This document summarizes three studies related to wastewater treatment in Kuwait. The first study evaluated using microfiltration technology to treat wastewater for irrigation and found the treated water met standards. The second studied using soil aquifer treatment of wastewater for irrigation and found it improved water quality over time. The third analyzed hydrogen sulfide emissions from a sewage treatment plant and found emissions were low outside the plant but high inside, risking worker health.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PROJECT
[Wastewater problems in Kuwait]
DONE BY:
Waleed Yahia Abd-Elatif 2111130477
Rami Samir Al-Sahar 2111129285
Mohamed Ahmed El-Mokadem 2111130439

2. INTRODUCTION
• Three scientific papers related to wastewater treatment :
1. Waste water quality and reuse in irrigation in Kuwait using microfiltration
technology (MF) in treatment.
2. Feasibility of long-term irrigation as a treatment method for municipal
wastewater using natural soil in Kuwait.
3. Hydrogen Sulfide Emission from the Ardiyah SewageTreatment Plant in
Kuwait.

3. MICROFILTRATION TECHNOLOGY
• The main objective of the paper is to study the secondary effluent
wastewater treated with MF unit for irrigation purpose.
• A MF unit was installed in the Riqqa wastewater treatment Plant.
• Samples were collected and compared to the standards for irrigation in
Kuwait and other organization.

4. EVALUATION PARAMETERS
• sodium absorption ratio (SAR)
• residual sodium carbonate (RSC)
• An indicator for sodium hazards (SSP)
• electrical conductivity (EC)
• calcium and potassium concentrations
• total suspended solids (TDS)
• trace metal analysis
• And other parameters of health significance.

5. CALCULATIONS

6. RESULTS
Parameters Values Standards Acceptance
Na 6.73 (meq/l) 8 (meq/l) Safe
( Ca + Mg ) / 2 2.19 (meq/l) 10 (meq/l) Safe
SSP 59.265% 60% Safe
SAR 4.55 13 Safe
ESP 5.1723 15 Safe
PH 6.66 None Safe
Chloride potential 54.65% 20%
Moderate
Problems
RSC -3.616 2.5 Safe
BOD < 4.94 mg/l 10 (mg/l) Safe

7. CONCLUSION
• Excellent quality filtrate wastewater.
• Potential problems
 Chloride
 Trace metal
• MF treated wastewater is safe for irrigation in Kuwait.

8. Soil AquiferTreatment ofWastewater

9. What Is the Soil Aquifer Treatment
• A process in which long-term irrigation is used a method forTreatment
• Its used forTertiary treated waste water
• Showed a noticeable success in previous studies

10. Previous Studies
According to Laboratory studies:
1-Under steady operating conditions it was proved that the process is working
in improving the water quality
2-Lab analysis it was found that the Sulaibiya area was the most suitable for
applying this process

11. Previous Studies
According to Field Studies:
1- An improvement in the quality of water was noticed
2-Nitrate removal needed more improvement

12. Why (SAT) In Kuwait?
1-Kuwait is one of the countries that has low water supplies
2-High demand on reusing treated wastewater
3-The low cost of (SAT) Process

13. Objective of this study
To Study the long term effect of (SAT) process on the quality of wastewater
that is used for irrigation

14. Methodology
• Study Area:
“The United Agricultural Production Company (UAPCO) Farm” that is
located in Sulaibiya area of Kuwait was found to be the most suitable for the
test according to the climate and the types of crops that is grown there
• Monitoring Wells:
Eight wells were drilled in the UAPCO Farm to gather information on the
groundwater characteristics and to observe the water quality withTime
-A well were drilled in an in-irrigated area to provide information on water
quality unaffected by irrigation

15. Results
• Water Level and Mound:
The collected data showed the possibility of creating a water mound on the
long term of irrigation (about 15m) in the middle of the farm
• Water Change Quality:
The Chemical analyses of water indicated that the infiltrated water had
lower Levels of (NO3 / PO4 / BOD/ COD)Than water used for irrigation.
NO3 Content was higher due to nitrifications process
TDS ContentWas higher due to soil leeching

16. Results
• The Following table Shows the efficiency of SAT test in improving water Quality

17. Conclusion
• The previous data and results shows the feasibility of SAT test in improving
wastewater quality used in irrigation
• Making the treated wastewater available for unrestricted irrigation
• The effectiveness of the process in removing ammonia / iron / organic
carbon and bacteria and BOD
• FurtherTests shall be introduced to assure the certainty of this process on
the long term

18. HYDROGEN SULFIDE EMISSION
• The main objective of this paper is to study the emission rate of hydrogen
sulfide (H2S) in Ardiyah SewageTreatment Plant in Kuwait (ATSP).
• The reason behind this study is :
• Citizens complaints – presence of undesired odor that may cause concern
• Workers complaints – various diseases that affected them and took too long to cure

19. ARDIYAH SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

20. HYDROGEN SULFIDE
• Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is highly toxic with an unpleasant rotten eggs odor
• Easily detectable by smell
• Causes fire and explosion when it comes in contact with oxidizers and
oxidizing material.
• The main source of emission of hydrogen sulfide into atmosphere is the
presence of sulfide in wastewater at a low pH.

21. MODEL
• The Breeze ISC with ISCST3X PC version 3.2.3
• This model is used for complex industrial areas and based on the Gaussian
Theory
• 15 Sensors were put around the ASTP
• Sensors’ readings were collected to locate the maximum and minimum
concentrations of H2S

22. RESULTS
• Three different scenarios are considered
• The highest concentration reached (6ppm) inside the plant
• Outside the plant the emissions were very low (nearly 0)

23. CONCLUSION
• No danger to the citizens outside the plant
• Main problem is caused from inside the plant
Recommendations
 Tightly closing the inlet structure
 Supply equipment to the workers
 operate the ASTP at a lower flow rate than it is

24. Thank You