2. This required training applies to all who may reasonably be
expected to come into contact with blood, body fluids or other
potentially infectious materials on the job.
Establishes practices for protection of employees
Standards set by OSHA in 1991
(Occupational Safety Health Administration)
3. What is your agency’s infection control
plan?
What safety measures are in place?
What work practices should you follow?
What personal protective equipment should you use?
What housekeeping practices are in place?
You can get Hep B vaccine, medical counseling, follow-
up (post-exposure)
You will receive annual training.
4. What is a blood borne pathogen?
A microorganism present in blood
or bodily fluids that can infect and
cause disease.
5. What are the most common blood borne
pathogens we are concerned about?
Hepatitis B, C and HIV
How are these pathogens spread?
By exposure to blood or other bodily fluids that may contain
blood
What and How?
6. Inflammation of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B
virus.
It is spread through sexual contact, IV drug use, blood
transfusions or exposure to infected blood.
Symptoms may develop 4-6 months after exposure.
** Prevention is the key. To protect yourself use
universal precautions and get the Hepatitis B
vaccine.
Tell me about Hepatitis B
7. Your agency can provide this vaccine free.
It is administered in 3 doses over several months.
If you have already had the vaccine in the past, you can
obtain a test to see if you are still immune to Hepatitis
B.
How can I get the vaccine?
8. A major cause of chronic liver disease.
It is also spread like Hepatitis B.
There is NO vaccine available.
It increases your risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer.
What is Hepatitis C?
9. Which bodily fluids are potentially infectious?
Blood
Urine
Feces
Saliva
Open wounds
Semen and Vaginal secretions.
NOT perspiration(sweat) or tears!
Which Fluids?
10. When one of these fluids come into contact with
“broken” skin.
Cuts
Rashes
Hangnails
Piercings
or open surface like
Eyes
Mouth
Nose
Mucous membrane
An infection may occur.
Which Fluids?
11. Safety measures that are used to prevent harmful
bacteria and viruses (pathogens) from infecting
people who provide first aid, personal or health
care.
It is important that DSPs use universal
precautions – it helps to protect everyone!
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT YOU USE UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTIONS!
What Are Universal Precautions?
12. Appropriate Hand Washing & Personal Hygiene
Disposal/Care of Contaminated Items (like
needles, clothing, bedding, tissues, bandages,
etc.)
Engineering Controls
Hepatitis B vaccination
What are the Safety Measures?
13. ALWAYS….when you are providing care and
coming into contact with certain bodily fluids.
Treat ALL these fluids as if they were infectious,
regardless of what you know about the person.
This is what “universal” means!!
When should we use Universal
Precautions?
14. When you wash your hands properly, you wash
away bacteria and viruses that you have picked
up from the environment.
Washing your hands properly will prevent the
spread of pathogens, thus avoiding illness.
Hand Washing
15. Wet your hands with warm water and apply soap;
Scrub your hands together briskly; get under
fingernails and between fingers;
Wash for 10-15 seconds (“A,B,C’s” or “Happy
Birthday” one time through);
Dry hands thoroughly with a clean paper towel;
Use the towel to turn off the faucet and open the
door!
Proper method of Hand Washing
16. Before and after preparing food
Before and after eating
Before and after providing direct care
After cleaning
After using the bathroom
After touching pets
After blowing your nose
**Be mindful that there may be more times when you
need to wash your hands**
When Do You Wash Hands?
17. Use these according to your agency policy:
Gloves
Gowns/Aprons
Protective Eyewear
Masks/Face Shields
These are to protect YOU and
the people you support.
Personal Protective Equipment
18. Gloves are the most
commonly used
protective equipment.
They should be used:
To avoid contact with blood or other body fluids
When handling contaminated items (e.g. laundry with
urine or fecal soiling)
When there are open cuts, scratches or wounds on the
person you are supporting or on your own hands
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
19. Be sure to wash your hands before and after you use
gloves. Gloves serve as a protective measure, but you
still have the responsibility to perform proper care.
Gloves should be changed every time you come in
contact with a new person or activity.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
20. Discard of contaminated needles or other sharp
instruments in appropriate containers
Dispose of used items (napkins, tissues, hand
sanitizing cloths) or wash used items (towels, wash
cloths)
Do not share personal care items (towels, wash
cloths)
Disposal/Care of Contaminated Items
21. Soiled Linen
Should be bagged and transported in a manner to
prevent leakage and contamination of DSP’s clothing
Sort linen before washing; use gloves to sort
The settings on household washing machines are
sufficient to kill most common bacteria
Use additives at the appropriate amounts for adequate
wash and care
Disposal/Care of Contaminated Items
22. Immediately wash/rinse the exposed body part with soap and
warm water for sixty seconds. If necessary, flush eyes with
clean running water.
