This document discusses key concepts in software development including the system development life cycle (SDLC) and different types of development models. It covers basic concepts like hardware, software, data processing and storage. Types of development discussed include waterfall, prototype incremental, extreme programming and object-oriented models. The document also covers project management, user interfaces, programming languages and development standards.

1. Software Development
This section will make up 10% of the questions on the exam.

2. Basic Concepts
 Information system – a group of people, hard/software, or procedures that work together
to organize, filter, collect and store data.
 Computer hardware – can be physically seen or touched.
 Computer software – a program.
 Procedure-like program – a sequence of instructions to carry out a task.
 Processing data – turning data into information.
 Organizing data – can be done alphabetically, numerically or by groups.
 Filtering information – gets rid of repeated or unwanted information.
 Storing data – the process of saving it.
 Information technology – allows for the storage and computation of largeamounts of
information.

3.  Information development – the act of writing instructions or a
procedure that when followed will perform a specific task.
System development life cycle (SDLC)
1. Feasibility study
2. Requirement analysis
3. System design
4. System acquisition
5. System implementation
6. System testing
7. System installation
8. Training
9. System maintenance

4. Types of Development
 Model structure – divides a software into smaller sub units.
 Waterfall system development – uses the “top down” approach. (System requirement
analysis, system design, system implementation, system integration, system testing,
system installation, and system maintenance).
 Prototype Incremental Model – a small system is built, perfected and then added onto
until the whole system is done.
 Extreme programming – a group of individuals develops a system together. At each
stage all steps of the SDLC are used.
 Object-oriented system analysis – is used to design a system based on the relationship
between the objects in the system.
 Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) – models a system as a relationship
between objects.
 Object-oriented analysis (OOA) – looks at the functional requirements of a system
 Unified modeling language (UML)- describes a system in terms of its objects

5. Cont.
 Rapid Application Development (RAD) – creates a system one segment at a
time.
 Joint Application Development (JAD) – developers and the end users work
together at each stage until the system is developed.
 RAD Phases – (Requirement “prototype phase, design phase, implementation
phase, testing phase, development “turnover” phase, training the user, and
maintenance phase)
 System development tools – things that make other jobs easier.
 Computer aided software engineering (CASE) – a software that has tools
which make the SDLC easier.
 Project – a task with a beginning and end.
 Project management – an approach to initiate, plan, organize, manage staff
and complete the tasks needed to perform a project.
 Resources for a project – financial, people, real estate, machinery, services
and office supplies.

6. Cont.
 Once the project is completed the Project Manager’s duties are over.
3 Types of Project Manager Duties
1. Task needs- focused on the things needed to complete a project.
2. Team needs – focused on the teams objectives/plans.
3. Individual needs – focuses on each individual involved.
 Information processing cycle (IPOS) – input, process, output, store
3 Information Processing Methods
1. Batch processing – data is collected for a period of time and then processed at one time.
2. Real-time processing – data is processed as it is collected.
3. Transaction processing – used to track a business’ day-to-day activities.

7. Interface
 Interface – two people communicating using human language.
 Computer-user interface – allows people to use computers to communicate.
 User interface- allows people to communicate with the computer
Types of User Interfaces
 Mouse/use interface
 Command line interface
 GUI interface
 Hardware/software interface
 Hyperlinks in Web-Based applications
 Check/text boxes or command buttons

8. Cont.
 User interface design – an efficient UI allows for minimum input to receive a desired outcome. Not
every user will have the same amount of skill, so it should be created for the user with the least
amount of skill.
 Standards – allow for a process to be repeated with the same results.
 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) – sets standards for software.
 Programming languages – C, C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, JAVA, Ada, Visual Basic.net
 In order for data to be processed all programming languages must be converted into computer
languages.
 Multimedia – a combination of various data types.
 Data is stored as either – a readable file or a binary file (computer or human language)
 HTTP protocols – control how information pages are communicated between a client and host
computer.
 FTP protocols – control the uploading and downloading of files between two computers.

9. Cont.
Types of Development Standards
 Computer language
 Computer platform
 System management tools
 Process standards
 Documentation standards
 Quality standards