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Organ Transplantation
Organ Transplantation
The advent of the concept of organ transplantation came as an important breakthrough in the medical field, in the 20th century. Organ transplantation is
the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person's own body, to replace the recipient's damaged
or absent organ (Dhillon, Gagan.) Organ transplantation is also a major surgery that carries potential risks and drawbacks. Which is why others
disagree with organ transplantation. But this major operation has positive outcomes. Organ transplant has been hailed as one of the greatest
achievements of modern society by providing a way of giving the gift of life to patients with terminal failure of vital organs. There are however,...show
more content...
The donor has to believe that all life is sacred and that anyone who receives the "ultimate gift" of a donor organ will be grateful and be imbued with a
sense of gratitude and a desire to pay it forward. According to the American Transplant Foundation, organ recipients are selected based primarily on
medical need, location and compatibility. Although selections are based on who needs an organ immediately and compatibility, people are selfish and
still focus on the fact that they will not know who their organs are going to and the unknown keeps them from becoming an organ donor.
The primary issue that families have with organ transplantation is an emotional one. This procedure might have adverse psychological effects on the
family of the donor. In case of a deceased donor, the very thought of burying/cremating him/her without the vital organs can be extremely disturbing and
painful. It might further add to the family's grief. On the other hand, if the donor is still alive, the idea that he/she is living without one of the vital
organs can be very unpleasant and upsetting for the family (Dhillon,
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Argument For Organ Transplantation
One of the biggest issues in today's hospitals is the argument over the organ transplant industry. Now that transplant surgery has become easier and
more dependable in the past couple decades, rates of patients awaiting organs have been steadily increasing. Without enough supply, thousands of
patients a year on the official transplant registry will die waiting for their new organ(s). To economists Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, they see
this as just a simple "supply–and–demand gap with tragic consequences." Many others, however, would argue that it's a matter of lacking incentives in
the volunteer market or the decline in death rates with usable organs. When it comes down to solving the shortage of organ donations, there is one
public health proposal that sparks major debate with policymakers and economists alike. That proposal poses the controversial question, should the
organ transplant industry be transformed into a market in order to increase the supply of available organs? In several ways this would resolve the
issue, but there are a handful of variables that point towards why this policy should not be put into place. If organ transplantation were turned into a
market, there would be a massive influx in organ supply due to the new monetary incentive. Not to mention, organs would unfairly be more available
to the wealthy, as well as major possibilities for debates regarding morality to spark from the policy. As of today, the system for organ
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Organ Of A Organ Transplant
Organ Transplant How do you feel when you really want something, but you have to wait for it? Especially if it was the result of either life or
death. People all across America are in this situation. They need an organ transplant in order to live but they are put on a waiting list to see if they
qualify for an organ which may come in time before they are to sick, or it may not come in time which ends in death. Some of the points we will
discuss is what is an organ transplant, how can we determine the value of a human life, and reasons why certain individuals that we chose deserve an
organ transplant the most and which individuals don't. With this in mind, what exactly is an organ transplant? An organ transplant is an operation that
places a healthy organ from another person into your body. The organ can come from someone who died (a deceased donor) and who has signed their
states donor registry or told their family their wishes to become a donor. The organs that can be replaced are the kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, pancreas,
intestine, and thymus. There are no set age limits that exists for certain organ transplant. You can receive a transplant at any age, but most commonly
occurs with teenagers. Women are more prone to have complications, organ rejection, or even die from the organ transplant than men. In addition,
organ transplants are more common in females than males for the fact men's organs are two times stronger. This is the result of why most organ donors
are
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Organ Donation Essay
Today we are in great need of a solution to solve the problem of the shortage of human organs available for transplant. The website for Donate Life
America estimates that in the United States over 100 people per day are added to the current list of over 100,000 men, women, and children that are
waiting for life–saving transplants. Sadly enough, approximately 18 people a day on that list die just because they cannot outlive the wait for the organ
that they so desperately need to survive. James Burdick, director of the Division of Transplantation for the U.S. Department of Health & Human
Services confirms, "The need for organ transplants continues to grow and this demand continues to outpace the supply of transplantable organs". The
...show more content...
It was only a matter of time before a businessman in Virginia saw a way to profit from the success of transplantation. In 1983 H. Barry Jacobs
announced the opening of a new exchange through which competent adults could buy and sell organs. His failing was in his decision to use needy
immigrants as the source of the organs (Pence 36). As a result Congress, passed the National Organ Transplant Act (Public Law 98–507) in 1984, which
prohibited the sale of human organs and violators would be subjected to fines and imprisonment ("Donation Details").
Since that time donation has been the only way to increase the current supply of transplantable organs. Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of
organ donation due to misconceptions and lack of knowledge. In fact, organ transplant recipient Dr. Phil H. Berry, Jr. points out that there would
be less deaths of people waiting for transplants, "if Americans would overcome their reluctance to become organ donors" (29). Organ donation
whether it is upon your death or giving a part of a liver or one kidney while you are alive is a charitable gesture towards your fellow man and could
give meaning to the end of your life. The mere act of donating could bring more peace to your loved ones at the time of your death and as a result,
you could give
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Essay about Organ Transplantation
Organ transplantation is, without a hesitation, one of the most major achievements in modern medicine. In many cases, it is the only effective therapy
for end–stage organ failure and is broadly practiced around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 21,000 liver
transplants, 66,000 kidney transplants, and 6000 heart transplantation were performed globally in 2005.1 In addition, data showed that living kidney,
liver, and lung donations declined, going from 7,004 in 2004 to 6,219 in 2008 making it a challenge for patients who are in need of organ transplant1.
According to the WHO; an estimated 46,000 people in Egypt are in need of transplants, most of them liver and kidney transplants. Egypt's population of
...show more content...