Provide immediate first aid if it is necessary
Tell someone! (according to your agency policy). You may need
to be tested/treated.
Clean the environment with an appropriate disinfecting
solution, such as ten parts water to one part bleach. Bleach will
kill both HIV and hepatitis B virus. (Or, your agency may have
another product that you should use)
After cleaning, promptly disinfect mops and any other
cleaning equipment, or you may spread the viruses to other
areas.
What to do if there is an exposure
23. Communicable diseases spread from person to
person.
You may hear them referred to as contagious or
infectious diseases as well.
One example is Tuberculosis. You must obtain an
annual PPD to demonstrate that you do not have TB.
Other examples: colds, flu.
Other Communicable Diseases
-not blood borne-
24. Caused by bacteria that are spread through the air by
infectious particles.
These bacteria infect the lungs.
Active TB requires antibiotic treatment for a year
Latent TB means that someone has the infection but
is NOT infectious.
Tuberculosis
26. Wash hands to prevent food contamination.
Keep foods out of the danger zone! (41 F – 135 F)
Bacteria grow FASTER in that range!
Don’t defrost meat on the counter!
Avoid cross-contamination
Pick up utensils by handles only
When preparing food:
28. The needs of each person in an emergency are unique.
In order to provide the best, most individualized care….
PEPP: Each person has a Personal Emergency
Preparedness Plan
CEPP: Each agency has a Comprehensive Emergency
Preparedness Plan
Emergencies!
Being prepared in a person-centered way
30. Fire Safety
Did you know that 80% of
fire deaths occur in the
home due to:
Cooking
Smoking
Heating
The components
that make fire are:
Heat
Fuel
Oxygen
31. To avoid fire, use…
Surge protectors;
extension cords are not recommended and
should never be used as primary wiring
Space heaters only when there are 3 feet of space
around them
Safe smoking practices
Fire Safety
32. To avoid fire, check…
that cooking appliances are turned off after use
cords on electric appliances: check for damage;
unplug appliances when not in use
that smoke alarms are tested and batteries changed
as required
the fire extinguishers are charged and inspected as
required
Fire Safety
33. Use for small fires only!
Be mindful that they differ kinds of fire extinguishers
based on contents and purpose
Operate using P.A.S.S.
Do not throw water on grease fires
REMEMBER TO CALL 911
Use of Fire Extinguisher
35. Know your agency’s policy for fire drills.
Know your agency’s evacuation plan
Know two ways to exit
Mark accessible windows
Where is the “Area of Rescue or Meeting Place”
outside the home?
Drills & Evacuation
36. Get low
Get out fast
Do not return inside of the house
If fire gets on your clothing, STOP, DROP and ROLL
Contact 911 from another location
Make sure the people you support are evacuated.
Escape Procedures
38. Depending on the duties of your job, you may be
required to lift heavy items or help to transfer a
person from one place to another.
As a reminder, take care of your back and spine!!
Back Safety
39. Safe Lifting
When lifting any heavy item, do not bend forward and
lift. This will place pressure on your back and spinal
cord and cause injury.
Back Safety
40. Safe Lifting
In order to lift correctly, bend at the knees, wrap your
arms around the person or item and lift with your
knees!!
Back Safety
Trainer should review what the specific policies are for their agency.
Discuss this… an exposure is NOT when someone’s blood or bodily fluids touch your skin… Your skin must be broken for there to be an exposure, or the fluid must enter an “open” area like mouth, nose, etc.
Engineering Controls – refer to the methods of isolating or removing hazards from the work place.
Example:
sharp disposal container
Applies to when providing first aid, personal or health care.
Note that antibacterial soap is not advised.
Note the hand gel is acceptable when soap and water are not available.
Talk about what protective equipment is used in your agency.
Add videos about putting on or taking off gloves. Agency can provide a video or demonstration by the trainer.
Here is an example of a Engineering Control
Purified Protein Deriative = PPD
TB is not common in the United States. There is a vaccine that is not commonly given in the United States but given elsewhere in the world where TB is common.
Above are just some guidelines for food handling. All DSPs should receive more in-depth training on safe food preparation and handling.
DSPs should be trained within their agencies as to the individual and corporate emergency preparedness plans.
Do not throw water on grease fires:
Example:
Do not throw water on grease fires if you are cooking
Discuss ways to exit… know what the person’s need are that you’re working with in a drill or evacuation.
Part of a good Evacuation Plan can be developing relationships with your neighbors so that they can help in the event of an emergency.
Consider using a film that shows correct back safety techniques.