This ppt contain brief knowledge of body fluid that is blood.

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:-
 What is blood?
 Properties of blood
 Functions of blood
 Composition of blood
 Detailed study of blood cells

3. WHAT IS BLOOD?
 Blood is a colloidal fluid
 Blood is a connective tissue
 Blood transports- oxygen, nutrient, hormones,
heat, clotting factor & others.
 Formation of blood is k/a- HAEMOPOIESIS
 Study of blood is k/a- HAEMOTOLOGY
 Scientific study of serum is k/a- SEROLOGY
 Study of circulation is k/a- ANGIOLOGY

4. PROPERTIES OF BLOOD-
 Volume = 5 to 6 Ltrs.
 PH = 7.4
 Colour = Red(due to Hb)
 Viscosity = More viscous than water(2-3 times)
 Constitute = 7% of body wt.
 Specific gravity = 1.04 to 1.07
 Temp. = 37°C

5. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD:-
 Transportations of – oxygen, nutrients, hormones,
waste substance, clotting factor & etc.
 Regulate body temp.
 Protect against infection.
 Regulation of PH.
 Clot formation.

6. BLOOD COMPOSITON-

7. BLOOD PARTS
PLASMA
55%
WATER
(90-92%)
PLASMA
PROTEINS
(6-8%)
CORPUSCLES
45%
RBC
(99%)
PLATELETS
WBC
(1%)

8. PLASMA (55%)-
 Plasma is straw colored and viscous fluid
 Water (90-92%)
 Plasma contains plasma protein(6-8%):-
albumin(osmotic balance)
globulin(defence mechanism)
fibrinogen(blood clotting)
 Serum = Plasma - clotting factor
 Plasma also contains- minerals, glucose, amino acids,
lipids, waste material & etc.

9. RBC (ERYTHROCYTES)-
 Formation of RBC occurs in red bone marrow
 Formation of RBC is k/a- ERYTHROPOIESIS
 Shape = Circular biconcave
 Size = About 7µm in diameter
 Colour = Red due to haemoglobin
 Nucleus = Non-nucleated
 Life span = 120 days

10.  Count = In male (4.5 to 6.5 million/mm³)
In female (3.8 to 5.8 million/mm³)
 Decrease in no. of RBC is k/a-
ERYTHROCYTOPENIA
 Increase in no. of RBC is k/a- POLYCYTHEMIA
 HAEMOGLOBIN (Hb)-
Normal value- In male 13.5 to 17.5 gm/dl
In female 12 to 16 gm/dl
Breakdown of RBC is known as- HAEMOLYSIS

11. LEUKOCYTES
(WBC)
AGRANULOCYTES
MONOCYTES
(2-10%)
LYMPHOCYTE
(20-50%)
GRANULOCYTES
BASOPHIL
(<1%)
EOSINOPHIL
(1-6%)
NEUTROPHIL
(40-75%)

12. WBC (LEUCOCYTES)-
 Formation of WBC is k/a- LEUCOPOIESIS
 Shape = Amoeboid or irregular
 Size = About 12 to 15µm in diameter
 Colour = Colourless
 Nucleus = Nucleated
 Life span = About 2 weeks
 Count = 4000 to 11000 cells/mm³

13.  WBC formed in bone marrow, spleen, liver
 Increase in no. of WBC k/a- LEUCOCYTOSIS
 Decrease in no. of WBC k/a-LEUCOCYTOPENIA
 Pathological increase in no. of WBC is k/a-
LEUKEMIA (Blood cancer)
 FUNCTIONS OF WBC-
# Phagocytosis
# Formation of antibody
# Protect against Infection

14. PLATELETS
(THROMBOCYTES)-
 Formation of platelets is k/a- THROMBOPOEISIS
 Shape = Small disc
 Size = About 2 to 4µm in diameter
 Nucleus = Absent
 Life span = About 8 to 11 days
 Count = 1.5 to 4.5 lakh cells/mm³

15.  Increase in no. of platelets is k/a-
THROMBOCYTOSIS
 Decrease in no. of platelets is k/a-
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
 FUNCTIONS OF PLATELETS-
# Helps in blood coagulation
# Aid in body’s defence mechanism