3. The Salamanca Statement..
• In June 1994 representatives of 92 governments and 25
international organizations formed the World Conference on
Special Education Needs Education, held in Salamanca, Spain.
• They built on:
• 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights [The Right to
Education of every individual as enshrined in the declaration]
• 1990 World conference on Education for All
• 1993 UN Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities
for Persons with Disabilities.
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4. The Salamanca continue..
• They agreed a dynamic new statement on the education of all
disable children, which called for inclusion to be the norm.
• In addition, the conference adopted a new framework for
action, the guiding principle which is that, ordinary schools
should accommodate all children, regardless of their physical,
intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic or other conditions.
• Thus, all educational policies should stipulate that disabled
children attend the neighbourhood school that would be
attended if the child did not have a disability.
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7. Salamanca continue...
• The statement begins with a commitment to Education For All
[EFA], recognizing the necessity and urgency of providing
education for all children, young people and adults within the
regular ‘normal’ education system.
• This is because regular schools with inclusive orientation are
the most effective means of combating discriminatory
attitudes, creating welcoming communities, building an
inclusive society and achieving education for all.
• Moreover, they provide an effective education to the majority
of children and improve the efficiency and ultimately cost
effectiveness of the entire education system.
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8. Salamanca [UNESCO task]
• Ensure that special needs education forms part of every
discussion dealing with education for all.
• Enhance teacher education in this field by getting support
from teacher unions and associations
• Stimulate the academic community to do more research and
disseminate findings.
• Expand programs on inclusive schools and community support
projects
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9. Salamanca [Equalization of
opportunities]
• Framework for action says, ‘inclusion and participation are
essential to human dignity and to the enjoyment and exercise
of human rights’.
• Special needs education incorporates proven methods of
teaching from which all children can benefit.
• It assumes human differences are normal and that learning
must be adapted to the needs of the child , rather than the
child fitted to the process.
• Thus, all children should learn together, where possible, and
schools should recognize and respond to individual needs
• Inclusive schools are the most effective at building solidarity
between children with special needs and their peers.
• Therefore, Inclusive school should be built rather than Special
schools.
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