A detailed presentation about the automatic equipments and its technical parameters used in seasonal management in poultry industry.

1. AUTOMATION IN SEASONAL
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
D.N.SUDHA, B.Tech (POULTRY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY)
JUNIOR FACULTY
SUGUNA INSTITUTE OF POULTRY MANAGEMENT(SIPM)
UDUMALPET, TIRUPPUR, TAMILNADU

2. AUTOMATION
“Automation is the need of hour to reduce labor cost and increase poultry
production”
• Labor-saving technology
• Achievable through the use of machines
• Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for
operating equipment such as automatic feeder, automatic drinker,
machinery, environment control sensors and other applications.
• Automation has been achieved ~ mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic,
electronic devices and computers

3. Advantages of automation in poultry
production
• Minimal labour input but high capital cost
• Ease of maintenance
• Conducive environment
• Timeliness
• Replaces traditional farm into an intelligent farm.
• Quicker and accurate information
• The smart monitoring of different parameter like temperature, light,
humidity, gas etc., by using wireless sensor network.

4. Cost of automation Vs Labor cost

5. A New Wave of Automation
“Automation is a win-win solution for your workforce and making
workers more efficient”
• Improves working conditions by eliminating repetitive tasks and error.
• Reducing the incidence rates of illness and mortality over different seasons.
• Labor is a strategic challenge within the poultry industry that requires a lasting
solution.
• Automation will not only provide a multifaceted solution to the labor challenge
but also increase the profitability and allow the industry to continue to meet
ever-increasing demand today and tomorrow.

6. Classification of equipment in poultry
Brooding Equipment
Lighting Equipment
Watering Equipment
Feeding Equipment
Ventilation Equipment
Handling Equipment

7. Automatized Equipment
• Poultry Feeding Equipment
• Broiler and Layer Cages
• Manure Cleaning and Unloading Systems
• Automatic Egg Incubator
• Automatic Chicken Breeder Nesting
• Egg Processing Equipment
• Poultry Climatic Control System
• Others

8. Poultry Climatic Control System
• Automatic fans/ Ventilation
• Sprinkler
• Fogger
• Humidifier
• Water sprayer
• Hygrothermometer
• Room heater
• Air quality sensors
• Water heater
• Room heater
• Lighting sensors
• Automatic brooders
• Temperature sensors
• Humidity sensors
• Lighting sensors
• Airflow sensors

9. Use of automation in poultry
FPGA -Field Programmable Gate Array, ADC – Analog to digital converter, IOT – Internet of things

10. • Smoke sensor
 A smoke identifier is a gadget that distinguishes smoke, typically as a fire
indicator.
• Gas sensor
 Gas sensor used to recognize different number of gases like CO2, CH4, CO
& NH3 and it is highly sensitive for propane, butane, LPG.
• Temperature sensor
 The sensor arrangement comprises of accuracy incorporated circuit gadgets
with a yield voltage relative to the centigrade temperature.
• Buzzer
 For alarm purposes a lot of electric bells, alarms and buzzers are available in
the market

11. • Float Switch
A float switch is used to distinguish the level of fluid inside a
tank. The switch can be utilized as a part of a pump, pointer &
caution
• Humidity Sensor
It indicates the humidity level present inside the farm
• Relay
A relay is act as switch. Relays are employed where it is essential
to switch a circuit through an independent low power signal.

12. Smoke detector Gas sensor Buzzer/ Alarm
Float switch

13. Control in hand

14. Various environmental parameters
threshold values
• Normal temperature - 24°C to 32°C.
• If the temperature is below 24°C ~ heater will be ON
• If the temperature is more than 32°C ~ cooling fan will be ON
• Similarly for the gases in air like NH3 (Ammonia) and CH4 (Methane).
• If percentage of NH3and CH4 is more than 50% and40% respectively in both
cases open the ventilation window of farm.
• When intensity of light is more than 45% then according to the climate condition
of temperature the light switch will be ON/OFF.

15. Utilization of automation
• The system can monitoring the data of using advanced wireless sensor
technology
• Control Environmental parameters such as
 Maximum or minimum temperature
 Humidity
 Quality of the surrounding farm climate
 Water level
 Percentage of ammonia gas
• The daily record of the poultry has been kept on a web page.

