. It is
recharged to the groundwater or
stored in underground cisterns.
rainwater is filtrated through green
roof and transported to rainwater
cisterns.
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
STORAGE TANK
SUPPLY FOR NON-POTABLE USE
ROOT TREATMENT ZONE
PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
IMPERMEABLE MATERIAL
Excess water from perforate
drainage pipes infiltrates to
ground
STORAGE TANK
Greywater and treated blackwater
from neighborhoods is
transported to reedbeds RAINWATER CISTERN
SEPTIC TANK
Rainwater
Greenroof/facade
Retention pond
Swale/
Stromwater
planter
Water square
Underground
Cistern
Septic tank
Constructed
wetland
Subsurface
disposal field
Greywater
Primary
treatment
Secondary
treatment
Aquifer
Blackwater
setting of solids
laundry
hand washing
bath/shower
floor cleaning
toilet
irrigation
flotation of oils and greases
constructed wetland
runoff
stormwater control
precipitation
evapotranspiration
anaerobic breakdown of pollutants
non-potable water use
AQUIFER
recharge to groundwater
discharge to disposal field
infiltration
Increasing water-holding capacity, filtration and infiltration
detentionretention
treatment
infiltration
filtration
water circulation in wet landscape
water circulation in arid landscape
4. OVER
ALWERKEN
ANDER GEBRUIK
Buiten de stad worden vervoer-
middelen passend bij de aantallen
gebruikers. Er kan bijna gesteld
worden dat er meer aandacht naar
de regio uit moet gaan. De grote
steden redden zich wel, maar in de
regio wordt massatransport
omgezet in (bottom-up gestuurde)
maatproducten.
SPORT
PEDESTRIAN WAYAndere keuzes of fysieke ingre-
pen kunnen makkelijk geïmple-
menteerd worden. Als in een
buurt de CO2 niveaus te hoog
worden, wordt het verkeer via
andere routes gestuurd. As de
school uitgaat of winkels open
zijn wordt de straat tijdelijk
voetgangersgebied.
Bij de keuze van een woonomge-
ving speelt de verkeersomgeving
minder een rol aangezien alles (met
name door elektrisch gedreven
autonome voertuigen) steeds stiller
en veiliger wordt. De leefkwaliteit
van steden en doorgaande wegen
neemt daarmee toe. Er is meer
ruimte voor groen en voorzienin-
gen.
Autonome voertuigen maken het
mogelijk om de tijd in de auto te
gebruiken voor andere activiteiten,
zoals werk, maar eventueel ook
fitness. Voorzieningen kunnen dan
ook mobiel worden. De rechtbank
of het gezondheidscentrum komt
dan door de buurt in plaats van een
nieuwe vestiging te hebben.
Er is (net als nu in Helsinki gebeurd) een rol voor de overheid in
het aansturen op een koppeling van de verschillende mobilitei-
tssystemen. Daarin zullen ook keuzes moeten worden gemaakt
op basis van leefkwaliteit in steden (CO2 niveaus, geluidsover-
last, doorgaande routes), maar ook op de wensen van het
achterland (welke modaliteiten houden we nog in stand?).
ROL VAN DE OVERHEID
NLArchitects-Alb
ertHeijntrein
STADS
M
ANAGEMENT
SolarRoadway
s-digitalestraat
Nike
FootballSpain-Laserpitch
OVE
RALWONEN
BUITENDES
TADANDEREKEUZES
Auto’s zijn vaker onderweg, worden
gedeeld, of parkeren zichzelf op
afstand. Parkeerstroken verdwijnen
en de stoepen worden breder zodat
daar kiss & ride plekken en pick up
point georganiseerd kunnen
worden.
TERUGKEER VAN
DE VENTWEG
NAADLOZE
OVERSTAP
70
KISS &
RIDE
Op ieder moment stoppen bete-
kent een ander gebruik van de
bestaande infrastructuur. Feitelijk
ontstaat er een terugkeer van de
ventweg: verschillende snelheden
op één route.
PARKEREN IS
GEEN ISSUE MEER
CAPACITEIT
VERHOGEN
Doordat de capaciteit en efficiëntie
wordt verhoogt neemt het totale
aantal verkeer af. Mobiliteit neemt
minder ruimte in beslag waardoor
er meer ruimte is voor groen,
voorzieningen en verdichting.
