Essay On Water Supply System

Essay On Water Supply System
In a recent proposal the state of California has decided we need to take further action into protecting our water reliability. Officials are suggesting that
we should spend $20–50 billion into creating a two new tunnels known as the California WaterFix system from the Sacramento River to the Delta
pumping plants in the Southern Delta, with funding being allocated from both agricultural and urban users. Although there are some benefits from
creating a new water project, it would have far more negative externalities when it comes to economical, environmental, and corrupt agribusinesses. To
invest in a completely new water supply system is economically unreasonable. The total costs to build the tunnels could go over $20–50 billion,...show
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The California Waterfix proponents often mention that building the new tunnels will be safer and more reliable towards the fisheries and the ocean
outflows. However, the co–plan Bay Delta Conservation Plan is deceitful in its true intentions. By shifting the Sacramento River with the flow of fresh
water, it would lead to an even greater rise in sea levels along with climate change. By focusing our investments into restructuring the current Delta
levees with an increase in outflows and state of the art fish screens, it would preserve the endangered marine life. Also, there is an ongoing fear within
Southern California residents with the topic of earthquakes, finding comfort with the "reliability" of the new Waterfix systems. In the case of the
surrounding areas of the Delta, it's almost impossible for the system to be completely protected against water breaks. Investing in new tunnels won't
change anything in how our system will put up against a natural disaster. The main audience that benefits from building the new Waterfix system are
the agribusinesses and oil companies. In particular, the Kern County Water Agency, Metropolitan Water District, and the Westlands Water District are
big proponents in building the tunnels for their own personal gain, even though they already receive plenty of water from the Bay Delta. Instead of
paying directly for the regulation of the WaterFix tunnels, taxpayer money would subsidize water for private
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New Water Management System Essay
Table of Contents
DetailsPage No
Executive Summary 01
Introduction 02
Feasibility Report03
Segmentation, Targeting, and positioning (STP)04
Marketing Mix (4p's)05
Objective and issue sale forecasting06
Budget plan07
Promotional Budget for six month08
Conclusion 09
Executive Summary
Water irrigation and management system I use in this system new technology...show more content...
By using our system in 40% of water can be saved . The company operates through the use of our technology, in which wireless devices and sensors.
You will be charged a monthly basis compared to the square footage . Use your own distribution channel and not subcontracting. In the end it will
generate enough revenue to overcome the cost.
Introduction
The water irrigation system with new technology is introduced very low cost that meets all the requirements of modern irrigation system to facilitate
the entire segment of people require. In Pakistan, farmers using old irrigation system that most benefits are provided. And agriculture plays an
important role in our economy, but there is no improvement in the irrigation system used for many years and lead to waste water, and also have an
impact on crop growth. I am sure that this system was readily adopted by our customers and can purchase our services, because the system is
profitable. Instead of our old smart irrigation system should be favorable by customers and can easily afford. Our suppliers are those who buy the

sensors and the system network and wireless zig bee dusting.
Idea of the business
The system should be back in Pakistan. Because in the old irrigation system used Pakistan that result in the loss of high quality water. Water
Management System is a complete–effective, durable, and cost. Intelligent Irrigation and Water Management System, which allows producers,
vineyards, golf courses,

Components of Sustainable Water Resources Management п‚· Data Base Improvement п‚· Modelling Technology п‚· Sustainability Criteria п‚· Spatial
Analysis Procedure п‚· Decision Support Systems Data Base Improvement Availability of reliable data on hydro–climatic patterns, water demands,
spatial and temporal characteristics of surface water and sub–surface water bodies is essential for sustainable development of available water resources.
Demand management and adaptation are essential components for improving project flexibility to mitigate with changing environmental conditions.
Water use formulations should be based on the terrain data, available water resources, performance of existing water reservoirs and allied factors.
Modelling Technology Modelling helps in establishing scientific understanding abd to integrate the various components and processes involved in the
surface water and sub–surface water systems. Modelling helps in planning, design, management and operation of complex water resource systems. It
acts as a bridge for knowledge transfer between researchers and the policy makers as a basis for testing different scenarios and to integrate planning and
management strategies. Sustainability Criteria Sustainable water resources systems are those designed and managed to meet the present demand
without posing a threat to the future water availability, while maintaining the ecological, environmental and hydrological integrity. Conjunctive use of
surface water and sub–surface