16. Environment & Seasons
• The environment can be defined as the combination of external conditions.
• Environmental stress causes adverse effects on performance of poultry.
• In our country there are 3 different seasons namely
Summer
Winter
Monsoon/Rainy

17. Stress
“Detrimental effects of variety of factors on the health and performance
of poultry”
• Types of stress
 Tropical countries – Heat stress
 Temperate countries – Cold stress

18. Susceptibility
• Birds are susceptible to high Environmental temperature due to
 Absence of sweat glands.
 Feathered body.
 Fatty nature.
 High body temperature.
 Broilers than layers.
 Male birds are more susceptible.
 Good layers in cages than layers in DLS.

19. Effects of temperature

20. Effect of temperature
• Comfort zone temperature for poultry birds - 65ᵒF - 70ᵒF
• In this zone weight gain, FCR, mortality and egg production in normal as
well as birds maintain their normal body temperature (104ᵒF -
106 ᵒF)
• When the temperature reaches beyond the comfort zone ~
• With extreme climatic condition, birds suffer from either cold or heat
stress

22. Why Seasonal Management?
Summer management
• To avoid heat stress
Winter management
• To avoid the cold stress
Monsoon management
• To prevent from diseases and improve productivity

23. Summer Management
• To avoid Heat stress
• Heat stress increase disease incidence because of
immunosuppression
• Hence in hot weather season special measures in management,
nutrition, medication have to be taken.

24. Symptoms of heat stress
• Panting – Open mouth respiration
• Acid base imbalance – results in the death of the bird due to acid shock
• Water imbalance
• Birds always in lying position closer to litter material and to drinker and
fans
• It increases peripheral blood circulation two to four times high

25. Housing Management
• A shed orientation - east-west direction
• Good roof insulation
• Width of house - 24-32 feet based on temperature, humidity and wind velocity
• Inbuilt with effective cross ventilation/ air movement
• The roof should be painted with white paint or white lime powder reduces
2°C
• 10% extra floor space
• Plantation around the sheds
• Roof overhangs should be 3-5 feet

26. Side pandal

27. Gunny bags in summer

28. Need of Insulation In Poultry Farm
• Research in the Southeast U.S. proved that insulated house had lesser
mortality when compared to uninsulated house
Inside max. temp. Mortality rate
House with insulated
roof
92°F/33.3°C 0.5%
House with no roof
insulation
99°F/37.2°C 14.3%

29. Roof management

30. Feed &Water Management
• Feed consumption decreases ~ water consumption increases
• Feed and water consumption ratio increases to 1: 4 from 1:2 as normal
• Cover water tanks and pipelines with wet gunny bags.
• Increase number of drinkers & feeder by 25%
• Increase frequency of feeding & watering.
• Provide Electrolytes (1-2 gm/liter), salt 0.25% and ascorbic acid (Vit C
400 mg/ L water) in the feed or drinking water
• Increase nutrient density of feed to compensate for depressed feed intake.
• 20-30% extra vitamins and trace minerals should be added to feed

31. • Vitamin C @ 200-500 gm /ton feed
• Pelleted feeding
• Add soda-bicarbonate @ 0.1% for improvement of shell quality.
• Use of anti-fungal in feed to avoid the growth of moulds/ fungi
• Increase the calcium level from 3-3.5% in layer diet.

33. Automation in summer management
• Ventilation system/ Automatic fans
• Sprinklers
• Foggers
• Humidifier
• Temperature and Humidity sensors
• Hygrothermometer

34. Ventilation systems
• Birds need good environment and fresh air
• To expel excessive heat, harmful gases NH3, Co2,H2S
• To dry litter to avoid disease.
• Types of Air pressure - Positive & Negative
• Types of fans - Exhaust fan & Circulating fan

35. Exhaust fans
Expel air out of the building and
combination produces velocity of
air in the house.
Number of fans determined by:
Cross section × Desired velocity
CFM of one fan

36. Air Circulation Fan
• Air throw : 40 ft
• High speed
• C. F. M. (Cubic Feet per Minute) : 18000
• Operates on single / three phase
• Useful to reduce high humidity effect.
• Very effective for evaporative cooling.
• Useful for all kinds sheds.
Sr. No. Description 3 Phase Motor Single Phase
1 R.P.M. 910 910
2 Current Required 1.1 AMP/phase 2.3 AMP
3 Motor Size 0.5 Hp 0.5 Hp

37. Sprinklers
• Sprinkler is made from durable, ultraviolet stabilised polymer and non
ferrous parts.
• Reduces high temperatures to prevent heat stress mortality and lower
production.
• The Sprinkler rotates by itself in opposite direction of spray.
• Reduces temperature by 4 – 8ᵒF or more.