DISTRIBUTIE
COMPLEXER
Er is nog veel te optimaliseren aan de
bezorging van goederen in de steden.
Grootschalige distributiecentra en
distriparks maken plaats voor peer-
to-peer distributiesystemen.
Er komen veel meer knooppunten
tussen de verschillende modalitei-
ten. Overstappen moet naadloos
kunnen, het wachten wordt tot een
minimum teruggebracht.
75%van de
ambtenaren in
Utrecht carpoolen
EXHIBITION ROAD
IN LONDON
THE LAST MILE
1/3
van de vracht-
wagens rijdt
leeg
KISS &
RIDE
30
In 2024,
is het openbaar vervoer in
Amsterdam 20% sneller
en kan meer passagiers
meenemen dankzij
digitale innovatie.
RUIMTELIJKE VERANDERINGEN
RKTL-HALO,Sm
arttransithub
MIT-Smartbusstop
Sharedspace-Dixon&
Jones-Exhibitionro
adLondon
Amazon-Dronedeliverypro
gram
FietsparkereninJapan
Even iemand oppikken of snel een boodschap
doen is overal mogelijk en legaal.
Bundeling alleen wanneer de vervoersstromen groot zijn
Het verschil tussen de stad en
het platteland wordt groter.
'Sociale netwerken' worden geïnstitutionaliseerde netwerken
waarin de mobiliteitsvraag en -aanbod gekoppeld wordt.
Een
systeem
SCHAAL
LOZEMOBILITEIT
VE
RSCHILTUSSENSTADENP
LATTELANDWORDTGROT
ER
GERICHTOPSTROMEN
I
N
PLAATVANSTILSTAND
95%van de dag staan auto’s geparkeerd.
Voertuigen en we
genwordenoptim
aal
benut.
SYSTEMISCHE VERSCHUIVINGEN
8.00h 11.00h
NOW
14.00h 17.00h
VOORSPELL
ENDEANALYSE
N
ETWERK
SEN
SOREN
AUTONO
MEVOERTUIGEN
TECHNOLOGISCHE ASPECTEN
schaal
stad
proces
GEBUNDELD
wordt
GEDISTRIBUEERD
from silos to meshing
domein
mobiliteit
logistiek
smart mobility
domein
overheid
diensten
smart government
modularize urban services
technologie
mobiel internet
real-time data
wearables
technologie
autonome
voertuigen
vliegende auto’s
technologie
internet of things
big data / datafication
sensoren / kwantificeren
NIEUW SMART CITY WIEL
GEBUNDELD
WORDT
GEDISTRIBUEERD
In het proces van Gebundeld wordt Gedistribueerd is het vooral belangrijk om te be-
grijpen dat via sensoren en het internet of things alles constant met elkaar in verbinding
staat en gemonitord kan worden. Er is toegang tot het Internet of Things en big data om
analyses en voorspellende algoritmen te ontwikkelen die de efficiëntie kan versnellen,
de productiviteit verhogen en de marginale kosten van de productie en distributie van
fysieke dingen, waaronder energie, producten en diensten, tot bijna nul verlagen, net
zoals we nu doen met informatie producten.
Dit proces heeft vooral een effect in het domein van mobiliteit waar het mogelijk wordt
om de capaciteit veel beter te benutten, zowel van de voertuigen zelf als van de la-
dingen ervan. Kleinere netwerken en sensoren worden gekoppeld aan grotere en
creëren één decentraal systeem. Autonome voertuigen maken het systeem vervolgens
stiller en veiliger.
The Netherlands
Smart city: what if...?
Freelance Assistant Urban Designer
One Architecture
2014,Amsterdam
SMART MOBILITY
Digital technology has a huge im-
pact on mobility, both in the modes
of transportation as well as in the
(use of) physical infrastructure.
Technology makes transportation
more efficient, freeing up space for
other uses. It aims to understand-
how to design and transform cities
such that future developments in
mobility can be phased in. While
designing for mobility, working with
prototypes and beta versions gives
the possibility to adjust a process in
real-time.
5. traffic system transit
city management
water management
Examining the significance and policies of Smart Cities using different ‘what if scenarios’
logistic
physical infrastructure
6. 4 5
Dommelbeemd, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
The regeneration of a postwar neighbourhood to a sustainable
urban cell
---- Dommelbeemd district in Eindhoven as case study
Urban Design and Planning
Master Graduation Project
Supervisors: dr. ir. Doevendans, C.H.
ir. Rutgers, R.A.
d.p.l.g. Rousseau, S.S.S.