Many physicians, Islamic scholars, and politicians have sustained that Islam has nothing to do with resistance to organ transplantation in Egypt. They
even cite as their evidence the fact that other Islamic countries have passed a law allowing national organ transplantation from brain–dead and living
donors. However, the resistance in Egypt must then be due to reasons other than Islam, namely the uncontrolled black market in body parts and reports
of organ theft that has tainted the public perception of organ transplantation. In addition, the reliance on living donors has created shortage of organs
due to small number of donors. Donors are often tackled with a major operation, and they pose a substantial health risk without any potential benefit. A
wide range of complications in donors after living–donor transplant has been reported in the medical literature. The incidence of complications ranges
from 0% to 67%, with an overall crude complication prevalence of 31%.3 Although, the demand for living–donor transplant is higher in Egypt than in
the United States and Europe, the ethical principles leading the act of living donation should be the same everywhere.4 Placing a healthy individual at
risk of death for a procedure that does not directly benefit the donor needs to be balanced by the autonomy of the donor. On the other hand, a large
proportion of those who
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Becoming An Organ Donor Essay
You are at the driver's license office and during your transaction, the examiner asks, 'Would you like to be an organ donor?' The first thought that
always come to mind is, are they going to try to save me or will I be left to die in order for the hospital to benefit off of my organs. Being an examiner
at a driver's license office, this scenario plays over and over again. We examiners, by law, have to ask each and every customer are they interested in
becoming an organ donor. Many customers cringe at the thought of becoming an organ donor. Others believe that as long as they agree to be an organ
donor, no attempt would be made to save their lives. What is an organ donor? Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue
from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the recipient). Many people become recipients for organ donation due to the fact
that their organs have either failed or become damaged by an illness or injury. Organs, as well as tissues, can be donated and people of all ages can
become donors. To be or not to be! There are many concerns surrounding organ donation. People today are very skeptical about becoming an organ
donor and this can be the reason why there are so few organ donors. To begin with, many persons are afraid to donate their organs because of the
circulating...show more content...
Many people believe the myths surrounding organ donation and that is one of the reasons why there are very few organ donors. I believe that with
the proper education of organ donation, many would become an organ donor. Furthermore, I disagree with the fact that researchers want to add a
price tag to kidney donations. It should be ones choice to want to become a kidney donor. I believe that adding incentives to kidney donors will only
cause chaos. I understand the fact that money can be saved if more people would donate a kidney but that shouldn't be the only
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Organ And Organ Of Organ Transplantation
Recognized as one of the most gripping medical advances of the century, organ transplantation provides a way of giving the gift of life to patients
with terminal failure of vital organs. Organ transplantation requires the participation of both fellow human beings and of society by donating organs
from deceased or living individuals. The ever increasing rate of organ failure and the inadequate supply of organs have created a significant gap
between organ supply and organ demand. This gap has resulted in extremely lengthy waiting times to receive an organ as well as an increased number
of deaths among those waiting for an organ. These events have raised many ethical, moral and societal issues regarding supply, the methods of organ
allocation and the use of living donors as volunteers including minors. It has also led to the practice of organ sale by entrepreneurs for financial gains
in some parts the world through exploitation of the poor, for the benefit of the wealthy. This paper presents valuable information regarding organ
transplantation while supporting the medical definition of the term "brain death" What is brain death? Physicians and other health care professional
have often accepted that a person is deceased when his or her brain is dead. Although the widespread use of mechanical ventilators and other advanced
critical care services have transformed the course of terminal neurologic disorders. Through the advancements in medicine and technology, vital signs
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Importance Of Organ Donation Essay
Farr 7
Farr 1
Alexis D. Farr
Professor Steve Ryno
English 121
28 November 2017 The Importance of Organ Donation While researching about organ donation, many articles brought forth the fact of how important
organ donation is. This topic, however, is a big controversy among many people, especially families. Several articles, magazines, and previous research
articles all share what organ donation really is and why it is important. By being a donor, you can save many lives in the end. My goal for this paper is
to bring forth the importance of organ donation. Reasons to why it is a great thing to be a part of, and what it does for us and others. Organ Donation
started way back in 1954 on December 23. The first living–related kidney...show more content...
This is a treatment used to lower blood antibody levels. The second test is the Tissue (HLA) Typing. It is mentioned in the article, Blood Test for
Transplant, that each person's tissues are different from everyone else's, except for identical twins. The better the HLA match, the better the success
rate of the transplant lasting a long period of time. For example, a parent and a child would have at least a 50% match rate and siblings would have
at least a 0 to 100% match due to genetics being passed down. The better the HLA match, the better the success an organ will last over time. Another
test is to measure antibodies to HLA. This test is repeated frequently and is dependent on the transplant program policy. The last major test is the
Cross–Match. This is tested between you and a donor multiple times before the surgery. This is when the donor's cells are mixed with your serum.
The result from this will show if your body went against the cells or went along with them. If the antibodies are high, this means the donor's cells will
be destroyed and the transplant cannot happen. Organ donations can be transplanted to individuals in need of a specific organ or tissue, due to an
accident, disease, or a condition that an individual may have encountered. Popular demands of organs variety from eyes, skin, liver, kidneys, heart,
pancreas, lungs, bones, arteries, and veins. Though a donor can be alive or dead, all organs
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Organ Transplants : An Organization
Lizetth Gonzalez Mrs. Forsythe English 7–8 1B January 20, 2015 Organ Transplants Despite the fact that more than a million have signed up to
become donors the number of donors is still nowhere near the number of people on waiting for transplants therefore, resulting in an average of
eighteen deaths every day due to the shortage. (Pros) Keep in mind the amount of lives saved or restored when a single organ donor can save up to
eight lives. In addition to saving lives and restoring broken lives, a donation can reduce medical expenses of patients because they no longer require
regular checkups or medication after a transplant. As well as helping patients, donating organs provides an opportunity to make a tragic occurrence into
a delightful...show more content...
(Pros) As can be seen in the figure below, many organs potentially qualify for transplants providing the opportunity of saving more than one life from a
single donation if all organs qualify for transplants. (Pros) The graph above represents the number of transplants performed each year for every organ
provided. In 2008, over fifteen thousand kidneys and two thousands hearts provided new life through transplantation and given to patients in need.
Thousands of transplants take place each year; however, the amount of patients on waiting lists continues to grow with forty–five percent of certain
people remaining on transplant waiting lists. (Pros) The amount of people that require transplants becomes bigger every day. In 2009, the number
of patients on waiting lists was over one hundred thousand while the number of donors remained under twenty thousand. (Pros) Everyday donors
become a greater necessity in order to help others' lives get better. However, when a person becomes a donor families may develop issues with the
process that takes place before a donor becomes a qualified donor. For example, some families do not appreciate having their family member on life
support while organs are removed; however, potential donors are first tested and organ removal does not begin until they are declared brain dead.
