Comprehension Skills-Reading Skills,Types,Barriers and overcoming ways to it. It help all listeners to understand the importance of reading skills in day to day life and in education and also helps to the students who are preparing for competitive exams by approaching coaching classes.

1. Mr.U S Siddharth
Assistant Professor, Department of Basic
Sciences & Humanities, SITCoE,
Yadrav(Ichalkaranji)

2. READING SKILLS
LECTURES OUTLINE :
•INTRODUCTION TO READING
•TYPES OF READING
•BARRIERS TO READING
•STRATEGIES FOR READING COMPREHENSION
•READING DIALOGUES, RAPID READING, INTESIVE
READING

3. READING SKILLS
• Resolve to edge in a little reading every day, if it is but
a single sentence. If you gain fifteen minutes a day, it
will make itself felt at the end of the year
Horace Mann ( 1976-1859)
• “Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man,
and writing an exact man”
Francis Bacon ( Essay : Of Studies)

4. DO YOU
KNOW HOW
TO READ
SKILLFULLY
AND
ARTFULLY?

6. INTRODUCTION TO READING SKILLS
Reading is the most Crucial ( Key, Major) Skill.
Good Reader can improve Listening, Speaking and Writing
also.
Effective Reading Skills are Vital to achieving success – not
only in Academics but also Professional Life
Only God Readers are good communicators.
Reading is an art – can be learnt easily using systematic
approach.
Acquire ( Learn) Efficient Reading Skills as Early as Possible.

7. INTRODUCTION TO READING SKILLS
What is Reading?
• "Reading" is the process of looking at a series of written symbols and
getting meaning from them. ...
• When we read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters,
punctuation marks and spaces) and we use our brain to convert them into
words, sentences and paragraphs that communicate something to us.
• Reading can be silent (in our head) or aloud (so that other people can
hear).
• Reading is a receptive skill - through it we receive information.
• The complex process of reading also requires the skill of speaking, so that
we can pronounce the words that we read.
• In this sense, reading is also a productive skill in that we are both
receiving information and transmitting it (even if only to ourselves).

8. BENEFITS OF READING
• PROVIDES COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT FROM BOOKS OR DOCUMENTS
• ENHANCES GENERAL ABILITY TO USE OTHER LANGUAGE SKILLS
• ENHANCES VOCABULARY ( NEW WORDS, PHRASES AND
EXPRESSIONS)
• KEEP YOUR MIND FOCUSED, PREVENTS FROM DISTRACTIONS
• HELPS TO BUILD CONFIDENCE
• GIVES PLEASURES AND RELAXATION
• FACILITATES DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS LIKE PREDICTIONS,
COMPARING FACTS, CREATING SAMPLES, IMPROVING CRITIAL
THINKING.

9. SPEED READING
• AVERAGE COLLEGE STUDENT : 150- 250 WORDS PER MINUTE.
• GOOD READING SPEED : 250 TO 400 WORDS PER MINUTE
• EFFECTIVE READING : 1000 WORDS PER MINUTE
RATES OF READING
PURPOSE OF READING NO.OF WORDS (WPM)
READING FOR MEMORIZATION FEWER THAN 100
READING FOR LEARNING 100-200
READING FOR COMPREHENSION 200-400
SKIMMING 400-700

10. READING PRACTICE
The Moon
• The Moon is the satellite of the Earth. It is about the quarter
size of the Earth. It goes around the Earth approximately in
one month. It is about 384,000 kilometers away from the
Earth. There is no air or atmosphere around it, so there is no
life on the Moon. It has about 13 and a half days daylight and
13 and a half nights of darkness. Temperatures on the Moon
is 120 °C during the lunar day and -150 °C during the lunar
night. Because there is no air or atmosphere, there is also no
sound as the sound waves travel through the air. So, The
Moon is very silent.

11. READING PRACTICE
• Why there is no life on the Moon?
A) Because it is so far away.
B) Because it has only 13 days of daylight.
C) Because there is no atmosphere or air.
D) Because there is no sound.
5. Which of the followings is incorrect?
A) The Moon turns around the Earth.
B) The Moon is hotter than the Earth in daytime.
C) The Moon is bigger than the Earth.
D) It takes one month for the Moon to go around the Earth.
6. Which of the following options cannot complete the sentence "Because there
is no air or atmosphere on the Moon, ----."?
A) there is no sound.
B) there is no life.
C) we cannot cook there.
D) it is the satellite of the Earth.

12. TYPES OF READING
1. SKIMMING – Quickly Gather the most important information or gist
Make your eyes run over the text, noting important
information
• Go through the content of the chapters rapidly.
• Understand Key Words and Concepts
• Not necessary to understand every word
Example : Reading Newspaper , Reading Magazines.
STEPS FOR SKIMMING:
A.READ THE TITLE
B.READ THE FIRST PARAGRAPH OR THE INTRODUCTION
C.READ THE FIRST SENTENCE OF EVERY PARAGRAPH
D.READ HEADINGS AND SUB-HEADINGS
E.NOTICE ANY PICTURES, GRAPHS OR CHARTS
F.NOTICE ANY ITALICIZED OR BOLDFACE PHRASES OR WORDS
G.LOOK FOR IMPORTANT INFORMATIOIN LIKE NAMES, DATES OR EVENTS.
H.READ THE SUMMARY OF LAST PARAGRAPH

13. TYPES OF READING
2. SCANNING –Read Quickly in order to find specific information,
e.g. figures or names.
- Find Particular Piece of Information.
- Look for Information You Need.
- Use scanning to go through your schedule
or meeting plans.
- Scan the table of contents or indexes and
turn directly to Interesting Article.
- Find Specific Information from a Book.