7. 6 7
Heesterakker
Vaartbroek
Ecarkt
Luytelaer
MORPHOLOGY LOCATION
John.F.Kennedylaand
Sterrenlaan
cut ribbon
ring structure
ribbon structure
The issue of achieving neighborhood sustainability is linked to the neighborhood regeneration. The transformation aims to enable
the neighborhoods or districts to be more livable, sustainable and adaptable in the future. Four typical postwar neighborhoods in
Eindhoven are selected as one district named Dommelbeemd as a case study. This research will study the district’s limitations as
well as the potentials on the physical, environment, social, design and economic aspects. To achieve that, the main focus will be on
possible interventions from a sustainable point of view. Based on the thorough literature study and site analysis, a pack of strate-
gies and designs are developed for the district’s sustainable future.
The general goal for Dommelbeemd is achieving sustainability. This goal is achieved through several methods: 1. Local mobility is
largely based on public transportation and cycling. 2. Dommelbeemd becomes carbon neutral. 3. District input and output are mini-
mized. 4. Local economy is largely self-sufficient. 5. The residents enjoy a healthy and happy community life. For each method, a
pack of approaches are proposed which can always answer the questions: “What” “Why” “How” “When” and “Who”.
radial structure
neighborhoods
neighborhoods
+ countryside
landscape
New green system
*local based eco-cycles
*more environmental awareness from
residents
Input
Input
(food, water, energy, goods, clean air) consumption
reduce, reuse, recycle
(non-local produced food, water,
goods, air)
(local produced food, clean water,
energy, left waste, clean air)
(food, water, energy, waste)
(waste, wastewater, heat, CO2
)
Output
Output
Scenario: Eckart shopping centre
9. 10 1110 11
greenhouse field in Vaartbroek park
greenhouse field
close to Eckart com-
munity centre
greenhouse field
between the district
and countryside
transformation of backyard spaceGreen structure of Dommelbeemd
10. 12 13
Scenario A: Eckart shopping centre
transformation of supermarket squaretransformation of neighborhood road
transformation of collective parking lots
11. 22 23
Oss, North Brabant, The Netherlands
OSS_ GREEN SPINE
Urban planning and Design
Master Project (second stage)
Supervisors: dr.ir.Michiel Dehaene
ir.Reinder Rutgers
Individual work
Date April. 2011 ~Jun. 2011
12. 24 25
Introduction
The city of Oss locates in the northern part of North Brabant province and, as a provincial
city, it situated between two relatively larger cities Den Bosch and Nijmegen.
In the near future, the large company Organon and the city hospital will leave. The city
faces a role transformation. After being labeled as agriculture city, industry city and liva-
ble city, what is the new image for Oss in the new era? What potentials and city problems
does Oss have? What is the future of the city? Oss is facing a moment to rethink the role
and being well prepared for future.
The center of Oss represents its origin, core and identity. The city was formed and devel-
oped largely on the base of the center. It means significance to the city both in the past
and nowadays. After the city expands and the centrality moves, it is time to ask: what
does the centrality mean to Oss in nowadays? Does the historical core still represent the
center of Oss?
Catholic city
Functional city
Livable city
However, the current situation is not satisfy-
ing. Large scale buildings are scattering on
the green carpet and the back yard is occu-
pied by parking lots. The space in front of the
buildings is open and unattractive. Overall,
the culture center is not well functioned as
the planner first expected.
Analysis
Public space analysis
Catholic City
During the pre-war period, Oss can be
called ‘catholic city’ because the public
space is mainly related to the catholic
religion such as church and relating insti-
tutional buildings. At the same time, the
Molenstraat was quite important because
of public facilities and offices. A tension
was formed between north and south via
this street.
Functional City
After the amenity buildings moved to the
Molenstraat, the tension on the street was
strengthened.The railway was built up which
brought a large number of people to Oss.
They city expanded and centerality moves
towards south. At that time, people were
congregat ed in factory, historical center as
well as religious buildings.
Livable City
New type of public space and domain ap-
peared during the modern age since 1975.
In that time period, the car is dominative.