38. Technical Details - Sprinklers
• Operates on 30 PSI water
pressure
• Covers radius of 10 – 12 feet.
• Water output discharge – 50 liters
Per hour at 20 feet water head.

39. Sprinkler control system
• Sprinkler control unit is programmable automatically.

40. Foggers
• The water sprayed from the fogger is a very fine
mist
• Foggers are also provided with a filter and an
inbuilt shut off valve
• Effective in surface cooling of bird.
• Reduces temperature by 9 to 10ᵒF.
• For a typical 30 feet width house, two fogger lines
should be provided (40ft width houses 3 lines).
• Foggers can be fitted at 8 to 10 feet interval.

41. 4 way fogger
• 4 Way Controlled water discharge
• Ensures proportionate humidity
• Requires low maintenance
• Pressure range 35 - 45 PSI
• Controls the temperature, humidifies the
farm
• Helps in perfect growth and healthier poultry

42. Fogger Vs Sprinklers

43. Atomizing Humidifier
• Increase humidity in poultry houses.
• Helpful in reduction of temperature, cool the environment, reduce dust and
deodorize the air.
• The machine can be humidified to above 80%RH.
• The spray size can be adjusted for uniform atomization, mechanical stability
and maintenance-free energy consumption.
• Humidification efficiency of 100 percent
• Also used to .

44. Technical specifications
• Air blast capacity (opa) m3/h - 6600
• Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) - 2800
• Voltage (V) - 220/110V
• Swing Degree - ≤90°
• Atomization Volume - 60L/hour
• Spray distance(M) - 12-15m

45. Humidifier

46. Temperature and Humidity sensor
• Digital type
• Advantages of high quality, quick response & strong anti-interference
• Operation Voltage: 2.7~5.5V DC
• Detection Object: Relative humidity, temperature
• Operation temperature: 0~60ᵒC
• Operation humidity: 20~90%RH

47. Bluetooth Temperature Smart Humidity
Sensor
• Temperature humidity sensor
• Screen size: diameter 55mm
• Temperature range: 0-50ᵒ C
• Humidity range: 0-100% RH
• Wireless Bluetooth: Bluetooth 5.0
• Battery type: button battery

48. Hygrothermometer
• Temperature range: (In/out)-50°c -70°c
• Humidity range: (10 percent - 90 percent)
• Battery: 1.5v
• Sensor length: 3meters temperature reading for °f
and °c
• Time / temp / humidity indicate 12/24 hours system
clock
• Max and min temperature and humidity

49. Winter management
• To avoid cold stress
• As the environmental tempreature decreases below the critical
level , cold sensory receptors in skin area stimulated, the blood supply
to skin is diminished and sensible heat loss through skin is prevented
• Sometimes

50. Symptoms of cold stress
• Chickens fluff up their feathers to trap in the
heat and stay warm.
• Fowls discharge a ton of dampness in their
breath and droppings
• The comb of the bird changes to
(Frost bite)
• Increased chick mortality.
• Increased incidence of CRD, IB.

51. Poultry House Management
• Shed orientation must be east- west direction
• Curtains/ Gunny packs ought to be hanged to prevent from
chill winds

52. Ventilation Management
• Good ventilation
• As this cold, damp air falls, bedding/litter can start to “go off” even in the
early stages.

53. Litter Management
• Litter gives comfortable pad in the
middle of fowl and floor.
• Around 6 inches of litter is required
in houses amid winter.
• A decent quality litter - uniform
temperature, ingests dampness and
advances drying.

54. Feeding Management
• 3400 Kcal/kg ME and 23% protein is required.
• amino acid levels

55. Water Management
• Intake less water so give boiling hot water to increase water intake
• Many of immunisations /anti stress vitamins are given to poultry through
water

56. Automation in winter management
• Water heaters/ Water filters
• Automatic medicator
• Temperature and Humidity sensors
• Hygrothermometer
• Room Heater
• Automatic lighting system
• Electric brooders

57. Water heater
• Auto-alarm function and automatic protection device.
• Ventilator and fan can start and stop automatically.
• The wind input and output can be controlled automatically, the
temperature can also be controlled automatically.
• There are two kinds of temperature control system: computer-controlled and
digital-controlled.
• No pollution when the machine is working.
• Heat efficiency amounts to 80%-95%

