2. 1.0 Introduction
2.0 Types of Harm
3.0 Sources
4.0 Related Maxims
5.0 Level of Necessity
6.0 Applications in Current Practices
7.0 Conclusion

3.  The word “dharar” or harm includes all kinds of harm either
to the individual, society, environment and others.
 Islam disallowed all things which will cause harm and thus,
all these elements must be avoided and eliminated.
 The necessary measures should be taken in order to prevent
harms from happening.

4.  Harm which is inflicted intentionally in order to
TYPE 1 cause damage. This kind of harm is definitely
forbidden and the perpetrator shall bear the
consequences of his action.
 Harm which is cause unintentionally without any
intention to cause harm or damage to others.
TYPE 2 As an example, if a person burns something within
the boundary of his property and suddenly the fire
spreads to the neighboring land and destroys the
neighbour’s property. In this case, the person who
ignites the fire has to pay the damages but by doing
so he is not committing a sin as the harm is done
unintentionally.

5. “And spend of your substance in the cause of Allah, and make not your own
hands contributed to (your) destruction; but do good; for Allah loved those
who do well”
La dharar wa la dhirara fil-Islam
“harm shall not be inflicted nor reciprocated in Islam”

6. 4.0 Related Maxims
A damage cannot be removed by the commission of a similar injury
(Art25)

7. The repelling of evil is preferred to the acquisition of
benefits (Art 30)

8. A private injury is tolerated in order to ward off
the public injury (Art 26)

9. “Severe injury is removed by a lesser
injury’’ (art 27)

10. 1. DARURIYYAH (essential)
•Their neglect will lead to total
disruption and disorder and it could
lead to evil ending.

11. • provide guidelines, peace, comfort and purpose of life.
protection • defending Islamic faith particularly if it is attacked by the
of al-din or enemy of Islam
religion
• no different between the life of the rich or poor, between the
leader and subordinates, Muslims and non-Muslims
Protection
of life
• protection of individual right and to privacy and not exposing and
Protection accusing others of misbehavior
of lineage
or dignity

12. • utilizing the mental for the benefit of of
all and not for any kind of evil or
anything that might lead to destruction
Protection of Al-
aql or intellectual
• no one should transgress and acquire the
property of others without legitimate
reasons and without proper contract.
Protection of
property

13. 2. AL-HAJIYYAT (complementary)
• Who neglect leads to hardship of the
individual or community although it does not
lead to the total disruption of normal life
3. AL-TAHSINIYYAT (embellishment)
• Luxury things and the items that are
beyond those of convenience goods.
• Can improve life to be more comfortable

15. 1
Central Bank Bank Islam
of Malaysia Malaysia Berhad
2

17. 1
Bank Islam
Client Malaysia
2 Berhad
3

18. •Commodity Murabahah is a popular term used in the market to imply a
contract of bay al-tawarruq.
•The term tawarruq means, a sale contract whereby a buyer buys an asset from
a seller with deferred payment and sells the asset to the third party on cash with
a price less than the deferred price, for the purpose of obtaining cash.
•Commodity Murabahah is the instrument most commonly used by Islamic
Financial institutions to provide short-term interbank liquidity. It is also have
liquidity management programme originally introduced as an avenue for
Islamic banks to invest their excess funds with the Central bank.
•Now, it is used as an interbank investment by Islamic money market
participants.

19. 3
XYZ Asset
Management
6
4 5
1 2
Commodity Commodity
Broker A Broker B