The centeral area was redesigned to be a
pedestrian area which surrouded by park-
ing lots. In that case, people are encouraged
to access the center by car. Until now, the
center is still like an island floating in the sea
of parking lots.
On the other hand, the amenties was relo-
cated to better service the people in south.
And it becomse a sub-center with culture
functions.
Morphological analysis
This part of analysis is focused on the morpho-
logical change due to the historical development
and planning of the city. The physical central
of Oss changed as a result of morphological
changes of the city. At first, Oss was formed
around a central triangular shaped square called
the ‘Heuvel’ and further developed along the rib-
bon structure.
Later a grid pattern was added on and ribbons
are cut off by new grid structure .As the city ex-
panded, gradually the center moved towards
south along Molenstraat and eventually stopped
by the railway track.
After the war, the city expanded more quickly,
a larger ring was constructed and the railway
runs from east to west, right through the city and
divides Oss into two parts. In 1974, a group of
amenity buildings were relocated along Raadhu-
islaan, paralleled to railway, in order to be better
accessed by all residents especially people liv-
ing in South. However this particular infrastruc-
ture pattern and city structure later lead to failure
of this public space.
study area
project area
Functional city
13. 30 31
Design
The concentration of public facilities and
wide spread green poses a unique and
ambitious gesture for future role. The
project attempts to create a new type of
park space. Different from a traditional park
concept, it is a multi-function and intensive
green space with public building and hous-
ing tower scattering inside. The landscape
is the tool to mediate the scale and arrange
the programs. After collecting, combining
and reallocating the existing open space,
new space and programs are designed ac-
cording to environment and urban needs.
Project Location
The area along the Raadhuislaan and rail-
way is a cluster of amenities established
since 1970s, containing public buildings
such as city hall, office of public health
service, library, theater, police office, cine-
ma, high school, church, swimming center,
etc. This area is one of the important pub-
lic space in last decades with high urban
potential. In the new plan, it is proposed to
be one of the most strategic area for future
development as a mediation between the
historical center and the expanded center.
Project plan
Legend
3-5 m
0-2m
2-3m
0m
sports field
water
large size tree
medium size tree
N
Bird view of green spine
0 50 150m
Project area
N
0 50 150m
14. 32 33
Accessiblity
The second task is to increase the accessibility of
the park. The park is open to public on north side
while on the south side, road is hidden behind
a housing block and the park entrance is miss-
ing. For that, one housing block is tore down and
the space is transformed into a green anchor in
south. Functionally, it belongs to the park but also
it serves as a community park for housing near-
by. To make up for the housing lost, four housing
tower along the railway are built in park environ-
ment. Meanwhile, two bicycle routes run through
the park which provide an alternative for cyclists
to experience the green and meet people rather
than being parallel with cars.
Gree tunnel & Slope
The first task is to connect the space on the two
sides of railway. A tunnel with height of 5 meters
is designed over the track. In general, the tunnel
is both a passing route for pedestrian and cyclist
and a place for stopping, recreation and relaxa-
tion. Seen from outside, the tunnel is not recog-
nized as a cover but an integrated part of the
park. The slope grows slightly and leads people
pass over the train tunnel. To make it feasible
and integrate the tunnel into the landscape, two
actions are taken. First, after the train goes into
the tunnel from west side, the track inside sinks
for 1 meters and it raise again when it comes
out. In that case the height of middle tunnel is
4 meters. Second action is creating a comfort
slope for cycling from the ground to 4 meters
high. The route for bicycle is designated. On
these routes, the slope begins more than 100
meters away from the top. Thus, it ensure the
angle of cycling route is no more than 4%. Then
the slopes have a natural look and merge into
the landscape well. The tunnel improves space
quality by removing the parking and railway
boundary. Moreover, the tunnel is designed not
only for train passing, but also a substation of
the old parking lots at the back side. Under the
slope at the height of 2-3 meters the space is
preserved for parking which cars can access
from the main road without going cross the park
area.
Section of cycling route
Old situation
Pespective on the tunnel
New situation
Legend
railway
main road
secondery road
bicycle route
walking route
ground parking lots
height change
underground parking
p
p
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0 50 150m
15. 34 35
Unban context
The third task is integrate the park into urban con-
text and establish smooth transition. The green
spine is connection with city on different scale.
The main connection between historical center
and south is established on city scale. On district
level, industry, housing, spine park and hosptital
area work in cohesion functionally and physically.