Some organs require transplantation in a matter of hours after removal for the sake of the recipient's health and the functioning of
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Argumentative Essay On Organ Donation
Organ Donating Every thirty minutes someone gets added to the waiting list for an organ transplant ('Frequently Asked Questions"). Not only
that, but the number of patients being added to the waiting list is growing larger than the number of donors ("Organ Donation Statistics"). Many
people are in the need of some kind of organ donation, so anyone who donates can help to save many lives. Organ donation is also such a great way
to give back to people. Another thing is that to donate an organ a person does not have to pay money ("Organ Donation FAQ's"). The only part that
costs money is for the funeral if they are a deceased donor ("Organ Donation FAQ's"). Anyone who wants to donate, is allowed ("Frequently Asked
Question's"). However, "Your medical condition at the time of death will determine what organs and tissues can be donated for the transplant or
scientific research" ("Frequently Asked Questions"). That also means that someone can not be too young, or too old to be a deceased organ
donor, or a living donor ("Who Can Donate"). A deceased donor is when someone passes away and then they donate their organs. A living donor is
when someone donates their organs while they are still alive, and they only date one of their organs if they have a pair and still live with one, like
one liver. Another reason is that most, if not all religions support organ donation so it does not matter what religion they are ("Who Can Donate").
When contemplating to donate, many different organs can be donated. These are only some of the possible organs that can be donated. A heart
valve, intestines, bones, and tendons ("What Organs Can Be"). Some other organs are the kidneys, heart, lungs, liver, small bowel, and the pancreas
("Frequently Asked Questions"). And finally bone marrow, and connective tissues can be donated ("Organ Donation and Transplantation"). When a
person is living and they want to donate, they can donate one kidney, one lung, a portion of their liver, a pancreas, and part of their intestine ("What
Can be Donated"). When someone passes away and is a deceased donor, they can donate every thing listed above, and not just a portion of one
("What Can Be Donated"). Here are some of the few reasons to consider
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Becoming An Organ Transplant
Organ transplants affects the lives of over 100,000 Americans. The idea of organ transplant started over 50 years ago when doctors discovered that they
could transplant an organ from one individual to another. As medical technology advanced it was found that organ transplants were safe. Unfortunately
the only way to cure many organ failures is to replace the organ itself. The process can save several lives but it is the shortage of transplantable organs.
The first step in becoming an organ donor is when an individual agrees to release their organs after death. Emergency personnel can recognize this by a
certification on a driver's license or a 'dog tag.' There are many reasons why someone would choose to become an organ donor; religion and
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Organ Transplantation Essay
Introduction
Organ transplantation is a medical act which involves the surgical operating by transferring or removing of an organ from one person to the other, or
placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment
of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage.
Lately, there is an emerging innovation whereby organs are created to form and increase in size by a process of inorganic accretion, from the patient's
cell. This field of medicine is known as the regenerative medicine. In addition to this, there are basically various types of regenerative medical...show
more content...
In spite of this, felon's organ transplantation is an issue consisting of interconnected parts and controversial, other than the issue of the felons or
prisoners donation of organs.
While, the issue of the incarcerated population having the privilege of this scarce medical resources is extensively and generally approved or
compelling recognition within the correctional health profession and there is a case–law supporting the matter of concern, that the statues of a person
as an inmate must not preclude such person as a patient from receiving adequate care in respect to serious health needs, regardless of the cost of such
treatment. They also have all the social and moral values since the law does not exempt them from citizenship (Puisis, 2006, p.23).
Therefore, the provision of organ transplant is not restricted to inmates. Generally, societies have, under the best of conditions, a middling track record
when it comes to evaluating the value of the incarcerated population. In relation to this is that the society believes that since the incarcerated population
has taken so much from the society through their act which is
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Organ Transplantation : Medical Advancements
Danica Smith
Final Paper Outline
Organ Transplantation
Due to the increase in medical technology over the years, medical advancements, such as organ transplants, have grown in commonality. This has
increased the number of patient who needs such care. The problem with organ transplants arises from the debate on the ethical way to distribute
organs and how to combat the issue of a lack of organ donors. An ethical approach to solving these issues is to develop a system of equal access that
relies on maximizing benefits as well as respecting the rights of personal property through better patient–physician conversations when trying to
increase organ donors.
Process of transplantation: "patient is identified as ill and organ failing, doctor assesses if eligible for transplant" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation,
2004, p. 6). "If so, doctor refers patient to local transplant center to be placed on the list" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "The
transplant center evaluates the patient's health and mental status as well as the level of social support to see if the person is a viable candidate"
(Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "Organs can come from recently deceased people, cadavers, or living persons" (Ethics of Organ
Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "The waiting list for donors is maintained by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)" (Ethics of Organ
Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). Now that I've set the basic principle for what an organ transplant
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Organ Transplant Disadvantages
Organ transplants
Definition:
Organ Transplantation is a surgery that transfers an organ from one body to another and it is often the last and only way for puzzle out an organ
failure, Such as lung failure and heart failure. It is often very expensive.
Background Information:
The history of organ transplant has a complex background. The first ever organ transplant happened in 1954 where a kidney transplants occurred. The
donor of the kidney was an identical twin. Since they are identical there were no immune rejections of the kidney. The person who performed this
transplant was named Dr. Joseph Murray won a Nobel Prize for his success. The first ever heart transplant was performed in 1985 in Poland, Zaigniew
Religa, the doctor who performed...show more content...
A single lung transplant could cost a grand total of five hundred thousand USD. And among all the types of organs they transplant, transplanting
Intestine costs the most, about 1.2 million USD, Which is very expensive. Not only it is expensive, it is hard to even get a hold of the organ, most
people who have a kidney failure often get the required organ from their love ones (if no rejection occurs) since it is expensive. Other than that
people need to wait for the organs. Averages of 10 people die a day waiting for organs to be delivered. Because of that, many people often trade
organs illegally for the money. Organ trade is the trade involving inner organs like heart liver and kidney. Places that are illegal for trading organs are
Angola, Balkan Region, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Eastern Europe, India, United States of America, United Kingdom and Russia.
Another Disadvantage of Organ Transplant is: it increase the infection of other diseases, Organ Transplantation cures the diseases the client has, but in
the future the chances of getting infection due to the immunosuppressant drugs( this drug is also very expensive) that they will needed for the rest of
their
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First Organ Transplant Research Paper
Why was the first organ transplant so important in history? This question can vary by the person, some people might say because it improved the
medical field, others might say it not only helped the medical field but it also helped individuals improve with knowledge. Who was involved in the
first organ transplant? The first organ transplant was in 1954: On December 23, the first successful kidney transplant led by Dr. Joseph Murray and
Dr. David Hume at Brigham Hospital in Boston. A kidney was transplanted from Ronald Herrick into his identical twin, Richard. (Blue foundation
media) Ronald risked his life for his brother knowing there could be a bad outcome. Other people might see this as not only him risking his life but
overcoming adversity. Joseph Murray performed the first successful organ transplant. He performed this medical procedure in Boston,...show more
content...
