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اقتصاد خرد _فصل سوم_کشش.pptx
1.
اقتصاد دانشکده سمستر : دوم مضمون : خرد اقتصاد مضمون
استاد : هللا وثیق " غیاثی " Email: wasiqullah.Ghiasi@gmail.com WhatsApp: 0707267726 5/2/2023
2.
5/2/2023 سوم فصل کشش
3.
5/2/2023 مقدمه كشش كه براساس درصد تغییرات متغییرهاي اقتصادي محاسبه مي شود همان واكنش مصرف كننده و تولیدكننده در قبال تغییرات قیمت كاال و درآمد است . بررسي و تحلیل متغیرهاي تأثیرگذار بر تقاضا و تخمین صحیح اثر كمي آنه ا بر فروش ( كشش ها ) براي تولیدكنندگان كه به دنبال اخذ بهترين تصمیم در كوتاه مدت و رشد بلند مدت حائز اهمیت است . به طور كلي اقتصاددانان براي ارزيابي واكنش
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5/2/2023 كشش و انواع آن درصد تغییرات دو متغیر نسبت به يكديگر را گويند . در اقتصاد به توجه به تقاضا و عرضه مي توان چهار كشش مهم را مطرح نمود كه نمودار زير اين تقسیم بندي را نشان مي دهد :
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5/2/2023 كشش قيمتي تقاضا كشش تقاضا شاخصي است كه به صورت كمي رفتار مصرف كنندگان را در مقابل تغییر در قیمت ها نشان مي دهد . كشش قیمتي ،تقاضا عبارت است از درصد تغییرات مقدار تقاضا به درصد تغییرات در قیمت را گويند كه با ( به اختصار به e هم نشان داده میشود ) 𝐸𝑑 𝑝 نشان میدهند . كشش قیمتي تقاضا در واقع همان حساسیت مقدار تقاضا نسبت به قیمت كاالست . كشش فرد براي يك كاال ممكن است متفاوت از كشش تقاضاي بازار آن كاال
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5/2/2023 كشش قيمتي تقاضا درصد تغیرات مقدار تقاضا نسبت به تغیر قیمتاست که به صورت رابطه زير نشان داده میشود 𝐸𝑝= 𝑄2 −𝑄1 𝑃2− 𝑃1 x 𝑃2+𝑃1 𝑄2+𝑄1 𝐸𝑝= Δ𝑄 Δ𝑃 x 𝑃 𝑄 کشش تقاضا معیار سنجش واکنش تقاضا برای کاالی مشخص در برابر تغیر قیمت است . به عبارت ديگر در مقابل چند درصد تغیر در قیمت ،کاال چه مقدار تغیر در مقدار فروش آ کاال ايجاد ،میگردد در کشش قیمتی مفهوم نسبی داللت بر اين
7.
5/2/2023 كشش قيمتي تقاضا جدول تقاضای ذيل را در نظر گیريد . میخواهیم کشش قیمتی را هنگام که قیمت برنج از 5000 افغانی به 4000 افغانی کاهش می يابد محاسبه کنیم وقتی قیمت برنج از 5000 به 4000 کاهش می يابد . افزايش مقدار تقاضا از 2000 به 4000 کیلو افزايش می يابد افزايش مقدار تقاضا از 2000 به 4000 به معنی 100 در صد افزايش مقدار تقاضا است و کاهش قیمت از 5000 به 4000 به معنی 20 درصد کاهش قیمت کاال می باشد . بنا بر اين کشش قیمت تقاضا برا بر است با 𝐸𝑝= Δ𝑄 Δ𝑃 x 𝑃 𝑄 𝐸 = 4000−2000 4000−5000 𝑥 5000 2000 =-5
8.
5/2/2023 کشش قیمتی تقاضای 5 - به اين معنی است که به ازای يک در صد تغیر در قیمت ،برنج مقدار تقاضای آن به اندازه 5 % جهت عکس تغیرات قیمت تغیر میکند . يعنی اگر 1 % قیمت کاهش يابد مقدار تقاضا به 5 % افزايش می يابد .
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5/2/2023 همه مندی حوصله
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