The document lists four muscles that control head movement: the sternocleidomastoid muscle tilts the head to the side and forward, the semispinalis capitis rotates and tilts the head backward, the splenius capitis rotates and tilts the head to the side and backward, and the longissimus capitis rotates and tilts the head to the side and backward.

1. Muscles for head holding and movements
S. NO. MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION MOVEMENT
1 Sternocleidomastoid muscle Anterior surface of
Manubrium and
medial third of
clavicle
Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Tilt the head to the
side and forward
2 Semispinalis capitis Articular processes of
vertebrae C4 – C7,
Transverse processes
of vertebrae T1 – T6
Occipital bone Rotate and tilt the
head backward
3 Splenius Capitis Spinous processes of
vertebrae C7 – T3
Temporal bone,
Occipital bone
Rotate and tilt head to
the side, tilt head to
the backward
4 Longissimus Capitis Articular processes of
C4 – C7, Transverse
processes of T1 – T5
Mastoid process of
temporal bone
Rotate and Tilt head to
the side, tilt head
backward