Pregnancy and lactation are times of heightened nutritional vulnerability. However, the threat of malnutrition begins in the womb and continues throughout the life cycle. A mother who was malnourished as a fetus, young child, or adolescent is more likely to enter pregnancy stunted and malnourished. Her compromised nutritional status affects the health and nutrition of her own children.

5. SOURCES: ICMR, 2010

7. Type 3 Breast with Pregnancy
after 32 weeks

10. The amount of prolactin released during suckling depends
upon the strength and duration of the stimulation.

13. Energy(kcal) 65/100ml (420kcal in 650ml)
Protein 1.15g/100ml
Calcium 200mg
Vitamin A 300mg/650ml
Thiamine 20ug/100ml
Riboflavin 17ug/100ml
Niacin 100-150ug/100ml
Folic acid 1.6ug/100ml
Vitamin B12 0.25-0.3ug/d
Vitamin C 3mg/700ml
An average daily milk production for a lactating woman is 650ml
though some women may produce as much as 1000ml.
Source: B. Srilakshmi (dietetics)

18. PHYSIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SOCIAL

25.  Concentration of water-soluble vitamins as well as fat soluble vitamin A (beta-carotene) is
influenced by the quality of the maternal diet.
 Supplementation of vitamins A and B-complex to lactating mothers increases the levels of these
vitamins in breast-milk.
 Zinc and iron from breast-milk are better absorbed than from other food sources.
 Trace element composition of breast-milk, however, is not affected by the mother's nutritional
status.
Sources: NIN, 2011

30. Fat
Iron
copper, zinc, and magnesium appear to remain constant
throughout the day.

42.  It is important to understand that malnourished mothers can still breastfeed. Moderate
malnutrition has little or no effect on milk production.
 However mothers should be provided with extra food and fluids to rebuild their own
nutrient stores, and may need micronutrient supplements.
 Severely malnourished mothers need therapeutic care and skilled support to continue
breastfeeding.