Thesis Statement On Water Scarcity
Rough Draft
Thesis statement: The world is on its way for a water shortage. Water is considered as an essential for human existence. We all can survive without
food for some day but no one can live without water at least two days. Human body consists of 70% percent of water and our globe is covered by
69.9% percent of water. But unfortunately the useable fresh water is just 2.5% out of it. Water is a social good, water is an economic good, water has
ecological value and water has religious, moral and cultural value.
If there is magic on this planet, it is contained in water – Loren Eisely, The Immense Journey Water scarcity is a consequence of imbalances between
resource...show more content...
Economic relations and resource management, 2. Ideology and culture including the way people think about the environment and water rights,
3.political agents like the state, transnational actors and organizations involved in water disputes and trade 4.the transnational social movements which
endorse and resist water privatization, and 5.the power relations which engender unequal access to safe water (Bywater, 2008).
Till taught by pain, men really know not what good water's worth – Lord Byron, "Don Juan".
Reference List
п‚§Bywater, K. (2008). Globalization, privatization, and the crisis of sustainability: Examining the global water crisis. Conference Papers –– American
Sociological Association, 1.
п‚§Manzoor, K. P. (2011). The global water crisis: Issues and solutions. IUP Journal of Infrastructure, 9(2), 34
–43.
п‚§Solving the global water crisis moves beyond the technical feasibility stage.(2011). Trends Magazine, (104), 19–24.
п‚§Priscoli, J. D. & Wolf, A. T. (2009). Managing and Transforming Water Conflicts: USA: Cambridge University Press.
п‚§Hicks, J. Arii, K. Rothman, S. (2012). Taking sides: Selected articles for discussion. Singapore: McGraw–Hill companies

The Water Crisis and Solutions Essay
There is a global shortage of drinking water. A person might wonder how this can be if seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by water.
Most of the Earth's water is unsuitable for human consuption. Ocean water is salt water, which makes up 97.5% of all water on the planet. Freshwater
is only 3.5% of all the water on Earth. Drinking water is sourced from bodies of freshwater.
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and
Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is
not economically feasible to extract this waster...show more content...
Instead of increasing the supply of water to meet demand, a more viable method of addressing the water crisis is to manage consumption. The world
population continues to grow, and trying to increase the supply of water is risky at best and usually costs exorbitant amounts of money, making this
option available only to wealthy or economically developed countries. Therefore, controlling the use of water in municipalities or having a national
policy of water conservation would allow the world's supply of freshwater to better sustain itself through rainfall and other methods. Conserving water
also saves energy, and energy is needed to treat, transport, and heat freshwater.
For water–saving programs to succeed, however, several things must be in place. The water saving program implemented by the city of Zaragoza in
Spain highlights some basic actions required for such a program to succeed. Firstly, "rather than being a collection of fragmented, individual initiatives,
the setting up of the Zaragoza Water Commission allowed the effective coordination of consultation, implementation and evaluation of different
activities, with the aim of achieving a common goal." (Water demand management, 2010) Secondly, the goal of reducing water use by all types of
consumers requires the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders. Working closely with stakeholder representatives allows the identification of
realistic and acceptable water

Storm Water Pollution 1.Introduction Freshwater is a valuable resource that is required for people to survive. Only 1% of the freshwater on the
planet is available for human use (National Geographic, 2015). Therefore water is a precious resource however human actions such as farming and
pollution are degrading freshwater sources. This report seeks to find out how Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) contributes to Storm Water
pollution and other issues related to Storm Water. Firstly it will look at how urbanisation and the expansion of the university contribute to storm
water issues. Next it will analyse the role humans, and particularly students and staff of VUW play in the polluting storm water. Finally it will
examine ways in which VUW can make changes toward making sure the Storm Water in the Wellington region does not pollute streams and rivers
where storm water is discharged. 2.Problem: In Wellington there is a large supply of fresh water from lakes, rivers and aquifers which means fresh
water management is not an issue that is very prevalent in the public domain. The high availability of these water sources however is leading social
culture that takes freshwater for granted. In many cases it is not the amount of water or even how people use it that is the issue. The biggest problem
with Wellington Fresh Water Resources is the way in which it is degraded. As this report is focussing on VUW, which is situated in an urban area, it is
the impact of urban activity