The doctors were now able to explore the body in a new way. They could do more tests and develop new techniques.
To be able to qualify for an organ transplant, you have to be in good physical health, free from high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, HIV, hepatitis, or
organ–specific diseases, and at least 18 years old. You also must be willing to donate, be well informed on what is happening the risks, benefits, and
possible outcomes. You must have good support meaning others should support your decision, and No alcohol or substance abuse. You must contain
all of these to even be considered to give an organ. (united network of organs)
In the operating room there are approximately 12 people over the 12 hour operation. The doctors use tools like needles, scalpel, forceps, Clamps,
Retractors, Distractors, those are all tools that you will find in the operating room when performing this specific
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The Need Of Organ Transplants Essay
The overwhelming need of organ transplants are increasing daily. There are many causes for such a high demand in the organ crisis, one of them
being diabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of organ transplants, primarily kidneys. The waiting lists for donated organs are so incredibly
long, that often, people wait for up to three years for an organ to become available. In the United Sta`tes alone, there is an average of seventeen
patients per day that die while awaiting an organ transplant. (Journal of Medical Ethics) The United States is not the only nation plagued with such
long waiting lists. The problem of having a shortage of organs needed for transplants has taken its toll throughout the entire world. This global
issue is in need of a solution. How do we reduce the numbers of patients awaiting organ transplants? Also, at what cost are people willing to pay
for an organ that is so desperately needed? Kidney transplants are the fastest growing surgical procedure that the world is in need of today.
Throughout the globe, there are an estimated 2.8 million people that are currently in need of a kidney. Patients in need of kidney transplants are
often placed on dialysis (a long term prevention for kidney failure). The sufferable acts of dialysis alone, can lead people to do irrational things. In
their desperation, they often try to find ways to help prolong the life expectancy of their loved ones on dialysis. The problem lies in the amount of
surgeries
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Organ Transplant Essay
Organ Transplant
What is organ transplantation?
Organ transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a failed organ with a healthy organ donated by another individual. Organ
transplantation is often reserved as a last resort therapeutic option in certain individuals with end–stage organ disease. It is generally an option in
individuals that have a life expectancy of 10 or more years. Patients frequently have to undergo a series of laboratory tests including screening for
infectious diseases (eg, HIV, CMV, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis) and other conditions prior to being considered a transplant candidate. Individuals
are also normally tested for illicit drug use and screened for coexisting psychological disorders...show more content...
Patients with end–stage kidney disease are also often bridged to kidney transplantation. They typically receive placement of a hemodialysis catheter or
arteriovenous fistula in order to undergo dialysis three times per week. Dialysis machines act like the kidneys by filtering blood and balancing fluid and
electrolyte levels.
Patients receiving lung transplantation often have respiratory failure and require continuous oxygen therapy. Occasionally, these individuals need
assisted ventilation with a breathing machine (mechanical ventilation). Individuals with cirrhosis and end–stage liver disease are normally managed
with medications to treat symptoms and complications of liver disease. They frequently receive therapeutic paracentesis and occasionally require a
TIPS procedure prior to liver transplantation. Those with fulminant liver failure typically require urgent liver transplantation.
What laboratory tests are ordered in transplant recipients?
Commonly ordered blood tests in transplant recipients typically include a CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel), CBC (complete blood cell count),
and thyroid function studies (TSH, free T4). A urine analysis, pregnancy test (in women of reproductive age), and urine drug screen are also normally
obtained. Urine is also normally sent for bacterial culture. Your doctor may order blood tests evaluating for exposure to certain viruses such as human
immunodeficiency
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How To Write An Organ Transplant Essay
Organ Transplant Essay
Every 10 minutes, someone is added to the national transplant waiting list and on average, 21 people die each day while waiting for a transplant.
("transplant.hrsa.gov")
Before an organ is allocated, all transplant candidates on the waiting list that are incompatible with the donor because of blood type, height, weight and
other medical factors are automatically screened from any potential matches. Then, the computer application determines the order that the other
candidates will receive offers. According to information from the Organ procurement and transplantation network, Specific criteria must be met in
order to find the best match. First is location, Hearts and lungs have less time to be transplanted, so the distance to the donor hospital is always
considered first when allocating those organs. Second is the size of the organ. Proper organ size is critical to a successful transplant, which means that
children often respond better to child–sized organs. Although pediatric candidates have their own unique scoring system, children essentially are first
in line for other children's organs. For each organ that becomes available, the computer program generates a list of potential recipients ranked according
to...show more content...
There are three types of rejection can occur after receiving an organ transplant: Hyperacute rejection occurs as soon as the donated organ is
transplanted. This rarely occurs because transplant doctors make sure to match blood types and check if you have antibodies against the donated
organ. Acute rejection occurs at least a few days after the transplant surgery when the body has had time to identify a foreign invader. Chronic rejection
is a very gradual type of graft injury that can occur over months or even years after transplantation. ("National Kidney Foundation") A rejection episode
may be reversed if caught
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commercialization of organ transplants Essay
COMMERCIALIZATION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS
Student: Patrick Frost
Instructor: Professor Edwin Martinez del Rio
Business Ethics 309
October 21, 2013
Strayer University
COMMERCIALIZATION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS
Arguments in favor of organ commercialization
Commercialization of human organs from consenting adults will lead to an increase in the supply of organs needed for transplants (Kanniyakonil,
2005). The major challenge in hospitals is the lack of organs needed for transplantation to the increasing number of patients. Currently, organs are only
accepted from victims of altruism suicide and this does not cover the medical needs throughout the world. Thus, by commercializing organs for
transplants, the number of organ will...show more content...
Commercialization of organs will also lead to degradation in the medical ethics. Patients who are incapable financially may not be given the same
medical care quality as people with money. Medical incompatibility is another reason why commercialization of human organs is not advisable.
Family members are advised to donate due to enhanced chance of molecular compatibility. However, if organs are sold over the counter unknowing
public may buy the organs without the knowledge of the required medical compatibility. Thus, their loved ones may develop serious medical
complications or even die as a result of the transplant.