In the site, the network and tthe tension inside is
created as well.
The east side starting from Jan Cunnen park, con-
nects the new bus station and the street in front
of the train station. It provide a legible route for
people to access the park or to the center via Mo-
lenstraat. To the west, along the railway are public
allotment garden. They are well maintained and
gated. These gardens will be open to public and
as a part of green spine park, people can walk
inside and even buy products from the owner,
such as vegetables, flower, honey, etc. It is aim to
enrich the park function and complete the green
spine structure.
Pespective of cycling slope and park in south
Pespective of city square
Bird view form west side of the park
Legend
railway
city connection
district connection
sit connection
cultural program
city program
recreational program
garden program
educational program
City square
The space between the city hall and the office
of public health serviece is designed to be a city
square which is bounded by two diagonal line.
It aims to use the space maximally and also
provide open view for people on Raadhuislaan
which lead people in naturally. On the square
there are two triangle fountain of different size.
The steam water comes directly from the ground.
It will be big an attraction on large open field, also
it can a water mirror reflecting surroundings when
it does not work. The square will be one of the
most important public domain in the city on which
an annually city event or gathering can be held.
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0 50 150m
16. 36 37
Green structure
Considering the economic and function
reasons, the program ‘green spine’ is
composed by various types of green
which is owned and managed by differ-
ent shareholders. Diverse activies are
implemented into the green space as
well.
Municipality owned
Part of green is owned by municipality which
includes park, sports field, garden, etc. It aim
to serve for public and city events. Most of the
green space are flexible with function. For exam-
ple, the green anchor in south play several roles
as a park space. As a city park it it provides a
large piece of green for the city and the entrance
for spine park. To the residents living nearby, it is
a community park for daily use. For the students
in high shool, it is a nature playground.
Institution owned
The other part is owned by the institutions. It
is accessible by public while it can be used for
commercial purpose sometimes. For example,
the book fair, art exhibition, open air theater can
be organized by library or theater. It will be an
interesting part of city culture and social life. The
financial problem can be solved by charging tick-
ets or getting support from sponsors. Also the
facilities for high schools can be used by public
during weekends or holidays. In return, the city
garden can be used for educational purpose.
Public owned
The last type of green, as mentioned above is the
open allotment garden. Urban agriculture can be
an important for future Oss because Oss owns
an agriculture background and it provides a sus-
tainable developing strategy for future. This part
of allotment garden can one experimental project
implemented into the large park.
Conclusion &
Potentials for future
The role of the central area of Oss faced signifi-
cant changes during the city development. Today,
the notion of centrality is redefined again. In new
plan, Oss will expand the central area. In this
area, function units will become multi-functional
and with different layer of network, it will be an
integrated entity.
The new expanded center will later be the base
structure for further development. By integrating
the city, it will increase urban activities on eco-
nomic, social and ecological aspects.
Moving the parking lots away from the center
will release the traffic load in the center. On the
contrary, the new road system are dominated by
slow traffic. For social aspect, without limited area
of pedestrian and too much traffic, the street life
will be largely improve. People are encouraged to
come out of the house and enjoy public life. For
economical aspect, after rebuilding the tension
between historical center and railway area, some
roads such as the Molenstraat will become impor-
tant again on city scale. Better accessibility and
increasing number of visiting people will increase
the value of the land and flourish the business.
New developing opportunities and housing refur-
bishment or densification will be required inthe
center. When the tension reaches the south side,
new housing projects can be developed.
On the city scale, the park owns key place in future
city development. First, it acts as linkage between
north-south and eastwest. The spine connected
the fragment area and by improving the space
quality, it brings dynamic urban life back to center.
Moreover, this ambitious design will catalyze the
whole city development in the future. For exam-
ple, later the hospital will leave. Along the road
Doctor Saal van Zwanenbergsingel which runs
across the park, the empty plots can be devel-
oped. Also after the Organon leaves, this industry
area will look for a new role Whether occupied by
new industry, business offices or housing project,
those projects will definitly benefit from the green
and multifunctional environment.
17. 38 39
Oss, North Brabant, The Netherlands
PARK IN OSS
Landscape Design
Course Assignment
Individual work
Supervisors: dr.ir.Michiel Dehaene
Date Nov. 2010 ~ Jan. 2011