Water Conservation Essay
One of the items people, animals, and our environment cannot live without is water. Water is extremely vital in the everyday life of everyone in the
world from everyday life of drinking, washing clothes, animals, grains, cleaning, and so many other uses that eliminating water would eliminate our
species as we all depend on the necessity of water. "The water footprint refers to the volumes of water consumption and pollution that are 'behind' your
daily consumption". (Network, 2010) If an average American uses approximately 80–100 gallons of water per day then an average American needs to
change their ways and contribute to a better water footprint. Water is critical for ecological systems and the health of humans. Animals or plants...show
more content...
Examples of products and water is that the "global average water footprint: 15500 liters of water per kg of beef" and the "global average water
footprint: 2400 liters of water for one hamburger!" (Network, 2010) Understanding the amount of water our world uses is imperative as there are many
consequences to follow globally.
The global consequences of using so much water are that globally we are in a water crisis. The demand for water is always a necessity and as population
increases the need for water increases. The lack of safe drinking water and sanitation varies from country to country. "More than one out of six
people lack access to safe drinking water, namely 1.1 billion people, and more than two out of six people lack adequate sanitation, namely 2.6
billion people. 2900 children die every day from water borne diseases". (Council, 2009) Not only is there a crisis with consumption of water for
people but also it is critical that humans reduce the amount of water they use for industrial and agricultural development in order not to effect the
aquatic ecosystems and their species. "Water covers almost 70 percent of the surface of the globe and is the Earth's most abundant resource. About 97
percent of the water is the oceans and is too salty for drinking, growing crops, and most other human resources". (Frederick, 2004)
Since globally there is a water crisis, it is important to conserve as much water as possible every day. Not only understanding how I

Essay On Integrated Water Management
New Changes Experts have generated many experiments in order to help the world establish a better living environment. In the online article,
Reducing sewer corrosion through integrated urban water management, it talks about how there is one way cities try to pick up wastewaters that is
through the sewer system, take all the dirty waste. These pipes are set up all around the city to transport this water quickly and effectively throughout
the city, this helps the city stay a bit cleaner and help physically by reducing health problems for the whole population. However, having all these
pipes around the cities is very expensive, but it is worth the money since it is keeping our cities clean. Sulfide is a type of concrete that the sewer...show
more content...
alone". With this said, they are showing us that it was a great improvement for all big cities, however now its causing them to lose more money than
making any profits. That is why they are trying to convince them to switch to sulfate–free coagulants. Meaning that expenses would be reduced as well
as the cost of corrosion and the damages it caused. Scientists are just trying to look for the best option to help with the clean drinking water process so
everything can work smoothly. All authors mention that, "There are three ways for sewages to have sulfate industrial or human waste discharge,
sulfate added as counter ions of aluminum, iron salts used as coagulants in water treatment," for water drinking production. The coagulants is what is
added to the water to make it clean and drinkable as well as it makes it safe to drink and not cause any diseases, most likely sulfate and chloride and
also referred as aluminum and iron are the salts used which make water very clean. In this research chemistry is being used because of the iron salts
and aluminum as well as sulfate and chloride these are the elements being used as well as ions, meaning chemistry is involved in the purification of
drinking water and when taking the water wastes. Some methods they did were tested in Queensland, Australia in a state where sulfate is also used as a

SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT AND FOOD SECURITY IN KENYA
Introduction
With increasing climate change, agriculture which is the backbone of Kenya's economy has been greatly affected signaling a period of drought in the
country. This means that the amount of food produced has decreased significantly over the years. Water and food are not only a basic need, but are
also centre–piece of sustainable development and a crucial part of poverty alleviation globally and thus any shortage in these triggers a deficit in
development. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations definesfood security as "when people have physical and economic access
to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and enable an active and healthy life". In Kenya annually millions of people are
exposed to food insecurity, especially in the Northern part of Kenya and the numbers are expected to increase in coming years. To prevent such a
situation, sustainable management of water and food to achieve security is vital in the country.
In 2011, the NDMA (National Drought Monitoring Authority) was established to coordinate structures for drought management, operate an efficient
drought early warning system (EWS), support drought–related policy formulation, coordinate the preparation of risk reduction plans, and undertake and
coordinate the implementation of risk reduction activities; all with a general aim of achieving food security. Food