My position on the debate
My position on the debate of commercialization of organ transplants is that it should not be allowed. This, however, does not mean that people are not
participating in the practice. Commercialization of organ transplant is a lucrative business. However, this is morally wrong and is against human
ethics. This is due to the fact that commercialization of human organs even if it results in saving lives has a bigger negative impact on the society and
on the individual. The major moral problem is that people donating will be under the obligation of benefiting. Like is said earlier, in places where
organ commercialization is being practice, the business is very lucrative. The need to benefit from the organ donations violates the ethics that are
aligned with human
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Organ Transplantation: Argument for Increasing Donations

  • 1. Organ Transplantation Organ Transplantation The advent of the concept of organ transplantation came as an important breakthrough in the medical field, in the 20th century. Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person's own body, to replace the recipient's damaged or absent organ (Dhillon, Gagan.) Organ transplantation is also a major surgery that carries potential risks and drawbacks. Which is why others disagree with organ transplantation. But this major operation has positive outcomes. Organ transplant has been hailed as one of the greatest achievements of modern society by providing a way of giving the gift of life to patients with terminal failure of vital organs. There are however,...show more content... The donor has to believe that all life is sacred and that anyone who receives the "ultimate gift" of a donor organ will be grateful and be imbued with a sense of gratitude and a desire to pay it forward. According to the American Transplant Foundation, organ recipients are selected based primarily on medical need, location and compatibility. Although selections are based on who needs an organ immediately and compatibility, people are selfish and still focus on the fact that they will not know who their organs are going to and the unknown keeps them from becoming an organ donor. The primary issue that families have with organ transplantation is an emotional one. This procedure might have adverse psychological effects on the family of the donor. In case of a deceased donor, the very thought of burying/cremating him/her without the vital organs can be extremely disturbing and painful. It might further add to the family's grief. On the other hand, if the donor is still alive, the idea that he/she is living without one of the vital organs can be very unpleasant and upsetting for the family (Dhillon, Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Argument For Organ Transplantation One of the biggest issues in today's hospitals is the argument over the organ transplant industry. Now that transplant surgery has become easier and more dependable in the past couple decades, rates of patients awaiting organs have been steadily increasing. Without enough supply, thousands of patients a year on the official transplant registry will die waiting for their new organ(s). To economists Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, they see this as just a simple "supply–and–demand gap with tragic consequences." Many others, however, would argue that it's a matter of lacking incentives in the volunteer market or the decline in death rates with usable organs. When it comes down to solving the shortage of organ donations, there is one public health proposal that sparks major debate with policymakers and economists alike. That proposal poses the controversial question, should the organ transplant industry be transformed into a market in order to increase the supply of available organs? In several ways this would resolve the issue, but there are a handful of variables that point towards why this policy should not be put into place. If organ transplantation were turned into a market, there would be a massive influx in organ supply due to the new monetary incentive. Not to mention, organs would unfairly be more available to the wealthy, as well as major possibilities for debates regarding morality to spark from the policy. As of today, the system for organ Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Organ Of A Organ Transplant Organ Transplant How do you feel when you really want something, but you have to wait for it? Especially if it was the result of either life or death. People all across America are in this situation. They need an organ transplant in order to live but they are put on a waiting list to see if they qualify for an organ which may come in time before they are to sick, or it may not come in time which ends in death. Some of the points we will discuss is what is an organ transplant, how can we determine the value of a human life, and reasons why certain individuals that we chose deserve an organ transplant the most and which individuals don't. With this in mind, what exactly is an organ transplant? An organ transplant is an operation that places a healthy organ from another person into your body. The organ can come from someone who died (a deceased donor) and who has signed their states donor registry or told their family their wishes to become a donor. The organs that can be replaced are the kidneys, heart, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. There are no set age limits that exists for certain organ transplant. You can receive a transplant at any age, but most commonly occurs with teenagers. Women are more prone to have complications, organ rejection, or even die from the organ transplant than men. In addition, organ transplants are more common in females than males for the fact men's organs are two times stronger. This is the result of why most organ donors are Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Organ Donation Essay Today we are in great need of a solution to solve the problem of the shortage of human organs available for transplant. The website for Donate Life America estimates that in the United States over 100 people per day are added to the current list of over 100,000 men, women, and children that are waiting for life–saving transplants. Sadly enough, approximately 18 people a day on that list die just because they cannot outlive the wait for the organ that they so desperately need to survive. James Burdick, director of the Division of Transplantation for the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services confirms, "The need for organ transplants continues to grow and this demand continues to outpace the supply of transplantable organs". The ...show more content... It was only a matter of time before a businessman in Virginia saw a way to profit from the success of transplantation. In 1983 H. Barry Jacobs announced the opening of a new exchange through which competent adults could buy and sell organs. His failing was in his decision to use needy immigrants as the source of the organs (Pence 36). As a result Congress, passed the National Organ Transplant Act (Public Law 98–507) in 1984, which prohibited the sale of human organs and violators would be subjected to fines and imprisonment ("Donation Details"). Since that time donation has been the only way to increase the current supply of transplantable organs. Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of organ donation due to misconceptions and lack of knowledge. In fact, organ transplant recipient Dr. Phil H. Berry, Jr. points out that there would be less deaths of people waiting for transplants, "if Americans would overcome their reluctance to become organ donors" (29). Organ donation whether it is upon your death or giving a part of a liver or one kidney while you are alive is a charitable gesture towards your fellow man and could give meaning to the end of your life. The mere act of donating could bring more peace to your loved ones at the time of your death and as a result, you could give Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Essay about Organ Transplantation Organ transplantation is, without a hesitation, one of the most major achievements in modern medicine. In many cases, it is the only effective therapy for end–stage organ failure and is broadly practiced around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 21,000 liver transplants, 66,000 kidney transplants, and 6000 heart transplantation were performed globally in 2005.1 In addition, data showed that living kidney, liver, and lung donations declined, going from 7,004 in 2004 to 6,219 in 2008 making it a challenge for patients who are in need of organ transplant1. According to the WHO; an estimated 46,000 people in Egypt are in need of transplants, most of them liver and kidney transplants. Egypt's population of ...show more content... Many physicians, Islamic scholars, and politicians have sustained that Islam has nothing to do with resistance to organ transplantation in Egypt. They even cite as their evidence the fact that other Islamic countries have passed a law allowing national organ transplantation from brain–dead and living donors. However, the resistance in Egypt must then be due to reasons other