58. Technical Parameters
• Heat output power kcal/h - 100000 -400000
• Heat efficiency - ≥90%
• Fuel -Coal
• Consumption kg/h - 45-50kg/h
• Way of adding coal - Manual
• Way of control -Auto
• Temperature rise °C -80-120 °C
• Power kw -5.5Kw

59. Automatic medicator
• Operating flow range: from7 L/H (0.03 GPM),
instead of 10 L/h
• Precise blending
• The dosage can be adjusted easily and quickly
• The unit will automatically start working when
water is flowing in and will continue until the flow
will stop
• Automatic On/Off system.
• Capacity -8000 -70000 birds (Birds size up to 9
pounds)

60. Pipeline arrangements

61. Room Heaters
• Supplemental heat is needed to maintain desired indoor temperatures
during cold weather &brooding
• Different types of heaters ~ radiant, space and make-up air heaters

62. Thermal oil heaters
• Oil/gas heaters(Diesel or kerosene)
• Automatic Built-in LPG burner
• Electric Control box
• Output heat 23KW or 43KW
• Excess flow cut off valve

63. Parameter of the diesel fuel heater:
• Heat output capacity(KW) - 23- 43
• Air volume - 400 m³/h - 1050m³/h
• Power - 100W- 250W
• Average fuel consumption -1.8L/H-
3L/H
• Fuel tank capacity- 21L-42L

64. Multiheat heater
• The Multiheat heater sucks the
air from the top of the house and
guides this through the heat
exchanger where the air is being
warmed by warm water.
• The hot air (approx. 50 – 55 °C)
is being pushed
• The hot air can be spread 15
meters from the heater

65. Electric Brooder
• Thermostat: Digital with PT100 Sensor
• Brooding Capacity: 1000 Doc
• Brooding Area Covered : 200 sq.ft.
• Electric Con: 2 kV / hr.

66. Other types of brooder
Hanging Heat Lamp Brooder
Infrared type
Hanging Heat Lamp
Brooder Incandescent type
Glow Radiant High
pressure Gas
brooder

67. Automatic lighting - LED tube light
• Lighting is provided by Incandescent /Fluorescent
or LED lights with dimmer switches
• A system can pre-program lighting schedules over
the life of the flock.
• It is also important to provide the desired intensity
of light
• Led Tube Light Tech Specifications :
• Power- 10 Watts
• Input Voltage- 90-300V
• Length- 2 feet

68. Electronic Lighting Timer

69. Lighting arrangement

70. Automatic Rat killer
• Delivers high voltage electronic shock to kill
rat, non-poisonous, safe and reliable.
• Set with safety protection switch, in order to
prevent mistake electric shock to person.
• Low power consumption, suitable for long life.
Power Supply 1.5kv 4*C battery
Low battery indicator 4.8V+-0.2V
Static Work Current 50uA
High Voltage Working Current 380mA
High Voltage 7000-9000V
High Voltage Produced Time 4 Minutes

71. Management in Rainy Season
• To prevent from diseases and
improves productivity.
• Additional 5 meters space around the
poultry shed should be clean and well
kept.
• Free of grass and brushwood
• Repair any holes in the roof.
• Litter should dry by adding lime
powder, ammonium sulphate, etc.,
• Maintain adequate water drainage

72. Feed Management
• Feed bags should be stored maximum of 7
days,
• Feed bags should be kept on wooden
platform.
• Platform should be one foot distance from the
floor and the walls
• Floor should always dry
• Mould ~ The maximum tolerable level is 0.1
ppm for the layer and 0.05 ppm for broiler
poultry.

73. Water Management
• Add chlorine or 2 gm bleaching
powder mixed with 1000 liters of
drinking water.
• The combination of water should
apply after 3 hours.

74. Litter Management
• Litter consists of 25 % moisture with 2
inches thickness
• Wet litter ~ Coccidiosis which causes death
of poultry.
• Dry litter ~ CRD, eye irritation
• Litter racking prevents cake formation.
• Spray germicide such as Virkon,
Melathiyon etc.
• Mosquitoes, flies and other insects
increase in monsoon.

75. Market Overview
• “The Global Automated Poultry Farm Market is projected to grow at a
CAGR of 7.8% during the forecast period (2020-2025)”
• The usage of automated farm
High automation control of the whole production process
Improve the production efficiency
Effectively save the manpower and material resources.

77. Automation can effectively controlled the farm from
any location.
Reduces cost, time and man power.
Improves productivity and quality of chickens.
Increase Profits for farmers and quality food for
human being.
In the future advanced IOT based technologies should
be use for monitoring and controlling health too…