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Water Management
Lack of enforcement This is another obstacle as enforcement of agreements is very important if one plans to make the programmes successful.
Inability in successful enforcement and implementation also weakens the credibility of governments and does not create any incentive for
compliance by the authorities or by the public in general. After years of dispute among the CAS, two agreements were signed in 1996 and 1997 with
an aim to arrive at equitable water sharing solution and to use the water flow of Syr Darya to produce energy. Absence of compliance and inefficient
enforcement is also a result of administrative problems in the institutions of these CAS. In all this implementation suffers. There is no supervisory
authority to keep a check on maladministration, no surprise inspections, no imposition of fines if implementation not done properly. No real power has
been provided to water bodies for monitoring. 164 Beatrice Mosello Given all the dispute related to water sharing we can sum up that this has been a
bone of contention among the CAS, thus prohibiting a concrete foundation for close...show more content...
Benefits from a well– structured institutional framework consisting of Heads of states, high level ministries, top officials, advisory bodies and
setting up of national offices will go a long way for negotiating solutions. Some form of a permanent water commission meeting at regular periods
will also be helpful as it will determine the best use of water flow in the international river basins. Production of electricity as well as use of water for
irrigation by the CAS can be shared through proper and equitable allocation of water which will be arrived through dialogue and discourse among the
CAS. Also environmental impact assessment can be done such commissions thus a comprehensive solution can be arrived at (Lindermann

Integrated Water Resources Management
There have been several interpretations as well as critisms with the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). For instance, Biswas
(2008) criticize that the concept cannot be implemented operationally. However, Mitchell B (2004) finds it to be greater at the normative (what ought
to be) and strategic (what can be) level which may result to the provision of different framework for different types of approaches.
Placht (2007) said that IWRM is a principle intended as guide in project planning. However, the widely used definition of IWRM is the one
formulated by Global Water Partnership (GWP) which defined IWRM as "a process that promotes the co–ordinated development and management of
water,...show more content...
Through IWRM concept, there is a way or process that can be followed in managing water resources, though not necessarily applicable to all countries,
and even still with some limitations and questions.
As a progress in water resource management, IWRM improves traditional approaches. In contrast to the traditional water resources management
approach, IWRM scopes and proceeds in an integrated manner versus sectoral/project focus scope. IWRM approaches problem solving taking into
consideration all related sectors as oppose to traditional that focuses on sectoral need and benefit. Conflicts are resolved not only within users but
within uses too. Finally, with broad participation of stakeholders as oppose to limited participation only.
In a nutshell, IWRM is a well conceptualized principle backed with well written definition, accepted and heavily promoted by funding agencies. With
this it attracts many doubts and criticism, in its every aspect. However, if IWRM is too beautiful yet too impossible to implement, what could be the
best or alternative water management approach that could work both for the present and the future? If IWRM has some gaps and comes with some
doubts, cannot it be

Essay on Water Treatment Process
Clean water supply is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy community. There are two sources of water supply which are the surface water
and ground water. Most natural waters are not suitable for consumption as it is contaminated by pathogens and also natural chemicals and minerals. In
addition, as a city grew, wastes from human activities contaminate most of the water supplies. Water treatment plays an important role to properly treat
a contaminated source of water supply in order to protect the health of consumers. Water treatment process is defined as a process of eliminating
pollutants from untreated water to produce a biologically and chemically risk–free water, which is both potable and palatable for human consumption
...show more content...
The second step of water treatment process is aeration. At the aerator, raw water is mixed with air. The aeration process helps to provide oxygen to
the raw water which is needed for the oxidation process of dissolved iron and manganese in order for it to precipitate and therefore enables its
removal through filtration (SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd., n.d.). Wormleaton and Tsang (2000) stated that for water treatment process and also natural
streams, it is essential to maintain a high amount of dissolved oxygen. Aeration also provides the escape of dissolved gases, such as carbon dioxide
and hydrogen sulphide to reduce the corrosiveness of water, thus controls the tastes and odors of the water (Shun, 2007). Groundwater with high
dissolved carbon dioxide levels or high concentrations of iron and manganese commonly require aeration as well as water drawn from reservoirs that
is low in dissolved oxygen.
Thirdly, the proceeding water treatment step involves coagulation and flocculation. The objective of this step is to produce particles of a size that can
be easily removed by settlement and filtration. Coagulation destabilizes the colloidal particles followed by flocculation whereby larger particles are
formed from small particles through collisions. Conley and Evers (as cited in Hendricks, 2006, p. 277) described coagulation as a process that reduces
the surface charge

Essay On Water Supply System

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