than Islam, namely the uncontrolled black market in body parts and reports of organ theft that has tainted the public perception of organ transplantation. In addition, the reliance on living donors has created shortage of organs due to small number of donors. Donors are often tackled with a major operation, and they pose a substantial health risk without any potential benefit. A wide range of complications in donors after living–donor transplant has been reported in the medical literature. The incidence of complications ranges from 0% to 67%, with an overall crude complication prevalence of 31%.3 Although, the demand for living–donor transplant is higher in Egypt than in the United States and Europe, the ethical principles leading the act of living donation should be the same everywhere.4 Placing a healthy individual at risk of death for a procedure that does not directly benefit the donor needs to be balanced by the autonomy of the donor. On the other hand, a large proportion of those who Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Becoming An Organ Donor Essay You are at the driver's license office and during your transaction, the examiner asks, 'Would you like to be an organ donor?' The first thought that always come to mind is, are they going to try to save me or will I be left to die in order for the hospital to benefit off of my organs. Being an examiner at a driver's license office, this scenario plays over and over again. We examiners, by law, have to ask each and every customer are they interested in becoming an organ donor. Many customers cringe at the thought of becoming an organ donor. Others believe that as long as they agree to be an organ donor, no attempt would be made to save their lives. What is an organ donor? Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the recipient). Many people become recipients for organ donation due to the fact that their organs have either failed or become damaged by an illness or injury. Organs, as well as tissues, can be donated and people of all ages can become donors. To be or not to be! There are many concerns surrounding organ donation. People today are very skeptical about becoming an organ donor and this can be the reason why there are so few organ donors. To begin with, many persons are afraid to donate their organs because of the circulating...show more content... Many people believe the myths surrounding organ donation and that is one of the reasons why there are very few organ donors. I believe that with the proper education of organ donation, many would become an organ donor. Furthermore, I disagree with the fact that researchers want to add a price tag to kidney donations. It should be ones choice to want to become a kidney donor. I believe that adding incentives to kidney donors will only cause chaos. I understand the fact that money can be saved if more people would donate a kidney but that shouldn't be the only Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. Organ And Organ Of Organ Transplantation Recognized as one of the most gripping medical advances of the century, organ transplantation provides a way of giving the gift of life to patients with terminal failure of vital organs. Organ transplantation requires the participation of both fellow human beings and of society by donating organs from deceased or living individuals. The ever increasing rate of organ failure and the inadequate supply of organs have created a significant gap between organ supply and organ demand. This gap has resulted in extremely lengthy waiting times to receive an organ as well as an increased number of deaths among those waiting for an organ. These events have raised many ethical, moral and societal issues regarding supply, the methods of organ allocation and the use of living donors as volunteers including minors. It has also led to the practice of organ sale by entrepreneurs for financial gains in some parts the world through exploitation of the poor, for the benefit of the wealthy. This paper presents valuable information regarding organ transplantation while supporting the medical definition of the term "brain death" What is brain death? Physicians and other health care professional have often accepted that a person is deceased when his or her brain is dead. Although the widespread use of mechanical ventilators and other advanced critical care services have transformed the course of terminal neurologic disorders. Through the advancements in medicine and technology, vital signs Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Importance Of Organ Donation Essay Farr 7 Farr 1 Alexis D. Farr Professor Steve Ryno English 121 28 November 2017 The Importance of Organ Donation While researching about organ donation, many articles brought forth the fact of how important organ donation is. This topic, however, is a big controversy among many people, especially families. Several articles, magazines, and previous research articles all share what organ donation really is and why it is important. By being a donor, you can save many lives in the end. My goal for this paper is to bring forth the importance of organ donation. Reasons to why it is a great thing to be a part of, and what it does for us and others. Organ Donation started way back in 1954 on December 23. The first living–related kidney...show more content... This is a treatment used to lower blood antibody levels. The second test is the Tissue (HLA) Typing. It is mentioned in the article, Blood Test for Transplant, that each person's tissues are different from everyone else's, except for identical twins. The better the HLA match, the better the success rate of the transplant lasting a long period of time. For example, a parent and a child would have at least a 50% match rate and siblings would have at least a 0 to 100% match due to genetics being passed down. The better the HLA match, the better the success an organ will last over time. Another test is to measure antibodies to HLA. This test is repeated frequently and is dependent on the transplant program policy. The last major test is the Cross–Match. This is tested between you and a donor multiple times before the surgery. This is when the donor's cells are mixed with your serum. The result from this will show if your body went against the cells or went along with them. If the antibodies are high, this means the donor's cells will be destroyed and the transplant cannot happen. Organ donations can be transplanted to individuals in need of a specific organ or tissue, due to an accident, disease, or a condition that an individual may have encountered. Popular demands of organs variety from eyes, skin, liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, lungs, bones, arteries, and veins. Though a donor can be alive or dead, all organs Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Organ Transplants : An Organization Lizetth Gonzalez Mrs. Forsythe English 7–8 1B January 20, 2015 Organ Transplants Despite the fact that more than a million have signed up to become donors the number of donors is still nowhere near the number of people on waiting for transplants therefore, resulting in an average of eighteen deaths every day due to the shortage. (Pros) Keep in mind the amount of lives saved or restored when a single organ donor can save up to eight lives. In addition to saving lives and restoring broken lives, a donation can reduce medical expenses of patients because they no longer require regular checkups or medication after a transplant. As well as helping patients, donating organs provides an opportunity to make a tragic occurrence into a delightful...show more content... (Pros) As can be seen in the figure below, many organs potentially qualify for transplants providing the opportunity of saving more than one life from a single donation if all organs qualify for transplants. (Pros) The graph above represents the number of transplants performed each year for every organ provided. In 2008, over fifteen thousand kidneys and two thousands hearts provided new life through transplantation and given to patients in need. Thousands of transplants take place each year; however, the amount of patients on waiting lists continues to grow with forty–five percent of certain people remaining on transplant waiting lists. (Pros) The amount of people that require transplants becomes bigger every day. In 2009, the number of patients on waiting lists was over one hundred thousand while the number of donors remained under twenty thousand. (Pros) Everyday donors become a greater necessity in order to help others' lives get better. However, when a person becomes a donor families may develop issues with the process that takes place before a donor becomes a qualified donor. For example, some families do not appreciate having their family member on life support while organs are removed; however, potential donors are first tested and organ removal does not begin until they are declared brain dead. Some organs require transplantation in a matter of hours after removal for the sake of the recipient's health and the functioning of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Argumentative Essay On Organ Donation Organ Donating Every thirty minutes someone gets added to the