Assesment of ankle & foot

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Vaibhavi Rathod

assesment and examination of ankle and foot

Health & Medicine

ASSESMENT OF ANKLE & FOOT
(Vaibhavi Rathod)

PATIENT HISTORY
Occupation?
Mechanism of Injury?
Was there any swelling?
What type of shoes the patient wears?

OBSERVATION

WEIGHT BEARING POSITION
POSTURE
• Anterior View
• Anterosuperior view
• Lateral View
• Posterior View

Flat Foot

Supinated foot

Pump bump

Non Weight bearing position
• Fallen Metatarsal Arch
• Deformities

Bunion
Claw toes
CTEV
Cross over toes
Hallux valgus

Hammer toe
Mallet toe
Polydactly
Syndactly
Splay Foot

EXAMINATION
• ACTIVE MOVEMENTS
• PASSIVE MOVEMENTS
• MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING / RIT
• FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT
• BALANCE AND PROPRIOCEPTION
• REFLEXES AND CUTANEOUS DISTRIBUTION
• JOINT PLAY
• SPECIAL TESTS

SPECIAL TESTS
• Anterior Drawer test
• Talar tilt test
• Feiss line
• Figure eight measurement for swelling
• Squeeze test

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In this lecture on circulatory shock, Dr. Faiza, an Assistant Professor of Physiology, delves into the profound implications of inadequate blood flow throughout the body, leading to tissue damage. The session begins by defining circulatory shock and elucidating its physiological causes, including decreased cardiac output, diminished blood volume, decreased vascular tone, obstruction to blood flow, excess metabolic rate, and abnormal perfusion patterns. Dr. Faiza categorizes shock into various types, such as cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, neurogenic shock, obstructive shock, anaphylactic shock, and septic shock, and explores the pathophysiological basis of each. Furthermore, the lecture examines the stages of shock, from the non-progressive phase where compensatory mechanisms aim for full recovery to the progressive phase where shock worsens steadily without intervention, potentially leading to irreversible damage. Dr. Faiza discusses therapeutic interventions for shock, including replacement therapy, blood and plasma transfusion, sympathomimetic drugs, and other adjunctive treatments like head-down positioning, oxygen therapy, and glucocorticoids.

Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms

Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms

Circulatory Shock, types and stages, compensatory mechanisms

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These are simplified slides discussing the regulation of cardiac output and venous return. Learning objectives: 1. Comprehend the determinants of cardiac output and factors affecting cardiac output 2. Comprehend the factors affecting stroke volume and heart rate and total peripheral resistance 3. Identify the factors regulating venous return 4. Discuss the causes of high and low output cardiac failure 5. Enlist the functions of veins and recognise the significance of venous reservoirs Study Resources: 1. Chapter 20, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition 2. Chapter 30 and 32, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition 3. Chapter 10, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition 4. Physiology, Cardiac Output - StatPearls https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470455/

Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

Cardiac Output, Venous Return, and Their Regulation

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Assesment of ankle & foot

1. ASSESMENT OF ANKLE & FOOT (Vaibhavi Rathod)

2. PATIENT HISTORY Occupation? Mechanism of Injury? Was there any swelling? What type of shoes the patient wears?

4. WEIGHT BEARING POSITION POSTURE • Anterior View • Anterosuperior view • Lateral View • Posterior View

5.

7. Supinated foot

8.

10. Non Weight bearing position • Fallen Metatarsal Arch • Deformities

11. Bunion Claw toes CTEV Cross over toes Hallux valgus

12. Hammer toe Mallet toe Polydactly Syndactly Splay Foot

13. EXAMINATION • ACTIVE MOVEMENTS • PASSIVE MOVEMENTS • MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING / RIT • FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT • BALANCE AND PROPRIOCEPTION • REFLEXES AND CUTANEOUS DISTRIBUTION • JOINT PLAY • SPECIAL TESTS

14. SPECIAL TESTS • Anterior Drawer test • Talar tilt test • Feiss line • Figure eight measurement for swelling • Squeeze test