14. Purposes of Scanning
• To search for a word in a dictionary or index
• To find a phone number or an address in a directory
• To check the time schedule of a program in an agenda
• To check the price of a specific item in a catalog
• To know a particular information from a text
• Steps to Follow
• Skim it first to get some ideas about that text.
• Notice how the information is arranged.
• Scan it through to get your information.
• Move your eyes vertically and diagonally keeping in mind the exact
letters or numbers you are looking for.

15. TYPES OF READING
3. EXTENSIVE READING : Used to obtain a general understanding of a
subject.
• Read longer texts for pleasure, and business reports to know about
the general trend.
• Donot worry if you don’t understand every word.
• Use this to improve your general knowledge.
• Example of Extensive Reading : Reading a Novel Before Going to Bed
• Reading Magazines or articles of Interests

16. TYPES OF READING
4. INTENSIVE READING : USED ON SHORTER TEXT TO EXTRACT
DETAIL INFORMATION .
• INVOLVES CLOSE AND ACCURATE READING FOR DETAILS.
• USE IT TO GRASP THE DETAILS OF A SPECIFIC SITUATION
• IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAD EACH WORD, INFORMATION OR
FACTS
• EXAMPLE : READ YOUR TEXT BOOK FOR UNDERSTANDING
CONCEPT.
• INSURANCE CLAIMS, SIGNING CONTRACT.
• IT HELPS TO UNDERSTAND AND INTERPRET TEXT, GET CENTRAL
IDEA AND ETC

17. SUMMARY OF TYPES OF READING
TYPE OF READING PURPOSE
SKIMMING USED TO UNDERSTAND THE GIST
OR MAIN IDEA
SCANNING USED TO FIND A PARTICULAR PIECE
OF INFORMATION
EXTENSIVE READING USED FOR PLEASURE AND GENERAL
UNDERSTANDING
INTENSIVE READING ACCURATE READING FOR
COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING

18. READING PRACTICE
• One of my favorite vacation places is Mexico. I really like the
weather there because it never gets cold. The people are
very nice too. They never laugh at my bad Spanish. The food
is really good. Mexico City is a very interesting place to visit.
It has some great museums and lots of fascinating old
buildings. The hotels are too expensive to stay but there are
more affordable options. For example, you can stay at one of
the beach resorts like Acapulco. If you are planning to visit
Mexico, you should definitely see the Mayan temples near
Merida.

19. READING PRACTICE
• 1.
Sam likes warm weather
Sam doesn't like warm weather at all
Sam hates warm water
Sam likes cold weather
2.
• His Spanish is very good
He speaks Spanish very well
He is Spanish
He doesn't speak Spanish very well
3.
• There's a lot to see and do in Mexico
There aren't a lof of beautiful places in Mexico
Mexico is a dirty place
Tourists never come to Mexico
• 4.
• Hotels are very cheap in Mexico
The hotels aren't comfortable there
Hotels are all poor in Mexico
The hotels in Mexico are pretty expensive

20. BARRIERS TO READING
• A. LACK OF CONCENTRATION – Poor Concentration is the result of
poor reading habits.
• B. EYE FIXATION : Unable to progress beyond a thought, expression or
word. Reason is Poor Reading Training in Schools.
• C. REGRESSION : Backward movement of the eye when reading a line
of text-
Good readers do it less than weaker readers, who
go back to check things more frequently.
Eye should move over at least 2-3 words in one go.

21. BARRIERS TO READING
D. READING ALOUD OR TURNING THE HEAD FRM SIDE TO SIDE :
• Reading Aloud leads to Poor Concentration – as
concentration is given to articulation.
• Moving the Head from time to time
• Moving the Lips while Reading
• Gliding a Pen, Pen or Scale through the text
• Affects the comprehensions and understanding of the
concept.

23. BARRIERS TO READING
E. INDISCRIMINATE USE OF DICTIONARY :
- Study the Dictionary intensively over a short period of time. You don’t
learn words by cramming them.
- To pick up words, work and learn words everyday.
- Rushing to refer the dictionary for every unknown word. It
disturbs spontaneity(i.e. being spontaneous)
F. TENDENCY TO COMPLETE THE READING IN A HURRY
G. READING FOR A SHORTER TIME.
H. PREOCCUPIED MIND WITH OTHER THOUGHTS
I. VOCALIZATION – READING ALOUD

24. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE READING
• 1. Get Your Eyes Checked. Slow Reading can be due to uncorrected eye defects
• 2. Get rid of the habit of pronouncing words as you read. If you sound out
words in your throat or whisper them, your reading rate is slowed.
• 3. Find Out : What you want to know, Cut through what is unnecessary, Skip
what is you donot want.
• 4. Reading Rate should vary according to reading purpose. Skim or scan at
rapid rate.
• 5. Stress on Qualitative Reading and Not Quantitative Reading
• 6. Cultivate Positive Attitude Towards Reading. The More You Read, the more
love you would develop towards Reading
• 7. Read for an Hour even if it is tedious. Don’t Give Up in the first 10-15
minutes

25. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE READING
• 8. Underline Key Parts/ Words/ Concepts for further
Reference
• 9. Add New Ideas Flashing in the mind. Add in the Margin.
• 10. Use different Colored Pencils to mark the important
Contents
• 11. Convert Written Information in Pictorial Format for
Effective Comprehension
• 12. Read Daily – Fix Some Amount of Time Daily exclusively
for Reading, It will become a practice.