waiting list for an organ transplant ('Frequently Asked Questions"). Not only that, but the number of patients being added to the waiting list is growing larger than the number of donors ("Organ Donation Statistics"). Many people are in the need of some kind of organ donation, so anyone who donates can help to save many lives. Organ donation is also such a great way to give back to people. Another thing is that to donate an organ a person does not have to pay money ("Organ Donation FAQ's"). The only part that costs money is for the funeral if they are a deceased donor ("Organ Donation FAQ's"). Anyone who wants to donate, is allowed ("Frequently Asked Question's"). However, "Your medical condition at the time of death will determine what organs and tissues can be donated for the transplant or scientific research" ("Frequently Asked Questions"). That also means that someone can not be too young, or too old to be a deceased organ donor, or a living donor ("Who Can Donate"). A deceased donor is when someone passes away and then they donate their organs. A living donor is when someone donates their organs while they are still alive, and they only date one of their organs if they have a pair and still live with one, like one liver. Another reason is that most, if not all religions support organ donation so it does not matter what religion they are ("Who Can Donate"). When contemplating to donate, many different organs can be donated. These are only some of the possible organs that can be donated. A heart valve, intestines, bones, and tendons ("What Organs Can Be"). Some other organs are the kidneys, heart, lungs, liver, small bowel, and the pancreas ("Frequently Asked Questions"). And finally bone marrow, and connective tissues can be donated ("Organ Donation and Transplantation"). When a person is living and they want to donate, they can donate one kidney, one lung, a portion of their liver, a pancreas, and part of their intestine ("What Can be Donated"). When someone passes away and is a deceased donor, they can donate every thing listed above, and not just a portion of one ("What Can Be Donated"). Here are some of the few reasons to consider Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Becoming An Organ Transplant Organ transplants affects the lives of over 100,000 Americans. The idea of organ transplant started over 50 years ago when doctors discovered that they could transplant an organ from one individual to another. As medical technology advanced it was found that organ transplants were safe. Unfortunately the only way to cure many organ failures is to replace the organ itself. The process can save several lives but it is the shortage of transplantable organs. The first step in becoming an organ donor is when an individual agrees to release their organs after death. Emergency personnel can recognize this by a certification on a driver's license or a 'dog tag.' There are many reasons why someone would choose to become an organ donor; religion and Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Organ Transplantation Essay Introduction Organ transplantation is a medical act which involves the surgical operating by transferring or removing of an organ from one person to the other, or placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage. Lately, there is an emerging innovation whereby organs are created to form and increase in size by a process of inorganic accretion, from the patient's cell. This field of medicine is known as the regenerative medicine. In addition to this, there are basically various types of regenerative medical...show more content... In spite of this, felon's organ transplantation is an issue consisting of interconnected parts and controversial, other than the issue of the felons or prisoners donation of organs. While, the issue of the incarcerated population having the privilege of this scarce medical resources is extensively and generally approved or compelling recognition within the correctional health profession and there is a case–law supporting the matter of concern, that the statues of a person as an inmate must not preclude such person as a patient from receiving adequate care in respect to serious health needs, regardless of the cost of such treatment. They also have all the social and moral values since the law does not exempt them from citizenship (Puisis, 2006, p.23). Therefore, the provision of organ transplant is not restricted to inmates. Generally, societies have, under the best of conditions, a middling track record when it comes to evaluating the value of the incarcerated population. In relation to this is that the society believes that since the incarcerated population has taken so much from the society through their act which is Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Organ Transplantation : Medical Advancements Danica Smith Final Paper Outline Organ Transplantation Due to the increase in medical technology over the years, medical advancements, such as organ transplants, have grown in commonality. This has increased the number of patient who needs such care. The problem with organ transplants arises from the debate on the ethical way to distribute organs and how to combat the issue of a lack of organ donors. An ethical approach to solving these issues is to develop a system of equal access that relies on maximizing benefits as well as respecting the rights of personal property through better patient–physician conversations when trying to increase organ donors. Process of transplantation: "patient is identified as ill and organ failing, doctor assesses if eligible for transplant" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "If so, doctor refers patient to local transplant center to be placed on the list" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "The transplant center evaluates the patient's health and mental status as well as the level of social support to see if the person is a viable candidate" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "Organs can come from recently deceased people, cadavers, or living persons" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). "The waiting list for donors is maintained by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS)" (Ethics of Organ Transplantation, 2004, p. 6). Now that I've set the basic principle for what an organ transplant Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Organ Transplant Disadvantages Organ transplants Definition: Organ Transplantation is a surgery that transfers an organ from one body to another and it is often the last and only way for puzzle out an organ failure, Such as lung failure and heart failure. It is often very expensive. Background Information: The history of organ transplant has a complex background. The first ever organ transplant happened in 1954 where a kidney transplants occurred. The donor of the kidney was an identical twin. Since they are identical there were no immune rejections of the kidney. The person who performed this transplant was named Dr. Joseph Murray won a Nobel Prize for his success. The first ever heart transplant was performed in 1985 in Poland, Zaigniew Religa, the doctor who performed...show more content... A single lung transplant could cost a grand total of five hundred thousand USD. And among all the types of organs they transplant, transplanting Intestine costs the most, about 1.2 million USD, Which is very expensive. Not only it is expensive, it is hard to even get a hold of the organ, most people who have a kidney failure often get the required organ from their love ones (if no rejection occurs) since it is expensive. Other than that people need to wait for the organs. Averages of 10 people die a day waiting for organs to be delivered. Because of that, many people often trade organs illegally for the money. Organ trade is the trade involving inner organs like heart liver and kidney. Places that are illegal for trading organs are Angola, Balkan Region, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Eastern Europe, India, United States of America, United Kingdom and Russia. Another Disadvantage of Organ Transplant is: it increase the infection of other diseases, Organ Transplantation cures the diseases the client has, but in the future the chances of getting infection due to the immunosuppressant drugs( this drug is also very expensive) that they will needed for the rest of their Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. First Organ Transplant Research Paper Why was the first organ transplant so important in history? This question can vary by the person, some people might say because it improved the medical field, others might say it not only helped the medical field but it also helped individuals improve with knowledge. Who was involved in the first organ transplant? The first organ transplant was in 1954: On December 23, the first successful kidney transplant led by Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. David Hume at Brigham Hospital in Boston. A kidney was transplanted from Ronald Herrick into his identical twin, Richard. (Blue foundation media) Ronald risked his life for his brother knowing there could be a bad outcome. Other people might see this as not only him risking his life but overcoming adversity. Joseph Murray performed the first successful organ transplant. He performed this medical procedure in Boston,...show more content... The doctors were now able to explore the body in a new way. They could do more tests and develop new techniques. To be able to qualify for an organ transplant, you have to be in good physical health, free from high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, HIV, hepatitis, or organ–specific diseases, and at least 18 years old. You also must be willing to donate, be well informed on what is happening the risks, benefits, and possible outcomes. You must have good support meaning others should support your decision, and No alcohol or substance abuse. You must contain all of these to even be considered to give an organ. (united network of organs) In the operating room there are approximately 12 people over the 12 hour operation. The doctors use tools like needles, scalpel, forceps, Clamps, Retractors, Distractors, those are all tools that you will find in the operating room when performing this specific Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. The Need Of Organ Transplants Essay The overwhelming need of organ transplants are increasing daily. There are many causes for such a high demand in the organ crisis, one of them being diabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of organ transplants, primarily kidneys. The waiting lists for donated organs are so incredibly long, that often, people wait for up to three years for an organ to become available. In the United Sta`tes alone, there is an average of seventeen patients per day that die while awaiting an organ transplant. (Journal of Medical Ethics) The United States is not the only nation plagued with such long waiting lists. The problem of having a shortage of organs needed for transplants has taken its toll throughout the entire world. This global issue is in need of a solution. How do we reduce the numbers of patients awaiting organ transplants? Also, at what cost are people willing to pay for an organ that is so desperately needed? Kidney transplants are the fastest growing surgical procedure that the world is in need of today. Throughout the globe, there are an estimated 2.8 million people that are currently in need of a kidney. Patients in need of kidney transplants are often placed on dialysis (a long term prevention for kidney failure). The sufferable acts of dialysis alone, can lead people to do irrational things. In their desperation, they often try to find ways to help prolong the life expectancy of their loved ones on dialysis. The problem lies in the amount of surgeries Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Organ Transplant Essay Organ Transplant What is organ transplantation? Organ transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a failed organ with a healthy organ donated by another individual. Organ transplantation is often reserved as a last resort therapeutic option in certain individuals with end–stage organ disease. It is generally an option in individuals that have a life expectancy of 10 or more years. Patients frequently have to undergo a series of laboratory tests including screening for infectious diseases (eg, HIV, CMV, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis) and other conditions prior to being considered a transplant candidate. Individuals are also normally tested for illicit drug use and screened for coexisting psychological disorders...show more content... Patients with end–stage kidney disease are also often bridged to kidney transplantation. They typically receive placement of a hemodialysis catheter or arteriovenous fistula in order to undergo dialysis three times per week. Dialysis machines act like the kidneys by filtering blood and balancing fluid and electrolyte levels. Patients receiving lung transplantation often have respiratory failure and require continuous oxygen therapy. Occasionally, these individuals need assisted ventilation with a breathing machine (mechanical ventilation). Individuals with cirrhosis and end–stage liver disease are normally managed with medications to treat symptoms and complications of liver disease. They frequently receive therapeutic paracentesis and occasionally require a TIPS procedure prior to liver transplantation. Those with fulminant liver failure typically require urgent liver transplantation. What laboratory tests are ordered in transplant recipients? Commonly ordered blood tests in transplant recipients typically include a CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel), CBC (complete blood cell count), and thyroid function studies (TSH, free T4). A urine analysis, pregnancy test (in women of reproductive age), and urine drug screen are also normally obtained. Urine is also normally sent for bacterial culture. Your doctor may order blood tests evaluating for exposure to certain viruses such as human immunodeficiency Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. How To Write An Organ Transplant Essay Organ Transplant Essay Every 10 minutes, someone is added to the national transplant waiting list and on average, 21 people die each day while waiting for a transplant. ("transplant.hrsa.gov") Before an organ is allocated, all transplant candidates on the waiting list that are incompatible with the donor because of blood type, height, weight and other medical factors are automatically screened from any potential matches. Then, the computer application determines the order that the other candidates will receive offers. According to information from the Organ procurement and transplantation network, Specific criteria must be met in order to find the best match. First is location, Hearts and lungs have less time to be transplanted, so the distance to the donor hospital is always considered first when allocating those organs. Second is the size of the organ. Proper organ size is critical to a successful transplant, which means that children often respond better to child–sized organs. Although pediatric candidates have their own unique scoring system, children essentially are first in line for other children's organs. For each organ that becomes available, the computer program generates a list of potential recipients ranked according to...show more content... There are three types of rejection can occur after receiving an organ transplant: Hyperacute rejection occurs as soon as the donated organ is transplanted. This rarely occurs because transplant doctors make sure to match blood types and check if you have antibodies against the donated organ. Acute rejection occurs at least a few days after the transplant surgery when the body has had time to identify a foreign invader. Chronic rejection is a very gradual type of graft injury that can occur over months or even years after transplantation. ("National Kidney Foundation") A rejection episode may be reversed if caught Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. commercialization of organ transplants Essay COMMERCIALIZATION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS Student: Patrick Frost Instructor: Professor Edwin Martinez del Rio Business Ethics 309 October 21, 2013 Strayer University COMMERCIALIZATION OF ORGAN TRANSPLANTS Arguments in favor of organ commercialization Commercialization of human organs from consenting adults will lead to an increase in the supply of organs needed for transplants (Kanniyakonil, 2005). The major challenge in hospitals is the lack of organs needed for transplantation to the increasing number of patients. Currently, organs are only accepted from victims of altruism suicide and this does not cover the medical needs throughout the world. Thus, by commercializing organs for transplants, the number of organ will...show more content... Commercialization of organs will also lead to degradation in the medical ethics. Patients who are incapable financially may not be given the same medical care quality as people with money. Medical incompatibility is another reason why commercialization of human organs is not advisable. Family members are advised to donate due to enhanced chance of molecular compatibility. However, if organs are sold over the counter unknowing public may buy the organs without the knowledge of the required medical compatibility. Thus, their loved ones may develop serious medical complications or even die as a result of the transplant. My position on the debate My position on the debate of commercialization of organ transplants is that it should not be allowed. This, however, does not mean that people are not participating in the practice. Commercialization of organ transplant is a lucrative business. However, this is morally wrong and is against human ethics. This is due to the fact that commercialization of human organs even if it results in saving lives has a bigger negative impact on the society and on the individual. The major moral problem is that people donating will be under the obligation of benefiting. Like is said earlier, in places where organ commercialization is being practice, the business is very lucrative. The need to benefit from the organ donations violates the ethics that are aligned with human
  • 20. Get more content on HelpWriting.net